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The next detectors for gravitational wave astronomy

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2015年第12期58卷 91-124页

作者： BLAIR David JU Li zhao chunnong WEN LinQing MIAO HaiXing CAI RongGen GAO JiangRui LIN XueChun LIU Dong WU Ling-An ZHU ZongHong HAMMOND Giles PAIK Ho Jung FAFONE Viviana ROCCHI Alessio BLAIR Carl MA YiQiu QIN JiaYi PAGE Michael School of Physics The University of Western Australia School of Physics and Astronomy University of Birmingham State Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences The School of Physics & Electronic Engineering Shanxi University Laboratory of All-Solid-State Light Sources Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Science State Key Laboratroy of Modern Optical Instrumentation Department of Optical Engineering Zhejiang University Laboratory of Optical Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gravitational Wave and Cosmology Laboratory Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University School of Physics and Astronomy SUPA University of Glasgow Department of Physics University of Maryland College Park University of Rome Tor Vergata INFN Roma Tor Vergata

This paper focuses on the next detectors for gravitational wave astronomy which will be required after the current ground based detectors have completed their initial observations, and probably achieved the first direct detection of gravitational waves. The next detectors will need to have greater sensitivity, while also enabling the world array of detectors to have improved angular resolution to allow localisation of signal sources. Sect. 1 of this paper begins by reviewing proposals for the next ground based detectors,and presents an analysis of the sensitivity of an 8 km armlength detector, which is proposed as a safe and cost-effective means to attain a 4-fold improvement in sensitivity. The scientific benefits of creating a pair of such detectors in China and Australia is emphasised. Sect. 2 of this paper discusses the high performance suspension systems for test masses that will be an essential component for future detectors, while sect. 3 discusses solutions to the problem of Newtonian noise which arise from fluctuations in gravity gradient forces acting on test masses. Such gravitational perturbations cannot be shielded, and set limits to low frequency sensitivity unless measured and suppressed. Sects. 4 and 5 address critical operational technologies that will be ongoing issues in future detectors. Sect. 4 addresses the design of thermal compensation systems needed in all high optical power interferometers operating at room temperature. Parametric instability control is addressed in sect. 5. Only recently proven to occur in Advanced LIGO, parametric instability phenomenon brings both risks and opportunities for future detectors. The path to future enhancements of detectors will come from quantum measurement technologies. Sect. 6 focuses on the use of optomechanical devices for obtaining enhanced sensitivity, while sect. 7 reviews a range of quantum measurement options.

关键词： future gravitational wave detectors opto-mechanics quantum limit

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均三嗪二酮诱导水稻(Oryza sativa L.)雄性不育的研究

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杭州大学学报(自然科学版) 1980年第4期 81-87页

作者：赵章杏黄纯农

应用国产新药均三嗪二酮对水稻进行化学杀雄,大田试验表明,在水稻孕穗期喷洒4000—8000ppm,诱导雄性不育率可达88.9%—100%,而无损于雌蕊育性.但对株高与穗轴节间稍有矮化效应.药害晚粳比早籼为小.处理穗的一些形态学性状,如颖壳开张,... 详细信息

应用国产新药均三嗪二酮对水稻进行化学杀雄,大田试验表明,在水稻孕穗期喷洒4000—8000ppm,诱导雄性不育率可达88.9%—100%,而无损于雌蕊育性.但对株高与穗轴节间稍有矮化效应.药害晚粳比早籼为小.处理穗的一些形态学性状,如颖壳开张,柱头蓬松外露,持续数日之久. 这些特性有利于异花授粉,进行杂交水稻制种.根据观察,均三嗪二酮能抑制花粉发育与花药开裂.我们确认这两个因素的共同作用,可高度有效地导致水稻的雄性不育.

关键词：水稻雄性不育败育 Oryza sativa L 二酮均三嗪

Gravitational wave astronomy: the current status

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2015年第12期58卷 3-43页

作者： BLAIR David JU Li zhao chunnong WEN LinQing CHU Qi FANG Qi CAI RongGen GAO JiangRui LIN XueChun LIU Dong WU Ling-An ZHU ZongHong REITZE David H. ARAI Koji ZHANG Fan FLAMINIO Raffaele ZHU XingJiang HOBBS George MANCHESTER Richard N. SHANNON Ryan M. BACCIGALUPI Carlo GAO Wei XU Peng BIAN Xing CAO ZhouJian CHANG ZiJing DONG Peng GONG XueFei HUANG ShuangLin JU Peng LUO ZiRen QIANG Li'E TANG WenLin WAN XiaoYun WANG Yue XU ShengNian ZANG YunLong ZHANG HaiPeng LAU Yun-Kau NI Wei-Tou School of Physics The University of Western Australia State Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences The School of Physics & Electronic Engineering Shanxi University Laboratory of All-Solid-State Light Sources Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Science State Key Laboratroy of Modern Optical Instrumentation Department of Optical Engineering Zhejiang University Laboratory of Optical Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gravitational Wave and Cosmology Laboratory Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Department of Physics University of Florida Department of Physics West Virginia University National Astronomical Observatory of Japan CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research Curtin University SISSA Astrophysics Sector Institute of Applied Mathematics Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Morningside Center of Mathematics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Mathematics Henan University Department of Mathematics Capital Normal University Department of Geophysics College of the Geology Engineering and Geomatics Chang'an University QUEST Centre of Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research Leibniz Universitt Hannover Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik(Albert Einstein Institut) Aerospace Flight Dynamics Laboratory Beijing Aerospace Control Center Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Launch Vehicle Technology Center for Gravitation and Cosmology Department of Physics Tsing Hua University

In the centenary year of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, this paper reviews the current status of gravitational wave astronomy across a spectrum which stretches from attohertz to kilohertz frequencies. Sect. 1 of this paper reviews the historical development of gravitational wave astronomy from Einstein's first prediction to our current understanding the spectrum. It is shown that detection of signals in the audio frequency spectrum can be expected very soon, and that a north-south pair of next generation detectors would provide large scientific benefits. Sect. 2 reviews the theory of gravitational waves and the principles of detection using laser interferometry. The state of the art Advanced LIGO detectors are then described. These detectors have a high chance of detecting the first events in the near future. Sect. 3 reviews the KAGRA detector currently under development in Japan,which will be the first laser interferometer detector to use cryogenic test masses. Sect. 4 of this paper reviews gravitational wave detection in the nanohertz frequency band using the technique of pulsar timing. Sect. 5 reviews the status of gravitational wave detection in the attohertz frequency band, detectable in the polarisation of the cosmic microwave background, and discusses the prospects for detection of primordial waves from the big bang. The techniques described in sects. 1–5 have already placed significant limits on the strength of gravitational wave sources. Sects. 6 and 7 review ambitious plans for future space based gravitational wave detectors in the millihertz frequency band. Sect. 6 presents a roadmap for development of space based gravitational wave detectors by China while sect. 7 discusses a key enabling technology for space interferometry known as time delay interferometry.

关键词： gravitational waves ground based detectors pulsar timing spaced based detectors CMB

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2005-2015年凉山彝族自治州艾滋病抗病毒治疗患者生存时间及相关因素分析

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中华预防医学杂志 2020年第11期54卷 1237-1242页

作者：姜雪赵燕吉克春农许佳莉余刚俞海亮王菊赵德才廖强甘秀敏刘中夫北京市顺义区医院医院感染管理科北京101300 中国疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心北京102206 四川省凉山彝族自治州疾病预防控制中心西昌615000

目的分析四川省凉山州艾滋病抗病毒治疗患者接受抗病毒治疗后生存时间及影响因素。方法采用回顾性研究方法收集相关信息,选取国家艾滋病综合防治数据信息系统中的艾滋病患者为研究对象。纳入标准为:2005—2015年在凉山州接受抗病毒治疗... 详细信息

目的分析四川省凉山州艾滋病抗病毒治疗患者接受抗病毒治疗后生存时间及影响因素。方法采用回顾性研究方法收集相关信息,选取国家艾滋病综合防治数据信息系统中的艾滋病患者为研究对象。纳入标准为:2005—2015年在凉山州接受抗病毒治疗且年龄≥15周岁的HIV感染者/艾滋病患者,共14219例。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,进行抗病毒治疗患者生存时间的单因素分析,采用Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析。结果研究对象的年龄为(36.10±9.41)岁,其中男性10021例,占70.5%,感染途径以静脉吸毒为主(61.0%,8678例);至随访观察终止时间,依然在治者10001例(70.3%),死亡1425例(10.0%);Cox回归分析结果显示,女性[HR(95%CI值)=0.67(0.55~0.81)]、性感染途径[HR(95%CI值)=0.67(0.56~0.79)],CD4^+T淋巴细胞计数在200~350[HR(95%CI值)=0.41(0.35~0.47)]及≥350者[HR(95%CI值)=0.28(0.24~0.34)],是死亡的保护性因素,而开始治疗时患者临床分期Ⅱ期[HR(95%CI值)=0.70(0.58~0.84)],以及体重指数异常[HR(95%CI值)=1.75(1.50~2.03)]是死亡的危险因素(以上P值均<0.05)。结论早期进行抗病毒治疗对提高艾滋病抗病毒治疗效果有重要意义,应进一步加强HIV感染者/AIDS患者抗病毒治疗相关知识宣传教育,提高患者治疗依从性,还可通过营养支持的方式,增强患者体质,从而延长其生存时间,提高生存质量。

关键词： HIV 获得性免疫缺陷综合征性传播疾病,病毒性生存时间

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