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Effects of water-borne copper on the gills and hepatopancreas of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Integrative Zoology 2008年第4期3卷 299-310页

作者： Na LI Qiang MA Jian YANG yunlong zhao Jean-Claude BROCHON School of Life Science East China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries Freshwater Fisheries Research CenterChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesWuxiChina National Research Center Laboratory of Biotechnology and Application Genetic PharmacologyEcole Normale Supérieure CachanCachan cedexFrance

We focused on elucidating the toxic effects of water-borne copper on the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium *** seven days of exposure to copper(Cu2+)at concentrations ranging from 0.01 mg L–1 to 0.5 mg L–1,three isozymes,malate dehydrogenase,alkaline phosphatase and esterase,were analyzed and compared using polyacrylamide electrophoresis(PAGE)and biochemical *** results indicated that the electrophoretic patterns of the isozymes showed a copper-concentration-related *** doses of copper stimulated strong expression of the three *** patterns of malate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase gradually became weaker or even lost as the level of copper *** contrast,esterase patterns exhibited an increased molecular heterogeneity at higher copper concentrations.A transmission electron microscope was used to study ultrastructure differences in the gills and hepatopancreas of ***,and the results showed significant structural damage at increased levels of copper compared with the control *** basement mem-branes and mitochondira in the gills were seriously damaged,the cuticle electron density distribution was not homogeneous,and an infolded basement membrane,circularized nucleus,disintegrated nuclear membrane,and decreased mitochondria number and size were observed in the ***,flowing out of karyoplasms,partly falling microvilli,decreased mitochondrion,partly disappeared mitochondrial cristae,and a thinned matrix were observed in the *** findings indicate that exposure to elevated copper levels might damage the ultrastructure of the gills and hepatopancreas of *** and might further weaken their normal physical *** were quite sensitive to environmental stress and changes in isozyme elctrophoretic patterns might be effective biomarkers of environmental contamination.

关键词： copper gills hepatopancreas isozymes Macrobrachium rosenbergii polyacrylamide electrophoresis.

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High‑Energy and High‑Power Pseudocapacitor–Battery Hybrid Sodium‑Ion Capacitor with Na^(+) Intercalation Pseudocapacitance Anode

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第3期13卷 209-221页

作者： Qiulong Wei Qidong Li Yalong Jiang yunlong zhao Shuangshuang Tan Jun Dong Liqiang Mai Dong‑Liang Peng Department of Materials Science and Engineering Fujian Key Laboratory of Materials GenomeCollege of MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070People’s Republic of China Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055People’s Republic of China Advanced Technology Institute University of SurreyGuildford Surrey GU27XHUK

High-performance and low-cost sodium-ion capacitors(SICs)show tremendous potential applications in public transport and grid energy ***,conventional SICs are limited by the low specific capacity,poor rate capability,and low initial coulombic efficiency(ICE)of anode ***,we report layered iron vanadate(Fe5V15O39(OH)9·9H2O)ultrathin nanosheets with a thickness of~2.2 nm(FeVO UNSs)as a novel anode for rapid and reversible sodium-ion *** to in situ synchrotron X-ray diffractions and electrochemical analysis,the storage mechanism of FeVO UNSs anode is Na+intercalation pseudocapacitance under a safe potential *** FeVO UNSs anode delivers high ICE(93.86%),high reversible capacity(292 mAh g^−1),excellent cycling stability,and remarkable rate ***,a pseudocapacitor–battery hybrid SIC(PBH-SIC)consisting of pseudocapacitor-type FeVO UNSs anode and battery-type Na3(VO)2(PO4)2F cathode is assembled with the elimination of presodiation *** PBH-SIC involves faradaic reaction on both cathode and anode materials,delivering a high energy density of 126 Wh kg^−1 at 91 W kg^−1,a high power density of 7.6 kW kg^−1 with an energy density of 43 Wh kg−1,and 9000 stable *** tunable vanadate materials with high-performance Na+intercalation pseudocapacitance provide a direction for developing next-generation highenergy capacitors.

关键词： Sodium-ion capacitors Pseudocapacitance Hybrid capacitors Two-dimensional materials Iron vanadate

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Sisyphus effects in hydrogen electrochemistry on metal silicides enabled by silicene subunit edge

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Science Bulletin 2019年第9期64卷 617-624页

作者： Zechao Zhuang Yong Li Jiazhao Huang Zilan Li Kangning zhao yunlong zhao Lin Xu Liang Zhou Lyudmila V. Moskaleva Liqiang Mai State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing International School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of Technology Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology University of Bremen Advanced Technology Institute University of Surrey Department of Chemistry University of the Free State

Nonmetal elements strictly govern the electrochemical performance of molybdenum ***,the exact role played by nonmetals during electrocatalysis remains largely *** intermetallic MoSi_2comprising silicene subunits,we present an unprecedented hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)behavior in aqueous alkaline *** continuous operation,the HER activity of MoSi_2shows a more than one order of magnitude improvement in current density from 1.1 to 21.5 mA cm^(à2)at 0.4 V ***,this activation behavior is highly reversible,such that voltage withdrawal leads to catalyst inactivation but another operation causes ***,the system shows dynamics strikingly analogous to the legendary Sisyphus’labor,which drops and recovers in a stepwise manner repeatedly,but never succeeds in reaching the top of the *** WSi_2behaves almost the same as MoSi_2,whereas other metal silicides with silicyne subunits,including CrSi_2and TaSi_2,do not exhibit any anomalous behavior.A thin amorphous shell of MoSi_2is observed after reaction,within which the Si remains partially oxidized while the oxidation state of Mo is basically ***-principles calculations further reveal that the adsorption of hydroxide ions on silicene subunit edges and the subsequent Si vacancy formation in MoSi_2jointly lead to the anomalous HER kinetics of the adjacent Mo active *** work demonstrates that the role of nonmetal varies dramatically with the electronic and crystallographic structures of silicides and that silicene structural subunit may serve as a promoter for boosting HER in alkaline media.

关键词： Sisyphus effect Electrochemistry Metal silicides Silicene subunit Hydrogen evolution reaction

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Highly Integrated Perovskite Solar Cells-Based Photorechargeable System with Excellent Photoelectric Conversion and Energy Storage Ability

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第5期7卷 332-340页

作者： Jinxin Bi Shaoyin Li Dongtao Liu Bowei Li Kai Yang Ming Xu Chaopeng Fu yunlong zhao Wei Zhang Advanced Technology Institute University of SurreyGuildfordSurrey GU27XHUK School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Dyson School of Design Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72BXUK National Physical Laboratory TeddingtonMiddlesex TW110LWUK

Perovskite solar cells have emerged as a promising technology for renewable energy ***,the successful integration of perovskite solar cells with energy storage devices to establish high-efficiency and long-term stable photorechargeable systems remains a persistent *** such as electrical mismatch and restricted integration levels contribute to elevated internal resistance,leading to suboptimal overall efficiency(η_(overall))within photorechargeable ***,the compatibility of perovskite solar cells with electrolytes from energy storage devices poses another significant concern regarding their *** address these limitations,we demonstrate a highly integrated photorechargeable system that combines perovskite solar cells with a solid-state zinc-ion hybrid capacitor using a streamlined *** study employs a novel ultraviolet-cured ionogel electrolyte to prevent moisture-induced degradation of the perovskite layer in integrated photorechargeable system,enabling perovskite solar cells to achieve maximum power conversion efficiencies and facilitating the monolithic design of the system with minimal energy *** precisely matching voltages between the two modules and leveraging the superior energy storage efficiency,our integrated photorechargeable system achieves a remarkableηoverall of 10.01%while maintaining excellent cycling *** innovative design and the comprehensive investigations of the dynamic photocharging process in monolithic systems,not only offer a reliable and enduring power source but also provide guidelines for future development of self-power off-grid electronics.

关键词： ionogel electrolyte perovskite solar cells photorechargeable system self-powered electronics zinc-ion hybrid capacitor

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Towards Practical Application of Li-S Battery with High Sulfur Loading and Lean Electrolyte:Will Carbon-Based Hosts Win This Race?

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第9期15卷 384-422页

作者： Yi Gong Jing Li Kai Yang Shaoyin Li Ming Xu Guangpeng Zhang Yan Shi Qiong Cai Huanxin Li yunlong zhao Advanced Technology Institute University of SurreyGuildfordSurrey GU27XHUK Department of Chemical and Process Engineering University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Department of Chemistry Physical and Theoretical Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxford OX13QZUK Department of Engineering University of Cambridge9 JJ Thomson AvenueCambridge CB30FAUK State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha 410082HunanPeople’s Republic of China College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025People’s Republic of China

As the need for high-energy–density batteries continues to grow, lithium-sulfur(Li–S) batteries have become a highly promising next-generation energy solution due to their low cost and exceptional energy density compared to commercially available Li-ion batteries. Research into carbon-based sulfur hosts for Li–S batteries has been ongoing for over two decades, leading to a significant number of publications and ***, the commercialization of Li–S batteries has yet to be realized. This can be attributed, in part, to the instability of the Li metal anode. However, even when considering just the cathode side, there is still no consensus on whether carbon-based hosts will prove to be the best sulfur hosts for the industrialization of Li–S batteries. Recently, there has been controversy surrounding the use of carbon-based materials as the ideal sulfur hosts for practical applications of Li–S batteries under high sulfur loading and lean electrolyte conditions. To address this question, it is important to review the results of research into carbon-based hosts, assess their strengths and weaknesses, and provide a clear perspective. This review systematically evaluates the merits and mechanisms of various strategies for developing carbon-based host materials for high sulfur loading and lean electrolyte conditions. The review covers structural design and functional optimization strategies in detail, providing a comprehensive understanding of the development of sulfur hosts. The review also describes the use of efficient machine learning methods for investigating Li–S batteries. Finally, the outlook section lists and discusses current trends, challenges, and uncertainties surrounding carbon-based hosts, and concludes by presenting our standpoint and perspective on the subject.

关键词： Li-S batteries Carbon materials Structural design Functional modification Machine learning

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An Extended Application form of Mobile Computing ── Augmented Reality

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High Technology Letters 2001年第2期7卷 39-41页

作者：杨孝宗 Sch. of Computer Sci. and Technol. Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China

With the rapid developments of wireless communication and microelectronic technology, the bandwidth of wireless communication is becoming wider than ever, up to 100Gbps and the computer can be designed as small as a match with powerful computing and controlling capability. These rapid developments have extended the mobile computing. There are many application forms of mobile computing, such as mobile databases, mobile data management, wearable computing etc. A great branch of mobile computing, Augmented Reality (AR), which is the combination of mobile computing and wearable computers was discussed.

关键词： Mobile computing Wireless communication Wearable computer Augmented reality Contextual awareness Bluetooth HomeRF

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Industrial-scale investigations on effects of tertiary-air declination angle on combustion and steam temperature characteristics in a 350-MW supercritical down-fired boiler

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Frontiers in Energy 2021年第1期15卷 132-142页

作者： Xiaoguang LI Lingyan ZENG Hongye LIU Yao LI Yifu LI yunlong zhao Bo JIAO Minhang SONG Shaofeng ZHANG Zhichao CHEN Zhengqi LI School of Energy Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Guizhou Wanfeng Electric Power Co. Ltd.Xingyi 562400China Guizhou Xingyi Project Department Huadian United(Beijing)Power Engineering Co.Ltd.Xingyi 562400China

Industrial-scale experiments were conducted to study the effects of tertiary air declination angle(TDA)on the coal combustion and steam temperature characteristics in the first 350-MW supercritical down-fired boiler in China with the multiple-injection and multiple-staging combustion(MIMSC)technology at medium and high *** experimental results indicated that as the TDA increased from 0°to 15°,the overall gas temperature in the lower furnace rose and the symmetry of temperature field was *** ignition distance of the fuel-rich coal/air flow *** near-burner region,the concentration of O2 decreased while the concentrations of CO and NO *** concentration of NO decreased in near-tertiary-air *** carbon in fly ash decreased significantly from 8.40%to 6.45%at a load of 260 *** a TDA of 15°,the ignition distances were the shortest(2.07 m and 1.73 m)at a load of 210 MW and 260 MW,*** main and reheat steam temperatures were the highest(557.2℃ and 559.4℃ at a load of 210 MW,558.4℃ and 560.3℃ at a load of 260 MW).The carbon in fly ash was the lowest(4.83%)at a load of 210 *** changing the TDA from 15°to 25°,the flame kernel was found to move downward and the main and reheat steam temperatures dropped *** change of TDA has little effect on NO_(x) emissions(660–681 mg/m^(3) at 6%O_(2)).In comprehensive consideration of the pulverized coal combustion characteristics and the unit economic performance,an optimal TDA of 15°is recommended.

关键词： supercritical down-fired boiler industrialscale experiment tertiary air declination angle coal combustion steamtemperature

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MoS2/MnO2 heterostructured nanodevices for electro- chemical energy storage

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Nano Research 2018年第4期11卷 2083-2092页

作者： Xiaobin Liao yunlong zhao Junhui Wang Wei Yang Lin Xu Xiaocong Tian Yi Shuang Kwadwo Asare Owusu Mengyu Yan Liqiang Mai State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA

Hybrid or composite heterostructured electrode materials have been widely studied for their potential application in electrochemical energy storage. Whereas their physical or chemical properties could be affected significantly by modulating the heterogeneous interface, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In this work, we fabricated an electrochemical energy storage device with a MoS2 nanosheet/MnO2 nanowire heterostructure and designed two charge/discharge channels to study the effect of the heterogeneous interface on the energy storage performances. Electrochemical measurements show that a capadty improvement of over 50% is achieved when the metal current collector was in contact with the MnO2 instead of the MoS2 side. We propose that this enhancement is due to the unidirectional conductivity of the MoS2/MnO2 heterogeneous interface, resulting from the unimpeded electrical transport in the MnO2-MoS2 channel along with the blocking effect on the electron transport in the MoS2-MnO2 channel, which leads to reaction kinetics optimization. The present study thus provides important insights that will improve our understanding of heterostructured electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage.

关键词： energy storage nanoscale device heterostructure electrochemical performance electrical transport

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Degradation Diagnostics from the Subsurface of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2022年第2期5卷 662-669页

作者： Xuhui Yao Tomas Samoril JiriDluhos John F.Watts Zhijia Du Bohang Song SRavi P.Silva Tan Sui yunlong zhao Advanced Technology Institute University of SurreyGuildford Surrey GU27XHUK TESCAN ORSAY HOLDING a.s.Libusina tr.21Brno 62300Czech Republic Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences University of SurreyGuildford Surrey GU27XHUK Energy and Transportation Science Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge TN 37830USA Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge TN 37830USA National Physical Laboratory Teddington Middlesex TW110LWUK

Despite the long-established rocking-chair theory of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),developing novel characterization methodology with higher spatiotemporal resolution facilitates a better understanding of the solid electrolyte interphase studies to shape the reaction *** this work,we develop a Xenon ion plasma focused ion beam(Xe+PFIB)-based characterization technique to probe the cross-sectional interface of both ternary cathode and graphite anode electrodes,with the focus on revealing the chemical composition and distribution underneath the electrode surface by in-depth analysis of secondary ***,the lithium fluoride is detected in the pristine cathode prior to contact with the electrolyte,reflecting that the electrode degradation is in the form of the loss of lithium inventory during electrode *** degradation is related to the hydrolysis of the cathode material and the decomposition of the PVDF *** the quantitative analysis of the transition-metal degradation products,manganese is found to be the dominant element in the newly formed inactive fluoride deposition on the cathode,while no transition metal signal can be found inside the anode *** insights at high resolution implemented via a PFIB-based characterization technique not only enrich the understanding of the degradation mechanism in the LIBs but also identify and enable a high-sensitivity methodology to obtain the chemical survey at the subsurface,which will help remove the capacity-fade observed in most LIBs.

关键词： degradation lithium-ion battery mass spectrometry plasma focused ion beam subsurface

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Assessment of macrobenthic community function and ecological quality after reclamation in the Changjiang(Yangtze)River Estuary wetland

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2022年第11期41卷 96-107页

作者： Yinying Huang Yingying Huang Xinglin Du Yiming Li Jiangtao Tian Qiang Chen Youhui Huang Weiwei Lv Ying Yang Zhiquan Liu yunlong zhao State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China School of Life Science East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China School of Life and Environmental Sciences Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 310018China Shanghai Runzhuang Agricultural Science and Technology Co. LtdShanghai 201400China

An ecological optimization project(semi-closed reclamation project)was implemented to control the invasion of Spartina alterniflora,and optimize the habitat of the Chongming Dongtan wetland,in the Changjiang(Yangtze)River *** project implementation,a macrobenthic ecological survey was conducted in a natural tidal flat and a semi-closed reclamation restoration area within the Chongming Dongtan wetland from 2019 to *** with historical data before reclamation,findings showed that the groups,numbers,and species diversity of the macrobenthos increased significantly,and the ecological optimization project resulted in good ecological *** addition,compared to the natural tidal flat,the number of collected macrobenthic phyla,and the macrobenthic density and biomass were significantly lower in the restoration ***,the biodiversity index and functional redundancy of natural tidal flats were generally higher,indicating that the community composition and function of natural tidal flats were relatively more *** though the species composition differed between a number of restoration areas and natural tidal flats,there was no difference in functional diversity,indicating that the effect of restoring ecological functions in restoration areas was *** them,the biodiversity and functional redundancy of Site S2 were significantly reduced,and the ecosystem function was extremely *** heterogeneity,vegetation community and decreasing salinity were the main factors that affected the ecological functions of *** ecological quality was also evaluated;the Transects N3 and N4 showed good *** overall ecological quality of the restoration area was generally high,but that of Site S2 was poor and that of Site S2E was merely good,which was mainly due to modifications of the ecological function of *** is suggested that reeds mowing and freshwater species release should be adopted in restoration area

关键词： macrobenthos ecological optimization project semi-closed reclamation community restoration functional diversity ecological health

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