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Distribution assessment of soil erosion with revised RUSLE model in Tianshan Mountains

Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第3期21卷 850-866页

作者： WEI wenyu LIU Ya zhang lixia LI Lanhai State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Reaserch Center of Educational in Xinjiang Xinjiang Normal UniversityUrumqi 830017China

aSoil degradation caused by soil erosion is one of the world's most critical environmental *** erosion in the Tianshan Mountains has caused various environmental problems in the surrounding *** study used remote sensing data to analyze the distribution of the factors influencing soil erosion,and the revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE)to calculate the total amount and distribution characteristics of soil erosion in the Tianshan Mountains in *** to the large error of RUSLE in soil erosion estimation in mountainous areas,this study modified RUSLE equation based on the characteristics of snow cover in the Tianshan *** results show that the average soil erosion was 1690.3 t/(km^(2)·year),of which insignificant erosion,slight erosion and moderate erosion accounted for 42,8%,22.4%and 9.9%,*** erosion and above accounted for 13.3%.The accuracy of the soil erosion modulus calculated by the RUSLE was only 61.9%,with an average error of 1631.9 t/(km^(2)·year).The average error of the double-coefficient correction method was 1259.1 t/(km^(2)·year),and the average error of the modified formula method was reduced by 40.3%compared with the RUSLE,reaching 973.7 t/(km^(2)·year),and its accuracy reached 76.2%.Very severe erosion and catastrophic erosion are distributed on mountain ridges with higher elevation and on the northern area with higher *** cover has a certain inhibitory effect on soil erosion,and snow cover in alpine mountains is a factor that cannot be ignored in soil erosion research.

关键词： RUSLE Snow cover Erosion categories High-elevation area

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Assessing the Performance of CMIP6 Models in Simulating Droughts across Global Drylands

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 193-208页

作者： Xiaojing YU lixia zhang Tianjun ZHOU Jianghua ZHENG LASG Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Geography&Remote Sensing Sciences Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China

Both the attribution of historical change and future projections of droughts rely heavily on climate modeling. However,reasonable drought simulations have remained a challenge, and the related performances of the current state-of-the-art Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6) models remain unknown. Here, both the strengths and weaknesses of CMIP6 models in simulating droughts and corresponding hydrothermal conditions in drylands are *** the general patterns of simulated meteorological elements in drylands resemble the observations, the annual precipitation is overestimated by ~33%(with a model spread of 2.3%–77.2%), along with an underestimation of potential evapotranspiration(PET) by ~32%(17.5%–47.2%). The water deficit condition, measured by the difference between precipitation and PET, is 50%(29.1%–71.7%) weaker than observations. The CMIP6 models show weaknesses in capturing the climate mean drought characteristics in drylands, particularly with the occurrence and duration largely underestimated in the hyperarid Afro-Asian areas. Nonetheless, the drought-associated meteorological anomalies, including reduced precipitation, warmer temperatures, higher evaporative demand, and increased water deficit conditions, are reasonably reproduced. The simulated magnitude of precipitation(water deficit) associated with dryland droughts is overestimated by 28%(24%) compared to observations. The observed increasing trends in drought fractional area,occurrence, and corresponding meteorological anomalies during 1980–2014 are reasonably reproduced. Still, the increase in drought characteristics, associated precipitation and water deficit are obviously underestimated after the late 1990s,especially for mild and moderate droughts, indicative of a weaker response of dryland drought changes to global warming in CMIP6 models. Our results suggest that it is imperative to employ bias correction approaches in drought-related studies over drylands by using CMIP6 o

关键词： droughts hydrothermal conditions drylands CMIP6 model evaluation

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Preface to the Special Issue on Causes, Impacts, and Predictability of Droughts for the Past, Present, and Future

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 191-192页

作者： Tianbao ZHAO Aiguo DAI Jianping HUANG lixia zhang Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100029China Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences University at AlbanySUNYAlbanyNew York 80307USA Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Drought is a recurring dry condition with below-normal precipitation and is often associated with warm temperatures or heatwaves. A drought event can develop slowly over several weeks or suddenly within days, commonly under abnormal atmospheric conditions(e.g., quasi-stationary high-pressure systems), and can persist for weeks, months, or even years.

关键词： drought within suddenly

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2023: Weather and Climate Extremes Hitting the Globe with Emerging Features

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1001-1016页

作者： Wenxia zhang Robin CLARK Tianjun ZHOU Laurent LI Chao LI Juan RIVERA lixia zhang Kexin GUI Tingyu zhang Lan LI Rongyun PAN Yongjun CHEN Shijie TANG Xin HUANG Shuai HU State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter EX13PBUK University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique CNRSSorbonne UniversitéEcole Normale SupérieureEcole PolytechniqueParis 75230France Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Hamburg 20146Germany Instituto Argentino de Nivología Glaciología Y Ciencias Ambientales(IANIGLA)CCT CONICETMendoza CP 5500Argentina Shanghai Typhoon Institute China Meteorological AdministrationShanghai 200030China Asia-Pacific Typhoon Collaborative Research Center Shanghai 201306China

Globally,2023 was the warmest observed year on record since at least 1850 and,according to proxy evidence,possibly of the past 100000 *** in recent years,the record warmth has again been accompanied with yet more extreme weather and climate events throughout the ***,we provide an overview of those of 2023,with details and key background causes to help build upon our understanding of the roles of internal climate variability and anthropogenic climate *** also highlight emerging features associated with some of these extreme *** extremes are occurring earlier in the year,and increasingly simultaneously in differing parts of the world(e.g.,the concurrent hot extremes in the Northern Hemisphere in July 2023).Intense cyclones are exacerbating precipitation extremes(e.g.,the North China flooding in July and the Libya flooding in September).Droughts in some regions(e.g.,California and the Horn of Africa)have transitioned into flood *** extremes also show increasing interactions with ecosystems via wildfires(e.g.,those in Hawaii in August and in Canada from spring to autumn 2023)and sandstorms(e.g.,those in Mongolia in April 2023).Finally,we also consider the challenges to research that these emerging characteristics present for the strategy and practice of adaptation.

关键词： weather and climate extremes temperature extremes extreme precipitation drought wildfires

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Interdecadal variability of summer precipitation in the Three River Source Region: Influences of SST and zonal shifts of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2024年第5期17卷 47-53页

作者： Yumeng Liu Xianhong Meng Lin Zhao S-Y.Simon Wang lixia zhang Zhaoguo Li Chan Wang Yingying An Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina Zoige Plateau Wetlands Ecosystem Research Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Utah Climate Center Utah State UniversityLoganUSA The State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Summer precipitation in the Three Rivers Source Region(TRSR)of China is vital for the headwaters of the Yellow,Yangtze,and Lancang rivers and exhibits significant interdecadal *** study investigates the influence of the East Asian westerly jet(EAWJ)on TRSR rainfall.A strong correlation is found between TRSR summer precipitation and the Jet Zonal Position Index(JZPI)of the EAWJ from 1961 to 2019(R=0.619,p<0.01).During periods when a positive JZPI indicates a westward shift in the EAWJ,enhanced water vapor anomalies,warmer air,and low-level convergence anomalies contribute to increased TRSR summer *** empirical orthogonal function and regression analyses,this research identifies the influence of large-scale circulation anomalies associated with the Atlantic–Eurasian teleconnection(AEA)from the North Atlantic(NA).The interdecadal variability between the NA and central tropical Pacific(CTP)significantly affects TRSR *** influence is mediated through the AEA via a Rossby wave train extending eastward along the EAWJ,and another south of 45°***,the NA–CTP Opposite Phase Index(OPI),which quantifies the difference between the summer mean sea surface temperatures of the NA and the CTP,is identified as a critical factor in modulating the strength of this teleconnection and influencing the zonal position of the EAWJ.

关键词： Summer precipitation East Asian subtropical westerly jet Three River Source Region Atlantic-Eurasian teleconnection

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重载铁路隧道衬砌病害套衬整治关键技术及应用

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铁道建筑 2024年第6期64卷 114-118页

作者：张丽霞大秦铁路股份有限公司大同工务段山西大同037005

为解决重载铁路隧道衬砌空洞、剥落掉块等问题,提出适用于重载铁路衬砌病害整治的套衬技术,即波纹板套衬和钢拱架套衬。依托大秦铁路和尚坪隧道衬砌病害整治项目,从套衬结构设计、防腐处理、施工工艺等方面进行论述,建立数值模型对套衬... 详细信息

为解决重载铁路隧道衬砌空洞、剥落掉块等问题,提出适用于重载铁路衬砌病害整治的套衬技术,即波纹板套衬和钢拱架套衬。依托大秦铁路和尚坪隧道衬砌病害整治项目,从套衬结构设计、防腐处理、施工工艺等方面进行论述,建立数值模型对套衬加固效果进行分析,并论述了波纹板套衬和钢拱架套衬结构性能及适用性。结果表明:两种套衬方案均可增加隧道衬砌的承载能力,适用于大秦铁路隧道衬砌病害整治;波纹板套衬抗弯刚度较钢拱架套衬大;钢拱架套衬施工效率和经济效益大于波纹板套衬。

关键词：重载铁路隧道隧道套衬数值分析波纹板钢拱架

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基于“亢害承制”阐释视网膜微环境缺氧对青光眼视网膜神经节细胞凋亡的影响

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中华中医药杂志 2024年第3期39卷 1144-1149页

作者：陈爽张丽霞中国中医科学院眼科医院北京100040 中国中医科学院北京100700

青光眼是全球首位不可逆性致盲性眼病,视网膜神经节细胞(RGCs)凋亡是造成视野缺损的关键,而视网膜微环境缺氧被认为是青光眼RGCs凋亡的早期和突出事件。“亢害承制”理论是中医学阐明生理制化、病理失衡及指导调燮用药的重要法则,体现... 详细信息

青光眼是全球首位不可逆性致盲性眼病,视网膜神经节细胞(RGCs)凋亡是造成视野缺损的关键,而视网膜微环境缺氧被认为是青光眼RGCs凋亡的早期和突出事件。“亢害承制”理论是中医学阐明生理制化、病理失衡及指导调燮用药的重要法则,体现了事物承制自稳的内在调控机制。天人相应,机体需依赖承制规律维持脏腑调和的稳态。“承制不及,亢而为害”贯穿青光眼RGCs凋亡全过程。脾气亏虚,承制不及,失于维持视网膜氧化还原系统动态平衡,则气血失和,浊瘀内生,亢而为害,壅塞目络,表现为细胞内氧自由基蓄积,视网膜组织缺氧,RGCs凋亡。故结合青光眼气虚为本、浊瘀为标的特点,以“承而制之,平其所亢”为治则,遣选方药以壮水制火、升阳健脾、宣闭通络,可有效恢复脏腑承制功能以祛邪外出,改善组织缺氧,抑制RGCs凋亡,提高视功能。

关键词：亢害承制青光眼缺氧视网膜神经节细胞病机治则

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参苓白术散合消瘰丸加减对脾虚痰聚型腺样体肥大患儿生活质量及血清炎症因子的影响

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中医杂志 2024年第6期65卷 594-599页

作者：张丽霞张娟易辉平江西省新余市中医院江西省新余市338000

目的观察参苓白术散合消瘰丸加减治疗儿童腺样体肥大脾虚痰聚型的临床疗效并探讨其可能机制。方法130例脾虚痰聚型腺样体肥大患儿随机分为观察组和对照组各65例。对照组予糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂,每个鼻孔各喷1掀,每日1次;观察组予参苓白术... 详细信息

目的观察参苓白术散合消瘰丸加减治疗儿童腺样体肥大脾虚痰聚型的临床疗效并探讨其可能机制。方法130例脾虚痰聚型腺样体肥大患儿随机分为观察组和对照组各65例。对照组予糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂,每个鼻孔各喷1掀,每日1次;观察组予参苓白术散合消瘰丸加减方口服,每日1剂,两组均治疗8周。比较两组治疗前后电子鼻咽镜评分、特异性生活质量调查量表(OSA-18)评分、中医症状总积分及血清半胱氨酸白三烯(CysLTs)、白细胞介素2(IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)水平,治疗后判定临床疗效。结果治疗后两组患儿电子鼻咽镜评分、OSA-18评分、中医症状总积分及血清CysLTs、IL-2、TNF-α水平均较治疗前降低,IL-10水平升高(P<0.01)。治疗后两组间比较,观察组电子鼻咽镜评分、OSA-18评分、中医症状总积分及血清CysLTs、IL-2、TNF-α水平低于对照组,IL-10水平高于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组总有效率为95.38%(62/65),对照组为81.54%(53/65),观察组临床疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论参苓白术散合消瘰丸加减治疗脾虚痰聚型腺样体肥大患儿可促进症状改善,提高生活质量及临床疗效,其机制可能与减轻炎症反应有关。

关键词：腺样体肥大脾虚痰聚参苓白术散消瘰丸炎症因子生活质量

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有氧糖酵解在皮肤纤维化疾病中的作用研究进展

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中华烧伤与创面修复杂志 2024年第4期40卷 389-394页

作者：张丽霞胡大海空军军医大学第一附属医院全军烧伤中心烧伤与皮肤外科西安710032

皮肤纤维化疾病主要包括增生性瘢痕、瘢痕疙瘩及系统性硬化病等,其主要病理特点为成纤维细胞过度激活和细胞外基质异常沉积。近年来研究表明,有氧糖酵解与皮肤纤维化疾病的发生与发展密切相关,以有氧糖酵解为治疗靶点的药物为皮肤抗纤... 详细信息

皮肤纤维化疾病主要包括增生性瘢痕、瘢痕疙瘩及系统性硬化病等,其主要病理特点为成纤维细胞过度激活和细胞外基质异常沉积。近年来研究表明,有氧糖酵解与皮肤纤维化疾病的发生与发展密切相关,以有氧糖酵解为治疗靶点的药物为皮肤抗纤维化治疗提供了新的思路。该文就有氧糖酵解相关酶和产物在皮肤纤维化疾病发生与发展中的作用及靶向有氧糖酵解治疗皮肤纤维化疾病的药物进行综述。

关键词：瘢痕皮肤疾病糖酵解纤维化成纤维细胞

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预期治理：公共管理研究的新视角

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中国行政管理 2024年第8期 45-55页

作者：朱亚鹏张丽霞中山大学中国公共管理研究中心、政治与公共事务管理学院中山大学政治与公共事务管理学院

在人类社会面临更复杂、不确定的风险背景下，预期治理作为一种新的治理概念，受到学界关注。预期治理是通过多元主体的参与和交流、共同探索未来，在当下整合资源并采取预先性的治理行动，以回应未来的不确定性与风险的一种新的治理模... 详细信息

在人类社会面临更复杂、不确定的风险背景下，预期治理作为一种新的治理概念，受到学界关注。预期治理是通过多元主体的参与和交流、共同探索未来，在当下整合资源并采取预先性的治理行动，以回应未来的不确定性与风险的一种新的治理模式；具有面向未来的预见性、参与主体多元化、政府治理主动化的特点，为公共管理提供了提前与主动治理的新视角。预期治理研究主要包括技术及风险、可持续发展、公共政策制定三条进路，呈现实践导向性、多学科交叉的研究现状。未来，预期治理的研究可重点关注预期治理的理论建构、数据驱动的预期治理新模式、与政策过程理论的对话以及中国情境的预期治理实践等方面。

关键词：预期治理公共管理预期政策制定

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