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Predicting Cadmium Safety Thresholds in Soils Based on Cadmium Uptake by Chinese Cabbage

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Pedosphere 2017年第3期27卷 475-481页

作者： LU Junhe YANG Xinping MENG Xuchao WANG Guoqing LIN Yusuo WANG Yujun zhao fangjie College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

Cadmium(Cd), a common toxic heavy metal in soil, has relatively high bioavailability, which seriously threatens agricultural products. In this study, 8 different soils with contrasting soil properties were collected from different regions in China to investigate the Cd transfer coefficient from soil to Chinese cabbage(Brassica chinensis L.) and the threshold levels of Cd in soils for production of Chinese cabbage according to the food safety standard for Cd. Exogenous Cd(0–4 mg kg^(-1)) was added to the soils and equilibrated for 2 weeks before Chinese cabbage was grown under greenhouse conditions. The influence of soil properties on the relationship between soil and cabbage Cd concentrations was investigated. The results showed that Cd concentration in the edible part of Chinese cabbage increased linearly with soil Cd concentration in 5 soils, but showed a curvilinear pattern with a plateau at the highest dose of exogenous Cd in the other 3 soils. The Cd transfer coefficient from soil to plant varied significantly among the different soils and decreased with increasing soil p H from 4.7 to 7.5. However, further increase in soil pH to > 8.0 resulted in a significant decrease in the Cd transfer coefficient. According to the measured Cd transfer coefficient and by reference to the National Food Safety Standards of China, the safety threshold of Cd concentration in soil was predicted to be between 0.12 and 1.7 mg kg^(-1) for the tested soils. The predicted threshold values were higher than the current soil quality standard for Cd in 5 soils, but lower than the standard in the other 3 soils. Regression analysis showed a significant positive relationship between the predicted soil Cd safety threshold value and soil p H in combination with soil organic matter or clay content.

关键词： clay content soil pH soil organic matter soil quality standard transfer coefficient

The Influence of Surface Building's Relative Position on the Seismic Response of Subway Structures

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Earthquake Research in China 2011年第2期25卷 250-259页

作者： Li fangjie zhao Fengxin Zhang Yushan You Hongbing China Earthquake Disaster Prevention Center Beijing 100029 China

By using the finite element method and viscoelastic artificial boundary, a soil-structure interaction system is established to simulate the influence of surface buildings on the seismic response of subway structures. The conditions of different relative positions between ground building and subway structure are analyzed. The result~ indicate that when considering the existence of surface buildings, the relative story displacements and internal forces of subway structures are changed greatly. Further the influence of surface buildings on subway structure changes as the distance increases.

关键词： Subway structure Ground building Relative position Seismic response

我国主要粮食作物中镉限量标准问题的若干思考

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科学通报 2022年第27期67卷 3252-3260页

作者：汪鹏赵方杰南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室南京210095 南京农业大学前沿交叉研究院农业与健康研究中心南京210095

大米镉限量标准对评估土壤环境质量和保障人体健康具有重要的作用.当前,我国大米镉限量标准值存在很大争议.本文从人体镉摄入健康指导值、暴露风险、膳食结构等角度,论述了我国现行大米镉限量标准值的合理性,并对限量标准值制修订提出... 详细信息

大米镉限量标准对评估土壤环境质量和保障人体健康具有重要的作用.当前,我国大米镉限量标准值存在很大争议.本文从人体镉摄入健康指导值、暴露风险、膳食结构等角度,论述了我国现行大米镉限量标准值的合理性,并对限量标准值制修订提出了建议.

关键词：暴露风险限量标准膳食结构人体健康土壤环境质量制修订镉摄入健康指导值

Future research needs for environmental science in China

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Geography and Sustainability 2021年第3期2卷 234-242页

作者： Dongqiang Zhu Weiqiang Chen Xiaolei Qu Yuming Zheng Jun Bi Haidong Kan Yongming Luo Guangguo Ying Eddy Y.Zeng fangjie zhao Lingyan Zhu Yongguan Zhu Shu Tao School of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityJiangsu 210023China Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China School of Public Health Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of HealthFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China The Environmental Research Institute Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of EnvironmentSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health School of EnvironmentJinan UniversityGuangzhou 511443China Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource UtilizationCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation&Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of EducationCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China

Environmental science is an interdisciplinary science developed in the process of understanding and solving ecolog-ical and environmental *** order to tackle these problems,environmental science research is expected to reveal the source,behavior,fate,exposure,and risks of pollutants in the environment and develop potential solutions to control *** provides the scientific basis for decision-makers to establish environmental and economic poli-cies,and promote concerted efforts for the sustainable development of ***,we articulate the development patterns,challenges,and future research needs of environmental science in China based on literature review and expert panel *** science research has evolved significantly in the past decade with an increas-ing diversity of environmental pollutants and health impacts,new technologies and methods,deepening fusion of multiple disciplines,and emerging solutions for pollution *** future development relies on the advances in our knowledge on the fate and transport of pollutants,regional environmental processes,ecotoxicological effects,environmental exposure and health effects,environmental analysis and monitoring,source control and reduction,environmental remediation,as well as environmental risk *** each of these fields,we summarize the significant challenges and highlight the research demands for *** on the status quo of China’s environmen-tal science research and future needs,we provide recommendations to promote its future development,including encouraging innovation and interdisciplinary research,providing decision support for national needs,encouraging international collaboration,and improving collaboration mechanisms.

关键词： Environmental science China Challenges Opportunities Research needs

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土壤-水稻系统中镉迁移与阻控

南京农业大学学报 2022年第5期45卷 990-1000页

作者：汪鹏赵方杰南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院江苏南京210095

南方部分地区稻米镉超标问题较为突出,主要与土壤污染、土壤酸化、稻田水分管理以及南方种植的一些镉积累能力较高的水稻品种等因素有关。我国土壤镉总量要比欧美国家土壤低,但我国土壤镉的活性较高,不同省份土壤镉的活性也存在较大差异... 详细信息

南方部分地区稻米镉超标问题较为突出,主要与土壤污染、土壤酸化、稻田水分管理以及南方种植的一些镉积累能力较高的水稻品种等因素有关。我国土壤镉总量要比欧美国家土壤低,但我国土壤镉的活性较高,不同省份土壤镉的活性也存在较大差异,其中湖南省土壤镉的活性普遍要高于广西、贵州等地。稻米镉积累关键时期是灌浆期,这个时期常对应的是稻田排水烤田阶段,该阶段土壤镉活性主要受“原电池效应”“自由基氧化效应”和“pH-铁氧化物吸附效应”等过程控制。提高土壤Zn、Mn含量能抑制稻田排水阶段硫化镉的氧化溶解速率,提高土壤pH值能降低镉向土壤溶液相的分配,从而降低土壤镉的活性。水稻镉吸收与转运受多个关键基因控制,一些基因的等位变异使得不同水稻品种籽粒镉积累产生差异。水稻籽粒镉积累阻控可以通过降低土壤镉活性、减少水稻镉吸收转运以及移除土壤镉存量等方式实现。因此,种植低镉积累水稻品种,调酸控镉,施用Zn、Mn肥等是低成本、长效的镉污染农田安全利用的技术措施,而高镉积累水稻品种有潜力发展为土壤镉减存量修复的植物修复技术。

关键词：稻田镉水稻植物修复农产品安全

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土壤与人体健康

土壤学报 2020年第1期57卷 1-11页

作者：赵方杰谢婉滢汪鹏南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院

土壤可以通过多条途径对人体健康产生正面或负面的影响。本文从土壤通过食物链提供人体必需的矿质营养、人体来自于土壤-食物链的有害重金属暴露、以及土壤中抗生素抗性基因传播等方面探讨土壤与人体健康的关系。土壤对人体健康的影响... 详细信息

土壤可以通过多条途径对人体健康产生正面或负面的影响。本文从土壤通过食物链提供人体必需的矿质营养、人体来自于土壤-食物链的有害重金属暴露、以及土壤中抗生素抗性基因传播等方面探讨土壤与人体健康的关系。土壤对人体健康的影响具有非均等性,贫困地区与低收入群体往往更容易受到土壤对人体健康的负面影响。在未来人口增长与全球气候变化双重压力下,土壤与人体健康的关系将变得更为突出。本文还提出了消减土壤对人体健康负面影响的一些干预措施选项及未来的研究方向。

关键词：人体健康矿质营养重金属抗生素抗性基因

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植物砷吸收与代谢的研究进展

环境化学 2011年第1期30卷 56-62页

作者：刘文菊赵方杰河北农业大学资源与环境学院保定071000 Rothamsted Research Harpenden

砷(As)作为一种植物非必需的类金属元素广泛存在于自然界中,砷过量摄入不仅会对植物生长产生毒害作用,而且在植物的可食部位累积并通过食物链对人体健康构成威胁.生长介质中的砷酸盐(五价砷)一般是通过磷酸盐转运蛋白被植物吸收的,而亚... 详细信息

砷(As)作为一种植物非必需的类金属元素广泛存在于自然界中,砷过量摄入不仅会对植物生长产生毒害作用,而且在植物的可食部位累积并通过食物链对人体健康构成威胁.生长介质中的砷酸盐(五价砷)一般是通过磷酸盐转运蛋白被植物吸收的,而亚砷酸(三价砷)和没有解离的甲基化砷则主要是通过质膜上的水通道蛋白被植物吸收的.在植物体内五价砷很容易被还原为三价砷,三价砷和带巯基的植物络合素(PCs)结合形成络合物储存在液泡中,从而使植物达到解毒的目的.植物能否将无机砷甲基化仍待证实.本文综述了近年来植物对砷的吸收及其在植物体内存在行为的相关研究.

关键词：砷的形态砷的络合砷的还原砷的甲基化

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植物防御素调控水稻镉积累的新机制

植物学报 2018年第4期53卷 451-455页

作者：黄新元赵方杰南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室南京210095

镉是我国农产品的主要重金属污染物之一。随着我国土壤重金属污染问题日益突出,包括稻米在内的农产品重金属超标时常发生。如何防控重金属在作物可食部位的积累,在保证农产品安全的同时将农田重金属进行移除修复,已成为我国农业生产急... 详细信息

镉是我国农产品的主要重金属污染物之一。随着我国土壤重金属污染问题日益突出,包括稻米在内的农产品重金属超标时常发生。如何防控重金属在作物可食部位的积累,在保证农产品安全的同时将农田重金属进行移除修复,已成为我国农业生产急需解决的问题。最近,中科院上海生命科学院植物生理生态所龚继明研究组和中国水稻所钱前研究组克隆到1个特异调控镉在水稻(Oryza sativa)叶片中积累的主效QTL基因CAL1。CAL1编码1个植物防御素类似蛋白,通过与镉进行螯合,将镉从维管束木质部薄壁细胞中分泌出来,进入木质部参与长距离转运,从而定向调控镉在水稻叶片等营养器官的积累而不影响籽粒镉的积累。该研究加深了人们对重金属镉在植物体内的转运和再分配机理的认识,同时也为培育秸秆镉高积累而籽粒镉含量达标的"修复型"水稻品种提供有价值的新基因。研究成果具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。

关键词：水稻镉植物修复植物防御素

生物炭和碳酸钙粉对高、低镉积累型水稻镉积累及根际微生物群落的影响

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农业环境科学学报 2022年第10期41卷 2102-2110页

作者：唐仲周明张隽赵方杰南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院南京210095

为研究钝化剂对不同镉(Cd)积累特性水稻品种镉积累的阻控效果,采用盆栽试验,研究了2种钝化剂(生物炭和碳酸钙粉)处理下高、低镉积累水稻镉积累特性,同时考察了2种钝化剂添加对高、低镉积累水稻根际土壤pH、有效态镉含量和细菌群落结构... 详细信息

为研究钝化剂对不同镉(Cd)积累特性水稻品种镉积累的阻控效果,采用盆栽试验,研究了2种钝化剂(生物炭和碳酸钙粉)处理下高、低镉积累水稻镉积累特性,同时考察了2种钝化剂添加对高、低镉积累水稻根际土壤pH、有效态镉含量和细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,施加碳酸钙能分别提高低镉积累品种和高镉积累品种根际土壤pH 1.91和1.43,土壤有效态Cd含量分别降低了79.2%和65.2%;施加生物炭仅显著提升了低镉积累品种根际土壤pH 0.52,土壤有效态Cd含量降低了27.0%,而对高镉积累品种根际土壤pH和有效态Cd含量无显著影响;与对照相比,碳酸钙处理分别降低了低镉品种91.8%和高镉品种88.1%的籽粒Cd含量,而施加生物炭分别降低了低镉品种50.5%和高镉品种26%的籽粒中Cd含量。对收获期水稻根际微生物群落分析表明,生物炭主要影响根际细菌群落的丰度,而碳酸钙主要影响根际细菌群落多样性。以上结果表明,施用碳酸钙对于高、低镉积累型水稻籽粒镉积累均有较好的阻控效果,生物炭对低镉积累型水稻品种镉积累的阻控效果优于高镉积累型水稻品种,低镉积累水稻品种结合施用碳酸钙粉可在中轻度镉污染酸性土壤上推广应用以保障农产品安全。

关键词：重金属镉污染钝化剂水稻微生物群落