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Regional-scale Identification of Three-dimensional Pattern of Vegetation Landscapes

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Chinese Geographical Science 2014年第1期24卷 104-112页

作者： SUN Ranhao zhang baiping CHEN Liding State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

The altitudinal pattern of vegetation is usually identified by field surveys,however,these can only provide discrete data on a local *** studies identifying and analyzing the altitudinal vegetation pattern on a regional scale are *** study selected central Inner Mongolia as the study area,presented a method for extracting vegetation patterns in altitudinal and horizontal *** data included a vegetation map at a 1∶1 000 000 scale and a digital elevation model at a 1∶250 000 *** three-dimensional vegetation pattern indicated the distribution probability for each vegetation type and the transition zones between different vegetation *** low to high elevations,there were five vegetation types in the southern mountain flanks,including the montane steppe,broad-leaved forest,coniferous mixed forest,montane dwarf-scrub and sub-alpine ***,only four vegetation types were found in the northern flanks,except for the montane *** study could provide a general model for understanding the complexity and diversity of mountain environment and landscape.

关键词： landscape pattern vegetation pattern altitudinal zone landscape identification mountain landscape

Spatial patterns of Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus massoniana forests in Qinling-Daba Mountains and the boundary of subtropical and warm temperate zones

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第9期30卷 1523-1533页

作者： YAO Yonghui HU Yufan KOU Zhixiang zhang baiping State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environ merit In formation System In stitute of Geographic Scien ces and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The Qinling Mountains is not only the geographical boundary between North and South China,but also the boundary between subtropical and warm temperate *** plays an important role in the geo-ecological pattern of ***,there is controversy about the specific location of this geographical boundary in academic community due to the complexity,transition and heterogeneity of the transitional zone,as well as the differences in the delimitation indicators and research *** further reveal the characteristics of the North-South transitional zone and clarify the specific location of the geo-ecological boundary between North and South China,combined with SRTM topographic data,temperature and precipitation data,Pinus massoniana forest and Pinus tabulaeformis forest,which represent subtropical coniferous forest in South China and temperate coniferous forest in North China respectively,were chosen to analyze their spatial distributions in the Qinling-Daba Mountains and the climatic conditions at their boundary with the climatic indexes of annual precipitation,the coldest month(January) average temperature,the warmest month(July) average temperature and the annual average *** results show that:(1) Pinus massoniana and Pinus tabulaeformis forests and the climate indicators of their boundary can be used as one of the vegetation-climate indexes for the delimitation of subtropical and warm temperate *** boundary between the subtropical coniferous forest(Pinus massoniana forest) and temperate coniferous forest(Pinus tabulaeformis forest) is located along the south slope of Funiu Mountain to the north edge of Hanzhong Basin(the south slope of Qinling Mountains) at an altitude of 1000–1200 m,where the climatic indictors are stable:the annual precipitation is about 750–1000 mm,the annual average temperature is about 12–14℃,the coldest monthly average temperature is 0–4℃,and the warmest monthly average temperature is about 22–26℃.(2) It can be more sci

关键词： Qinling-Daba Mountains North-South transitional zone Pinus tabulaeformis forest Pinus massoniana forest climate subtropical zone warm temperate zone

Magnitude and Forming Factors of Mass Elevation Effect on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Chinese Geographical Science 2016年第6期26卷 745-754页

作者： zhang Shuo zhang baiping YAO Yonghui ZHAO Fang QI Wenwen HE Wenhui WANG Jing State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environment Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Mass elevation effect （MEE） refers to the thermal effect of huge mountains or plateaus, which causes the tendency for tem- perature-related montane landscape limits to occur at higher elevations in the inner massifs than on their outer margins. MEE has been widely identified in all large mountains, but how it could be measured and what its main forming-factors are still remain open. This paper, supposing that the local mountain base elevation （MBE） is the main factor of MEE, takes the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau （QTP） as the study area, defines MEE as the temperature difference （AT） between the inner and outer parts of mountain massifs, identifies the main forming factors, and analyzes their contributions to MEE. A total of 73 mountain bases were identified, ranging from 708 m to 5081 m and increasing from the edges to the central parts of the plateau. Climate data （1981-2010） from 134 meteorological stations were used to acquire ATby comparing near-surface air temperature on the main plateau with the free-air temperature at the same altitude and simi- lar latitude outside of the plateau. The AT for the warmest month is averagely 6.15 ~C, over 12~C at Lhatse and Baxoi. A multivariate linear regression model was developed to simulate MEE based on three variables （latitude, annual mean precipitation and MBE）, which are all significantly correlated to AT. The model could explain 67.3% of MEE variation, and the contribution rates of three independent variables to MEE are 35.29%, 22.69% and 42.02%, respectively. This confirms that MBE is the main factor of MEE. The intensive MEE of the QTP pushes the 10~C isotherm of the warmest month mean temperature 1300-2000 m higher in the main plateau than in the outer regions, leading the occurrence of the highest timberline （4900 m） and the highest snowline （6200 m） of the Northern Hemisphere in the southeast and southwest of the plateau, respectively.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet Plateau mass elevation effect (MEE) temperature difference mountain base elevation timberline

Diversity and Geographical Pattern of Altitudinal Belts in the Hengduan Mountains in China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2010年第2期7卷 123-132页

作者： YAO Yonghui zhang baiping HAN Fang, PANG Yu Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beo'ing 100101 China.

This paper analyses the diversity and spatial pattern of the altitudinal belts in the Hengduan Mountains in China. A total of 7 types of base belts and 26 types of altitudinal belts are identified in the study region. The main altitudinal belt lines, such as forest line, the upper limit of dark coniferous forest and snow line, have similar latitudinal and longitudinal spatial patterns, namely, arched quadratic curve model with latitudes and concave quadratic curve model along longitudinal direction. These patterns can be together ealled as ＂Hyperbolic-paraboloid model＂, revealing the complexity and speciality of the environment and ecology in the study region. This result further validates the hypnosis of a common quadratic model for spatial pattern of mountain altitudinal belts proposed by the authors. The spatial pattern of altitudinal belts is closely related with moisture-related exposure effect in the Hengduan Mountains. Different combinations （spectra） of altitudinal belts and different base belt types appear in windward and leeward flanks and even in the same flanks of different ranges. This is closely related with the parallel mountain ranges of the Hengduan Mountains, which, at nearly right angle with the moving direction of prevailing moisture-laden air masses from west and east, hold up the warm and humid monsoon wind from moving into the core region and result in different moisture conditions in windward and leeward flanks. However, how to quantitatively describe the moisture-related exposure effect needs further study. In addition, the data quality and data accuracy at present also affect to some extent the result of quantitative modeling and should be improved with RS/GIS in the future.

关键词： Hengduan Mountains Altitudinal belt spectra Exposure effect Quadratic model

Latitudinal differentiation and patterns of temperate and subtropical plants in the Qinling-Daba Mountains

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2023年第5期33卷 907-923页

作者： LIU Junjie zhang baiping YAO Yonghui zhang Xinghang WANG Jing YU Fuqin LI Jiayu State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Geographically,the Qinling-Daba Mountains serve as the main body of the north-south transitional zone of ***,the transitional patterns of their plant species still need to be *** study analyzed latitudinal variations of plant species richness,relative importance values(RIV),and plant species abundance based on plant community field survey data for 163 sample sites along three north-south transect lines in the eastern,middle,and western parts of the study *** difference in RIV between subtropical and temperate species(SND-RIV)was selected to reveal the latitudinal interlacing pattern of northern and southern plant *** the eastern(Sanmenxia-Yichang),middle(Xi’an-Dazhou),and western(Tianshui-Guangyuan)transects,the richness and RIV of subtropical plant species increased while those of temperate plant species decreased from north to *** the eastern transect,temperate plant species richness and RIV were the highest at Shennongjia and Funiu Mountain,respectively,because of their high *** the middle transect,subtropical plant species richness and RIV were the highest in the Daba *** the western transect,richness and RIV were higher for subtropical than temperate plant species from the south of *** crisscrossing areas of northern and southern plant species were∼180 km,∼100 km,and∼60 km wide for the eastern,middle,and western transects,respectively,showing a narrowing trend from east to *** the eastern and western transects,decreases in subtropical plant species distribution from south to north could be attributed to a decrease in mean annual precipitation in the same ***,for the middle transect,mean annual temperature had a slightly greater influence on plant species’latitudinal distribution than the moisture *** study provides a more solid scientific basis for future investigations of this key geographical boundary in China.

关键词： latitudinal plants variation north-south climate dividing line north-south transition zone of China Qinling-Daba Mountains transition pattern

Spatial variation of altitudinal belts as dividing index between warm temperate and subtropical zones in the Qinling-Daba Mountains

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第4期30卷 642-656页

作者： ZHAO Fang LIU Junjie ZHU Wenbo zhang baiping ZHU Lianqi College of Environment and Planning Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004HenanChina Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004HenanChina State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environment Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China

To determine the dividing index between warm temperate and subtropical zones based on the spectra of altitudinal belts,this paper collected 33 spectra of altitudinal belts in the Qinling-Daba Mountains from published literatures and then analyzed the structures and the spatial patterns from south to north,from west to east and based on exposure *** results show that:1)From south to north,the basal belt gradually changes from subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest to warm temperate deciduous broadleaf forest;the spectra of altitudinal belts change from complex to simple;the dominant belt changes from montane broadleaf-conifer mixed forest and evergreen-deciduous broadleaf mixed forest to deciduous broadleaf forest.2)From west to east,the structures of the altitudinal belt spectra show complexity in the east and west but simplicity in the middle section;the upper limits of both the evergreen-deciduous broadleaf mixed forest belt and montane deciduous broadleaf forest belt present a quadratic curve distribution pattern in the longitudinal ***,the upper limit of the montane broadleaf-conifer mixed forest belt exhibits a nearly linear decrease in the west-east direction.3)Both the north and south slopes in the Qinling Mountains have the similar basal belt,whereas it varies greatly between the north and south slopes in the Daba ***,dominant belts are very similar in the Qinling Mountains and the north slope of the Daba Mountains,but the south slope of the Daba Mountains has its own unique dominant belt:evergreen-deciduous broadleaf mixed *** implies that the Daba Mountains are more appropriate than the Qinling Mountains to act as the boundary between subtropical and warm-temperate zones in central China.

关键词： Qinling-Daba Mountains mountain altitudinal belt latitude longitude quadratic curve

North-south vegetation transition in the eastern Qinling-Daba Mountains

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2021年第3期31卷 350-368页

作者： zhang Xinghang zhang baiping WANG Jing YU Fuqin ZHAO Chao YAO Yonghui State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China Beijing 100007China

The Qinling-Daba Mountains are the main body of China’s North-South Transitional *** of the north-south gradual variation of vegetation components is significant for understanding the structural diversity and complexity of this transitional *** this study,based on survey data of plant communities,the eastern Qinling-Daba Mountains is divided into four geographic units:the north flank of eastern Qinling Mts.,south flank of eastern Qinling Mts.,north flank of eastern Daba *** south flank of eastern Daba *** also explore division of regional climate according to areal differentiation of plant-species,community structure and species-richness,*** results show that,(1)at plant-species level,there are mainly northern plants in north flank of eastern Qinling *** evergreen species and fewer northern plants in south flank of eastern Qinling Mts.;there are mainly southern plants in eastern Daba Mts.(2)At community structure level,there are 4 formations(3 northern formations and 1 widespread formation)in north flank of eastern Qinling,6 formations(3 northern formations,1 southern formation,and 2 widespread formations)in south flank of eastern Qinling,4 formations(2 southern formations and 2 widespread formations)in north flank of eastern Daba Mts.,and 3 formations(3 southern formations)in south flank of eastern Daba *** terms of the numbers and properties of formations,there is a mixture of northern and southern formations only in the south flank of eastern Qinling Mts.(3)At species-richness level,the diversity of families,genera and species decreased with increasing latitude,but the mixing of northern plants and the southern plants began to occur in south flank of eastern Qinling *** means that the south flank of the eastern Qinling *** more suitably as the dividing line between China’s warm temperate and subtropical zones.

关键词： China’s north-south transitional zone eastern Qinling-Daba Mountains north-south transect vegetation series climate north-south dividing line

Climate change comparison between Arctic and other areas in the Northern Hemisphere since the last Interstade

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2007年第1期17卷 43-50页

作者： XU Juan WANG Guo zhang baiping Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

Based on temperature reconstruction and proxy data from 14 sites in the Northern Hemisphere, this paper focused on comparing the cycles of temperature variations between the Arctic and other areas, including Atlantic, Europe, China, Asia, Pacific, Indian Ocean, and America during the transition from the last Interstade to the Last Glacial Maximum, from the Last Glacial Maximum to megathermal period in Holocene and the transition of the Little Ice Age （LIA） by the methods of Singular Spectrum Analysis （SSA） and Maximum Entropy Spectrum （MES）. The results showed that environmental changes in the Arctic are most similar to that in the North American and better similar to Asia, Atlantic and Pacific, the least similar to Indian Ocean and Europe. The 1500-year oscillation of temperature existed both in Arctic and Europe.

关键词： climatic cycles comparison Arctic Northern Hemisphere last Interstade

The implication of mass elevation effect of the Tibetan Plateau for altitudinal belts

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第12期25卷 1411-1422页

作者： YAO Yonghui XU Mei zhang baiping State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100044 China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023 China

The heating effect （or mass elevation effect, MEE） of the Tibetan Plateau （TP） is intense due to its massive body. Some studies have been undertaken on its role as the heat source in summer and its implications for Asian climate, but little has been known of the im- plications of its MEE for the distribution of mountain altitudinal belts （MABs）. Using air tem- perature data observed and remotely sensed data, MAB/treeline data, and ASTER GDEM data, this paper compares the height of MABs and alpine treelines in the main TP and the surrounding mountains/lowland and explains the difference from the point of view of MEE. The results demonstrate： 1） at same elevation, air temperature and the length of growing season gradually increase from the eastern edge to the interior TP, e.g., at 4500 m （corre- sponding to the mean altitude of the TP）, the monthly mean temperature is 3.58℃ higher （April） to 6.63℃ higher （June） in the interior plateau than in the Sichuan Basin; the 10℃ iso- therm for the warmest month goes upward from the edge to the interior of the plateau, at 4000 m in the Qilian Mts. and the eastern edges of the plateau, and up to 4600-5000 m in Lhasa and Zuogong; the warmth index at an altitude of 4500 m can be up to 15℃-month in the in- terior TP, but much lower at the eastern edges. 2） MABs and treeline follow a similar trend of rising inwards： dark-coniferous forest is 1000-1500 m higher and alpine steppe is about 700-900 m higher in the interior TP than at the eastern edges.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau mass elevation effect mountain altitudinal belt treeline the warmth index the 10℃ isotherm in the warmest month