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New dating indicates intermittent human occupation of the Nwya Devu Paleolithic site on the high-altitude central Tibetan Plateau during the past 45,000 years

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第2期67卷 531-551页

作者： Junyi GE Xiaoling zhang Shejiang wang Linhui LI Wei HE Yingshuai JIN Peiqi zhang Bing XU Chenglong DENG John WOLSEN Zhengtang GUO xing gao institute of vertebrate {2. and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China University of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Tibetan Cultural Relics Conservation institute Lhasa 850000China Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences.Beijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China School of Anthropology University of ArizonaTucson85721USA

The timing and mechanisms of the human occupation of the demanding high-altitude Tibetan Plateau environment are of great ***,we report on our reinvestigations and dating of the Nwya Devu site,located nearly 4600 meters above sea level on the central Tibetan Plateau.A new microblade techno-complex was identified on a lower lake shore at this site,distinct from the previously reported blade tool *** two lithic assemblages were dated to 45.6±2.6 and10.3±0.5 ka using optically stimulated luminescence and accelerator mass spectrometry^(14)C *** represent,respectively,the earliest known Paleolithic and microlithic sites on the interior Tibetan Plateau,indicating multiple occupation episodes of hunter-gatherers during the past 45 *** studies reveal that relatively stable depositional conditions and a paleoenvironment characterized by a comparatively warm climate facilitated these multiple occupations at Nwya *** contemporaneous occurrence of the Upper Paleolithic blade technology on the Tibetan Plateau and most of Eurasia between 50 and 40 ka indicates rapid,large-scale dispersals of humans that profoundly affected human demography on a large *** new archaeological evidence and previously reported genetic data,we conclude that the Tibetan Plateau provided a relatively stable habitat for Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers,which may have contributed to the complex and multiple-origin gene pool of present-day Tibetans.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Paleolithic Nwya Devu High-altitude adaptation Microblade industry Early Upper Paleolithic OSLdating AMS^(14)C dating

The earliest evidence for a microblade adaptation in the remote,high altitude regions of the Tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1561-1573页

作者： Yingshuai JIN Xiaoling zhang Shejiang wang Junyi GE Wei HE Wa DA Yunyao TAN Ziyi YANG Christopher MORGAN {2. gao institute of vertebrate {2. and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China University of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Cultural Relics Conservation institute of the Xizang Autonomous Region Lhasa 850000China Nagqu Culture and Tourism Bureau Nagqu 852000China University of Nevada Reno 89557USA

Microblade assemblages are among the most common prehistoric archaeological materials found on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)and are thought to indicate large scale migration to and settlement of the *** microblade sites,however,have been systematically excavated,especially in the remotest,highest-elevation regions of the *** timing of the large-scale arrival,spread,and permanent settlement of people on the TP therefore remains *** this paper,we report on a recently excavated site,Locality 3 of the Nwya Devu Site(ND3),located at 4600 meters above sea level(masl),near the shore of Ngoin Lake,on the interior *** analyses reveal a fairly typical microblade technological orientation and two types of microblade cores:wedge-shaped and semi-conical,which are similar to those found throughout North *** Optically Stimulated Luminescence(OSL)dating and AMS^(14)C dating,the age of ND3 ranges from 11 to 10 *** date range indicates ND3 is the oldest microblade site yet recorded in the remote,high-elevation regions of the TP and thus provides important information about when and how hunter-gatherers using microblades began exploiting the higher altitudes of the *** together,studies at ND3 and throughout the TP suggest that a microblade adaptation is associated with the first prolonged human occupation of the plateau and that microblades played a significant role in mediating the risks and facilitating the mobility necessary to permanently inhabit the TP.

关键词： The interior of Tibetan Plateau Nwya Devu locality 3 Microblade Early Holocene High altitude adaption

Cut marks and terminal Pleistocene hominids in the Ma'anshan site:Evidence for meat-eating

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chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第19期54卷 3872-3879页

作者： zhang yue1,2.3,{2.,2. zhang shuangquan1,2.& gao xing1,2. 1 institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, China 2.Joint Laboratory of Human Evolution and Archaeometry, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, China 3 State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing 2.0008, China institute of vertebrate {2. and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Joint Laboratory of Human Evolution and Archaeometry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing 210008 China

In this paper, cut marks on the long bones of class Ⅱ sized animals in the Ma'anshann site are studied. Based on the location and frequencies of the long bone cut marks, the distribution characteristics are analyzed as follows: (1) cut mark frequencies in the lower layer (LL) are much higher than those of the upper; (2. in the LL cut mark frequency of the upper limbs is the highest, and that of the middle and lower limbs is lower and the lowest; (3) In the upper layer (UL) the cut mark frequency, does not spread as orderly as in the LL. The data are compared to those of the experiment and it is demonstrated that values of the LL all fall into the experimental 95% confidence intervals, and the cut mark frequencies of the upper, middle and lower limbs coincide with those of the experiment; while the values of the UL are much lower, of which, those of the humerus, femur and radius are out of the intervals, and the frequencies of the upper, middle and lower limbs are far more different from those of the experiment. It implies that the earlier hominids (of the LL) defleshed the limbs of the class Ⅱ sized animals with stone tools more completely than the later hominids. With the evidence of burning marks, it is suggested that the difference on the roasting behaviors derived the cut mark difference of the Ma'anshan UL and LL.

关键词：原始人类马鞍山证据网站痕迹切口更新世肉类

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Use-wear evidence confirms the earliest hafted chipped-stone adzes of Upper Palaeolithic in northern China

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chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第3期55卷 268-275页

作者： zhang XiaoLing1,2.3, SHEN Chen1,2.4 {2. xing1,2.CHEN FuYou1,2.& wang chunxue1,2.3 1institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences,{12., China 2.aboratory of Human Evolution and Archaeometry, chinese academy of sciences,{12., China 3Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, China 4The Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto M5S 2.6, Canada institute of vertebrate {2. and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Laboratory of Human Evolution and Archaeometry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China Royal Ontario Museum Toronto M5S 2C6 Canada

Chipped-stone "adze-shaped objects" (ASOs) were identified from a few Upper Palaeolithic sites in northern China. Its morpho- logical form resembles to ground-stone type-specific adze, but the function of the ASO has never been assessed. The objective of this study is to investigate the use function of this particular tool type recovered from the Hutouliang site in the Nihewan Basin of northern China. In this study, the lithic use-wear analysis is applied to examining microscopically edge-damages and sur- face-rounding of the tools in order to assess how they were employed. The result suggests that the ASO might have been used as woodworking tools with a hafted shaft, providing evidence for the appearance of the earliest hafted chipped-stone adzes prior to 10000 years ago in northern China. This study also demonstrates that the use-wear technique is an innovated and effective analytic appraoch to the study of stone tool functions that has been conventionally treated by typo-technological analyses. Stone tool use-patterns revealed by use-wear evidence would shed new insights on prehistoric adaptive strategies of modern human in northern China.

关键词：旧石器时代晚期中国北方磨损证据石材加工工具木工工具中国网站技术分析

paleontology Knowledge Graph for Data-Driven Discovery

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 1024-1034页

作者： Yiying Deng Sicun Song Junxuan Fan Mao Luo Le Yao Shaochun Dong Yukun Shi Linna zhang yue {2. Haipeng Xu Huiqing Xu Yingying Zhao Zhaohui Pan zhangshuai Hou Xiaoming Li Boheng Shen Xinran Chen Shuhan zhang Xuejin Wu Lida xing Qingqing Liang Enze {2. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China School of Earth sciences and Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of chinese academy of sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Centre for Research and Education on Biological Evolution and Environment Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China School of the Earth sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China

A knowledge graph(KG)is a knowledge base that integrates and represents data based on a graph-structured data model or *** have made efforts to construct geosciencerelated KGs to overcome semantic heterogeneity and facilitate knowledge representation,data integration,and text ***,there is currently no comprehensive paleontology KG or data-driven discovery based on *** this study,we constructed a two-layer model to represent the ordinal hierarchical structure of the paleontology KG following a top-down construction *** ontology containing 19365 concepts has been defined up to *** this basis,we derived the synonymy list based on the paleontology KG and designed corresponding online functions in the OneStratigraphy database to showcase the use of the KG in paleontological research.

关键词： paleontology knowledge graph ontology synonymy list OneStratigraphy big data ge-ology.

Lufengpithecus inner ear provides evidence of a common locomotor repertoire ancestral to human bipedalism

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 122-129页

作者： Yinan zhang Xijun Ni Qiang Li Thomas Stidham Dan Lu Feng gao Chi zhang Terry Harrison Key Laboratory of vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Yunnan institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology Kunming 650118China Center for the Study of Human Origins Department of AnthropologyNew York UniversityNew YorkNY 10003USA

Various lines of evidence have been used to infer the origin of human bipedalism,but the paucity of hominoid postcranial fossils and the diversity of inferred locomotor modes have tended to confound the reconstruction of ancestral *** of the bony labyrinth morphology of the inner ear of extinct and living hominoids provides independent evidence for inferring the evolution of hominoid locomotor *** computed tomography data and morphometric analyses of the Late Miocene ape Lufengpithecus indicate that it and other stem great apes possess labyrinths similar to one another and show that hominoids initially evolved from a positional repertoire that included orthogrady,below-branch forelimb suspension and progression,above-branch bipedalism,climbing,clambering,and leaping(hylobatid-like)to one that comprised above-branch quadrupedalism,below-branch forelimb suspension,vertical climbing,limited leaping,terrestrial quadrupedal running and walking,possibly with knuckle walking,and short bouts of bipedalism(chimpanzee-like).The bony labyrinth morphology of Lufengpithecus indicates that it probably conforms more closely to the last common ancestors of crown hominoids and hominids in its locomotor behavior than do other Miocene *** bipedalism evolved from this common archetypal Lufengpithecus-like locomotor *** low evolutionary rate of semicircular canal morphology suggests that Lufengpithecus experienced a relative stasis in locomotor behavior,probably due to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau,which created a stable environment in the Miocene of southwestern China.

关键词： China probably uplift

Archaeological study of ostrich eggshell beads collected from SDG site

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chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第19期54卷 3887-3895页

作者： wang chunxue1,{2., zhang yue1,3,4, gao xing1,3, zhang XiaoLing1,{2. & wang HuiMin1,5 1 institute of vertebrate paleontology and {12., chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, China 2.Graduate School, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100039, China 3 Joint Laboratory of Human Evolution and Archaeometry, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, China 4 State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing 2.0008, China 5 Ningxia Provincial institute of Archaeology, Yinchuan 750001, China institute of vertebrate {2. and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Joint Laboratory of Human Evolution and Archaeometry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing 210008 China Ningxia Provincial institute of Archaeology Yinchuan 750001 China

Ostrich eggshell beads and fragments collected from SDG site reflect primordial art and a kind of symbolic behavior of modern humans. Based on stratigraphic data and OSL dating, these ostrich eggshell beads are probably in Early Holocene (10 ka BP). Two different prehistoric manufacturing pathways are usually used in the manufacture of ostrich eggshell beads in Upper Paleolithic. According to statistic analysis of the characteristics of ostrich eggshell beads, Pathway 1 is identified from these collections. In pathway 1, blanks are drilled prior to being trimmed to rough discs. They exhibit great potential for the study of the origin of primordial art and the development of ancient cultures and provide important data for studying behavioral options adopted by hominids in SDG area. In addition, they bear important implications for the origin of modern humans in East Asia.

关键词：蛋壳鸵鸟收集网站考古现代人类原始艺术旧石器时代

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Human exploitation of carnivores in Pleistocene China: A case study of the faunal remains from Shuidonggou Locality 7

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Science China Earth sciences 2020年第1期63卷 132-144页

作者： shuangquan zhang {2. zhang Shuwen PEI xing gao Key Laboratory for vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

Hominin-animal interactions at Pleistocene archaeological sites have been the main subject of research during human evolution. However, in contrast to that of ungulates, little is known about the evidence of human processing of carnivore species in this time interval of China. In this paper, we present the first case report of an interactive relationship between carnivore species and hunter-gathers in Pleistocene China, based mainly on a detailed taphonomic study of the faunal remains from Shuidonggou Locality 7. It seems highly probable that hominins butchered some individuals of carnivores and roasted bone elements with adhering meat at the site;whereas it’s equally feasible that these animals were exploited by hominins mainly for their pelt or fur. In either way, evidence from the site indicates novel strategies in adaptive behaviors adopted by Late Pleistocene foragers in harsh environments of Northwest China.

关键词： Shuidonggou locality 7(SDG7) Upper Palaeolithic Cut marks Burned bones Taphonomy Northwest China

The first ground tooth artifact in Upper Palaeolithic China

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Science China Earth sciences 2019年第2期62卷 403-411页

作者： yue zhang {2. zhang xing gao Fuyou CHEN Key Laboratory of vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment University of chinese academy of sciences

Scholars have long recognized the importance of organic artifacts to an improved understanding of the economic and social behavior of Palaeolithic hominins. However, in contrast to archaeological studies in other parts of the world, osseous industries from China have received only limited attention. As one of the first steps aiming at tipping this balance, the current paper examines, therefore, a shaped boar tusk—one particular element of hunter-gatherers’ tool kit at Shuidonggou Locality 12.(SDG12.. Morphological and metrical comparisons of the tusk with both paleontological specimens and bone artifacts from the same site demonstrate that wear pattern on one of the dentin surfaces of the tooth is not significant different from occlusal attritions in living animals, while linear striations on the other dentin facet are most probably artificial grinding marks formed by prehistoric toolmakers in attempts to manufacture a scraper. The tusk specimen from SDG12.represents the first evidence of a ground tooth in Upper Palaeolithic China. The current study indicates that hominins in Shuidonggou area had achieved a deepened understanding of physical properties of osseous material available in environs and ultimately broadened their range of raw material selection by adding a particular element to the inventory of subsistence tools.

关键词： Upper Palaeolithic Osseous artifacts Boar tusk Grinding Splitting Shuidonggou