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Trophic niche and adaptation in highland lizards:sex has greater influences than species matching

Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 564-576页

作者： Shengnan YANG Jiapeng QU Ke TANG xinquan zhao Huakun ZHOU Junhua HU Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Region Northwest lnstitute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Qinghai University XiningChina

The plateau environments are typically arid,cool,and high altitude,posing formidable challenges to wildlife survival due to resource scarcity and harsh *** ecological adaptability in severe conditions requires a deeper understanding of the niche characteristics of plateau *** niche,which is a comprehensive indicator describing the energy acquisition strategy of animals,remains relatively understudied in plateau ***,by combining stable isotopes and morphological data,we quantified the trophic niches of two allopatric lizard species(Phrynocephalus vlangalii and ***)that live in the hinterland of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau,and explored how their trophic niches correlate with morphological and environmental *** both trophic niche and morphological traits were similar between species,noteworthy distinctions were observed between male and female Phrynocephalus *** morphological traits associated with predation(*** length and head size)and reproduction(*** length),annual mean temperature,and sex played influential roles in shifting trophic *** results imply that sexual dimorphism may facilitate inter-sex divergence in resource utilization,leading to trophic niche variations in the highland ***,extreme environmental stress can constrain interspecific divergence in morphological and trophic *** findings illustrate the dynamic variations of trophic niches in highland lizards,contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the adaptation strategies employed by lizard species in plateau environments.

关键词： environmental adaptation Phrynocephalus Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau sexual dimorphism stable isotope

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跨境电子商务零售出口税收政策与电子商务企业出口规模——基于微观企业的实证检验

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国际税收 2024年第7期 70-81页

作者：丁树王惠敏赵新泉广东金融学院国家金融学学院商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院

本文以2014年开始实施的跨境电子商务零售出口税收政策作为准自然试验,采用双重差分方法考察增值税、消费税退(免)税政策对电子商务企业出口的影响。研究发现,跨境电子商务零售出口税收政策显著扩大了电子商务企业出口规模,这一结论在... 详细信息

本文以2014年开始实施的跨境电子商务零售出口税收政策作为准自然试验,采用双重差分方法考察增值税、消费税退(免)税政策对电子商务企业出口的影响。研究发现,跨境电子商务零售出口税收政策显著扩大了电子商务企业出口规模,这一结论在替换变量、排除其他政策干扰、构造匹配样本、处理政策外溢和规模低估问题后仍维持稳健。基于研究结论,本文提出充分发挥税收资源配置职能、针对企业营利机制优化政策体系、加强知识产权保护等政策建议。

关键词：跨境电子商务税收政策企业出口

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Leaf photosynthesis and simulated carbon budget of Gentiana straminea from a decade-long warming experiment

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2009年第4期2卷 207-216页

作者： Haihua Shen Julia AKlein xinquan zhao Yanhong Tang Environmental Biology Division National Institute for Environmental StudiesOnogawa 16-2TsukubaIbaraki305-8506Japan Department of Forest Rangeland&Watershed StewardshipColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesXiningQinghaiChina

Aims Alpine ecosystems may experience larger temperature increases due to global warming as compared with lowland *** on physiological adjustment of alpine plants to temperature changes can provide insights into our understanding how these plants are responding to current and future *** tested the hypothesis that alpine plants would exhibit acclimation in photosynthesis and respiration under long-term elevated temperature,and the acclimation may relatively increase leaf carbon gain under warming *** Open-top chambers(OTCs)were set up for a period of 11 years to artificially increase the temperature in an alpine meadow *** measured leaf photosynthesis and dark respiration under different light,temperature and ambient CO_(2)concentrations for Gentiana straminea,a species widely distributed on the Tibetan *** rates of the photosynthetic electron transport(J_(max)),RuBP carboxylation(V_(cmax))and temperature sensitivity of respiration Q10 were obtained from the *** further estimated the leaf carbon budget of *** using the physiological parameters and environmental variables obtained in the *** findings 1)The OTCs consistently elevated the daily mean air temperature by;1.6℃and soil temperature by;0.5℃during the growing season.2)Despite the small difference in the temperature environment,there was strong tendency in the temperature acclimation of *** estimated temperature optimum of light-saturated photosynthetic CO_(2)uptake(A_(max))shifted;1℃higher from the plants under the ambient regime to those under the OTCs warming regime,and the Amax was significantly lower in the warming-acclimated leaves than the leaves outside the OTCs.3)Temperature acclimation of respiration was large and significant:the dark respiration rates of leaves developed in the warming regime were significantly lower than leaves from the ambient environments.4)The simulated net leaf carbon gain

关键词： alpine plant acclimation experimental warming open-top chamber photosynthesis temperature

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The plateau pika has multiple benefits for alpine grassland ecosystem in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2020年第1期6卷 677-680,676页

作者： xinquan zhao Liang zhao Tianwei Xu Shixiao Xu Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina

The plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)has been engaged in pest control for many years based on the logic that the plateau pika is responsible for alpine grassland degradation and competes with livestock for forage ***,the plateau pika is an important species which has multiple benefits in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,as it(i)makes burrows that are the primary homes for lizards and a variety of small birds;(ii)creates microhabitat disturbance that promotes the increase of plant species richness;(iii)serves as the principal prey for almost all of the plateau predator species;and(iv)contributes positively to the dynamic equilibriumof alpine ecosystems.

关键词： Plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae) grassland ecosystem plant biodiversity predator pest control

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Foreword to the special issue:looking into the impacts of global warming from the roof of the world

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2009年第4期2卷 169-171页

作者： Yanhong Tang Shiqiang Wan Jinsheng He xinquan zhao National Institute for Environmental Studies Onogawa 16-2Tsukuba 305-8506Japan State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences20 NanxincunXiangshanBeijing 100093BeijingChina Department of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences59 Xiguan StreetXiningQinghai 810008China

To most people,the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is a place full of *** is also mysterious to many *** vast central Asian plateau lies at an average elevation>4000 m and covers about 370 million *** the highest range of elevations of any ecosystem in the world makes the plateau unique even among alpine ecosystems due to the presence of extreme abiotic environments:the lowest atmospheric pressure and thus,the lowest partial pressures of CO_(2) and O_(2),low temperatures and high levels of radiation,including high ultraviolet radiation.

关键词： plateau warming environments

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cDNA cloning and expression of erythropoietin in the plateau zokor(Myospalax baileyi) from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第9期57卷 997-1006页

作者： WANG ZhenLong CHEN Yan YANG Jie CHEN WeiJun ZHANG YanMing zhao xinquan Department of Bioengineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810001 China Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Epidemiology and Statistics School of Public Health Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017 China

All organisms respond to variation in their environments and manage environmental stress through metabolic *** plateau zokor(Myospalax baileyi) is an endemic and keystone subterranean rodent species that inhabits the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau between 2800 and 4200 m above sea *** is a hypoxic-tolerant mammal with a high ratio of oxygen utilization that enables it to cope with its harsh *** explore the molecular mechanism of altitude acclimatization of the plateau zokor,we cloned the zokor erythropoietin(Epo) gene and used real-time PCR to compare Epo mRNA levels in zokors inhabiting 16 different *** full-length zokor Epo open reading frame was 579 bp that encoded a precursor peptide of 192 amino acids with a signal peptide of 26 *** Epo gene of the plateau zokor was 81%-95% homologous to that of human,mouse,rat,root vole and the Golan Heights blind mole rat,with the highest homology(95%) to species of the genus *** mRNA was detected mainly in the zokor kidney and spleen among 8 selected *** level of Epo mRNA increased in the liver and kidney with increases in *** increase in the kidney was 5 times that in the ***,expression of Epo mRNA in the kidney of zokors living at the highest altitude(4268 m) was 12-fold higher than that of zokors living at the lowest(2492 m) *** findings provide essential information for understanding the possible role of Epo in adaptation to hypoxia in the plateau zokor.

关键词：促红细胞生成素高原鼢鼠克隆和表达青藏高原 cDNA mRNA水平环境压力基因检测

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放牧家畜组合对高寒草地植物群落特征及生产力的影响

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生态学杂志 2024年第1期43卷 57-65页

作者：刘玉祯刘文亭杨晓霞冯斌孙彩彩李彩弟赵新全董全民青海大学畜牧兽医科学院青海省高寒草地适应性管理重点实验室西宁810016 青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室西宁810018

为明晰中等放牧强度下不同放牧家畜组合如何调控高寒草地地上净初级生产力,进而提高高寒草地管理水平,本研究以青藏高原东端高寒草地为对象,设置中等放牧强度下不同放牧家畜组合样地(牦牛、藏羊单独放牧及1∶2混合放牧)和不放牧样地,分... 详细信息

为明晰中等放牧强度下不同放牧家畜组合如何调控高寒草地地上净初级生产力,进而提高高寒草地管理水平,本研究以青藏高原东端高寒草地为对象,设置中等放牧强度下不同放牧家畜组合样地(牦牛、藏羊单独放牧及1∶2混合放牧)和不放牧样地,分析了不同放牧家畜组合下高寒草地植物群落特征、土壤理化性质及地上净初级生产力变化。结果表明:不同放牧家畜组合对物种丰富度与多样性指数无显著影响,但显著降低高寒草地植物群落的高度与盖度,并改变功能群重要值占比;藏羊单独放牧显著增加高寒草地土壤速效氮、磷含量以及土壤容重;放牧弱化高寒草地植物多样性对地上净初级生产力的调控作用并加强土壤环境因子的作用强度;牦牛、藏羊混合放牧时高寒草地地上净初级生产力、家畜采食量均最高。为提升高寒草地管理水平,建议基于中等放牧强度进行牦牛、藏羊适宜比例的混合放牧,采用植被-家畜-土壤耦合管理方式以实现高寒草地生态功能维持与可持续利用。

关键词：草食动物组合高寒草地地上净初级生产力中度放牧植物群落组成

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Rewilding the wildlife in Sangjiangyuan National Park,Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2020年第1期6卷 529-531,528页

作者： xinquan zhao Tianwei Xu Jacob Ellis Fuquan He Linyong Hu Qi Li Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina International Education Exchange Center Qinghai Normal UniversityXiningChina

The targets of China’s national park construction are to protect the authenticity and integrity of the ecosystems,and to achieve the harmonious development between humans and *** of the high intensity of human activities,the authenticity of ecosystems has deviated over the past few *** is time to rewild the wildlife and restore the authenticity of these *** status of rewilding wildlife in Sanjiangyuan National Park,indicating that the wildlife population,diversity and wildness have increased within the National *** wildlife population in the national park has been restored,with about 60,000 Tibetan antelope,60,000 Tibetan gazelle,36,000 Tibetan wild ass,10,000 wild yak,and 10,000 white-lipped deer up to ***,overgrazing existed on the alpine grassland with population increasing both of ungulates and livestock.

关键词： Wildlife rewilding conservation Sanjiangyuan National Park

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Comparative study of the net exchange of CO_(2) in 3 types of vegetation ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第16期50卷 1767-1774页

作者： zhao Liang LI Yingnian zhao xinquan XU Shixiao TANG Yanhong YU Guirui GU Song DU Mingyuan WANG Qinxue Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810001 China National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Ibaraki3050053 Japan Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Beijing 100101 China National Institute for Agro-Environmental Science Tsukuba Ibaraki 3058604 Japan

Using the eddy covariance method,from 1 July2003 to 30 June 2004, we conducted the observation andanalysis of ecosystem CO2 flux in 3 types of alpine meadowvegetation (Kobresia humilis, Potentilla fruticosa shrub andKobresia tibetica swamp meadows) on the Qinghai-TibetanPlateau. The results show that the Kobresia humilis meadow,the shrub meadow and the swamp meadow’s highest CO2uptake rates are 16.78, 10.42 and 16.57 μmol·m?2·s?1respectively, while their highest CO2 release rates are 8.22,7.73 and 18.67 μmol·m?2·s?1 respectively. The Kobresiahumilis meadow and shrub meadow’s annual atmosphericuptakes are 282 g CO2/m2 and 53 g CO2/m2, respectively,while swamp meadow’s annual atmospheric release is 478 gCO2/m2. This proves that the Kobresia humilis meadow andthe shrub meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau haverelatively low potential for CO2 uptake and release comparedto C4 grasslands, a number of lowland grasslands, andforests. Moreover, swamp meadow has relatively high releasepotential. This, in turn, reveals clear differences in carbonsource/sink between different types of vegetation in theQinghai-Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow ecosystem. Thesedifferences are mainly brought by differences in thevegetations’ photosynthetic capacity and soil respiration.

关键词：青藏高原植被生态系统二氧化碳

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STABILITY OF ALPINE MEADOW ECOSYSTEM ON THE QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第3期51卷 320-327页

作者： ZHOU Huakun ZHOU Li zhao xinquan LIU Wei LI Yingnian GU Song ZHOU Xinmin Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810001 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The meadow ecosystem on the Qing- hai-Tibetan Plateau is considered to be sensitive to climate change. An understanding of the alpine meadow ecosystem is therefore important for pre- dicting the response of ecosystems to climate change. In this study, we use the coefficients of variation (Cv) and stability (E) obtained from the Haibei Alpine Meadow Ecosystem Research Station to characterize the ecosystem stability. The results suggest that the net primary production of the alpine meadow eco- system was more stable (Cv = 13.18%) than annual precipitation (Cv = 16.55%) and annual mean air temperature (Cv = 28.82%). The net primary produc- tion was insensitive to either the precipitation (E = 0.0782) or air temperature (E = 0.1113). In summary, the alpine meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau is much stable. Comparison of alpine meadow ecosystem stability with other five natural grassland ecosystems in Israel and southern African indicates that the alpine meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is the most stable ecosys- tem. The alpine meadow ecosystem with relatively simple structure has high stability, which indicates that community stability is not only correlated with biodiversity and community complicity but also with environmental stability. An average oscillation cycles of 3―4 years existed in annual precipitation, annual mean air temperature, net primary production and the population size of consumers at the Haibei natural ecosystem. The high stability of the alpine meadow ecosystem may be resulting also from the adaptation of the ecosystem to the alpine environment.

关键词：高山草甸生态系统生态稳定性变异系数生态多样性青藏高原

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