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Substituting nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer with optimal amount of crop straw improves rice grain yield,nutrient use efficiency and soil carbon sequestration

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第11期21卷 3345-3355页

作者： XIE Jun Blagodatskaya EVGENIA zhang Yu WAN Yu HU Qi-juan zhang Cheng-ming WANG Jie zhang yue-qiang SHI Xiao-jun College of Resources and Environment Southwest UniversityChongqing 400716P.R.China Department of Soil Ecology UFZ–Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchHalle 06120Germany Agro-Technological Institute RUDN UniversityMoscow 117198Russia School of River and Ocean Engineering Chongqing Jiaotong UniversityChongqing 400074P.R.China Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-8589Japan

Crop straw return after harvest is considered an important way to achieve both agronomic and environmental benefits.However,the appropriate amount of straw to substitute for fertilizer remains unclear.A field experiment was performed from 2016 to 2018 to explore the effect of different amounts of straw to substitute for fertilizer on soil properties,soil organic carbon(SOC)storage,grain yield,yield components,nitrogen(N)use efficiency,phosphorus(P)use efficiency,N surplus,and P surplus after rice harvesting.Relative to mineral fertilization alone,straw substitution at 5 t ha^(-1)improved the number of spikelets per panicle,effective panicle,seed setting rate,1000-grain weight,and grain yield,and also increased the aboveground N and P uptake in rice.Straw substitution exceeding 2.5 t ha^(-1)increased the soil available N,P,and K concentrations as compared with mineral fertilization,and different amounts of straw substitution improved SOC storage compared with mineral fertilization.Furthermore,straw substitution at 5 t ha^(-1)decreased the N surplus and P surplus by up to 68.3 and 28.9%,respectively,compared to mineral fertilization.Rice aboveground N and P uptake and soil properties together contributed 19.3%to the variation in rice grain yield and yield components.Straw substitution at 5 t ha^(-1),an optimal fertilization regime,improved soil properties,SOC storage,grain yield,yield components,N use efficiency(NUE),and P use efficiency(PUE)while simultaneously decreasing the risk of environmental contamination.

关键词： rice SOC storage yield components N surplus P surplus

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西南不同类型紫色土pH变化、重金属累积与潜在生态风险评估

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环境科学 2024年第4期45卷 2440-2449页

作者：张海琳张雨王顶谢军张跃强张宇亭王洁石孝均西南大学资源环境学院重庆400715 重庆三峡库区土壤质量国家野外科学观测研究站重庆400716

施肥在作物增产方面的优势已得到广泛认可,但施肥对西南不同类型紫色土重金属累积与潜在生态风险的长期影响与作用机制尚不清楚.基于连续13a玉米-白菜轮作长期定位试验,采集单施化肥(NPK)、单施有机肥(M)、有机无机配施(NPKM)和不施肥对... 详细信息

施肥在作物增产方面的优势已得到广泛认可,但施肥对西南不同类型紫色土重金属累积与潜在生态风险的长期影响与作用机制尚不清楚.基于连续13a玉米-白菜轮作长期定位试验,采集单施化肥(NPK)、单施有机肥(M)、有机无机配施(NPKM)和不施肥对照(CK)这4个处理的酸性、中性和钙质紫色土,测定各处理土壤理化指标和耕层土壤中Cu、Zn、Cd、Ni、Pb和Cr全量,通过单因子污染指数(Pi)分别计算内梅罗综合污染指数(PN)和潜在生态风险指数(RI),评估长期施肥后土壤重金属污染特征和生态风险,进一步通过偏最小二乘路径模型(PLS-PM)解析土壤理化指标变量与重金属综合污染指数和潜在生态风险的关系.结果表明,土壤理化指标和重金属全量在不同施肥方式和土壤类型下差异显著(P <0.05),且施肥方式的影响程度高于土壤类型.相较于NPK处理,NPKM和M处理土壤有机碳(SOC)、有效钾(AK)和有效磷(AP)含量平均增幅达62.53%~236.07%、105%~505.71%和444.92%~1 269.95%;各施肥处理显著改变酸性和中性紫色土pH,NPK处理下显著降低1.58和1.87,NPKM和M处理下平均上升0.61~1.70.长期施肥后3种不同类型紫色土重金属全量均有提高,NPKM和M处理土壤重金属全量的平均增幅(93.63%和96.39%)高于NPK处理(51.79%).长期施用有机肥后PN更高,其中钙质紫色土M处理PN最高,达中等危害等级,且酸性和中性紫色土中各处理RI高于钙质紫色土,重金属Cd和Pb的污染程度和生态风险更高;对理化因子、PN和RI进行冗余分析结果表明,AP、ΔpH(各施肥处理相较于初始土壤pH变化量)和NO_(3)--N分别解释了方差变异的57.7%、11.2%和9.7%,达到显著水平;PLS-PM分析结果表明,长期施肥通过提高土壤AP和加剧pH变化影响重金属累积导致潜在生态风险增加.研究结果可为紫色土农田养分管理与重金属污染防治提供理论依据.

关键词：不同类型紫色土 pH变化土壤重金属污染生态风险偏最小二乘路径模型(PLS-PM)

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有机替代比例对奉节脐橙产量、品质及环境代价的影响

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中国土壤与肥料 2024年第4期 53-63页

作者：李栋邓丹丹张丽君周鹏赵敬坤王昱桁王洁石孝均张跃强西南大学资源环境学院重庆400715 西南大学长江经济带农业绿色发展研究中心重庆400716 重庆市奉节县农业技术服务中心重庆404699 重庆市农业技术推广总站重庆401122 西南大学西南山地生态农业国培基地重庆400716 国家紫色土肥力与肥料效益监测站重庆400716

通过主成分分析和综合得分来评判不同比例有机肥替代化肥对柑橘产量和品质的影响,同时探究有机肥替代在减少柑橘生产周期碳排放方面的潜力,为其科学减肥、合理增施有机肥和柑橘增产增效提供理论依据。于2018—2019年在奉节柑橘主产区进... 详细信息

通过主成分分析和综合得分来评判不同比例有机肥替代化肥对柑橘产量和品质的影响,同时探究有机肥替代在减少柑橘生产周期碳排放方面的潜力,为其科学减肥、合理增施有机肥和柑橘增产增效提供理论依据。于2018—2019年在奉节柑橘主产区进行了为期两年的田间试验,设置农户常规施肥(FP)、优化施肥(OPT)、优化施肥+有机替代氮肥20%(OPT+N20)、优化施肥+有机替代氮肥30%(OPT+N30)、优化施肥+有机替代氮肥50%(OPT+N50)5个处理,比较不同处理之间对脐橙果实产量、品质及橘园土壤肥力和环境代价的影响。结果表明,(1)与FP相比,优化施肥和有机无机配施处理能够提高脐橙产量和改善果实品质,2018年各处理间在产量上没有显著差异,2019年OPT较FP产量显著提高22.3%,OPT+N20、OPT+N30、OPT+N50产量较FP分别增产27.3%、28.3%、34.1%,同时有机无机配施较FP能够显著降低果实可滴定酸含量,提高果实可食率、可溶性固形物含量和固酸比,还可以改善果皮亮度和色泽。(2)有机无机配施较FP可明显提高土壤pH,增加土壤有效养分,维持土壤养分平衡。(3)优化施肥和有机无机配施较FP可显著降低温室气体排放强度和提高经济效益,有机无机配施处理碳足迹较FP分别提高44.20%、48.10%和59.23%,产投比分别提高63.64%、51.82%和39.70%。(4)通过对脐橙产量、果实品质等因素综合分析,各处理得分从大到小排序为OPT+N30>OPT+N50>OPT+N20>OPT>FP,即各有机无机配施的肥效响应优于FP处理,其中优化施肥配合有机肥替代氮肥30%时对果实品质提升效果最优,化肥投入的减少和有机肥的施用能够显著减少脐橙在生产生命周期中碳排放的同时提高经济效益。因此,在优化施肥的基础上配施有机肥可以提高脐橙产量、品质,减少果园碳排放。

关键词：有机替代产量品质碳排放碳足迹

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Parallel Vision ■ Image Synthesis/Augmentation

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第3期11卷 782-784页

作者： Wenwen zhang Wenbo Zheng qiang Li Fei-yue Wang the School of Computer Science Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China the School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan 430070China the State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Dear Editor,Scene understanding is an essential task in computer vision.The ultimate objective of scene understanding is to instruct computers to understand and reason about the scenes as humans do.Parallel vision is ... 详细信息

关键词： instru explanation computer

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Inelastic Scattering of Dark Matter with Heavy Cosmic Rays

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 70-82页

作者： Keyu Lu yue-Lin Sming Tsai qiang Yuan Le zhang School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of China CSST Science Center for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area SYSU Peng Cheng Laboratory

We investigate the impact of inelastic collisions between dark matter （DM） and heavy cosmic ray （CR） nuclei on CR propagation.We approximate the fragmentation cross-sections for DM-CR collisions using collider-measured proton-nuclei scattering cross-sections,allowing us to assess how these collisions affect the spectra of CR boron and carbon.We derive new CR spectra from DM-CR collisions by incorporating their cross-sections into the source terms and solving the diffusion equation for the complete network of reactions involved in generating secondary species.In a specific example with a coupling strength of bχ=0.1 and a DM mass of mχ=0.1 GeV,considering a simplified scenario where DM interacts exclusively with oxygen,a notable modification in the boron-to-carbon spectrum due to the DM-CR interaction is observed.Particularly,the peak within the spectrum,spanning from 0.1 to 10 GeV,experiences an enhancement of approximately 1.5 times.However,in a more realistic scenario where DM particles interact with all CRs,this peak can be amplified to twice its original value.Utilizing the latest data from AMS-02 and DAMPE on the boron-to-carbon ratio,we estimate a 95%upper limit for the effective inelastic cross-section of DM-proton as a function of DM mass.Our findings reveal that at mχ?2 MeV,the effective inelastic cross-section between DM and protons must be less than O(10-32) cm2.

关键词： (cosmology:) dark matter abundances astroparticle physics elementary particles nuclear reactions nucleosynthesis scattering

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From Liquid to Solid‑State Lithium Metal Batteries:Fundamental Issues and Recent Developments

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第2期16卷 68-125页

作者： Zhao zhang Wei‑qiang Han School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China

The widespread adoption of lithium-ion batteries has been driven by the proliferation of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles,which have increasingly stringent energy density requirements.Lithium metal batteries(LMBs),with their ultralow reduction potential and high theoretical capacity,are widely regarded as the most promising technical pathway for achieving high energy density batteries.In this review,we provide a comprehensive overview of fundamental issues related to high reactivity and migrated interfaces in LMBs.Furthermore,we propose improved strategies involving interface engineering,3D current collector design,electrolyte optimization,separator modification,application of alloyed anodes,and external field regulation to address these challenges.The utilization of solid-state electrolytes can significantly enhance the safety of LMBs and represents the only viable approach for advancing them.This review also encompasses the variation in fundamental issues and design strategies for the transition from liquid to solid electrolytes.Particularly noteworthy is that the introduction of SSEs will exacerbate differences in electrochemical and mechanical properties at the interface,leading to increased interface inhomogeneity—a critical factor contributing to failure in all-solidstate lithium metal batteries.Based on recent research works,this perspective highlights the current status of research on developing high-performance LMBs.

关键词： Lithium metal batteries All-solid-state lithium metal battery Li dendrite Solid electrolyte Interface

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Multicolored Bipartite Ramsey Numbers of Large Cycles

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2024年第2期40卷 347-357页

作者： Shao-qiang LIU yue-jian PENG College of Mathematics and Statistics Hanshan Normal UniversityChaozhou 521041China School of Mathematics Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

For an integer r≥2 and bipartite graphs Hi,where 1≤i≤r,the bipartite Ramsey number br(H1,H2,…,Hr)is the minimum integer N such that any r-edge coloring of the complete bipartite graph KN;N contains a monochromatic subgraph isomorphic to Hi in color i for some 1≤i≤r.We show that if r≥3;α1,α2>0,αj+2≥[(j+2)!-1]Σi=1^(j+1)α1 for j=1,2…r-2,then br(C2[α1n],C2[α2n],…,C2[αrn]=(Σ=j=1^(r)a j+o(1))n.

关键词： ramsey number bipartite ramsey number regularity lemma

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Compositional evolution for mixed aerosols containing gluconic acid and typical nitrate and the effect of multiply factors on hygroscopicity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 206-216页

作者： yue Zhu Shufeng Pang Yunhong zhang School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

The aging process of atmospheric aerosols usually leads to a mixture of inorganic salts and organic compounds of anthropogenic origin.In organic compounds,polyhydroxy organic acids are important components,however,the study on composition and hygroscopic properties of the mixture containing inorganics and polyhydroxy organic acids is scanty.In this study,gluconic acid,the proxy of polyhydroxy organic acids,is mixed with the representative nitrate(Mg(NO_(3))_(2),Ca(NO_(3))_(2))to form aerosols.ATR-FTIR and optical microscopy are employed to study the component changes and hygroscopicity as a function of relative humidity.As relative humidity fluctuates,the FTIR-ATR spectra display that the internal mixed gluconic acid(CH_(2)(CH)_(4)(OH)_(5)COOH)and nitrate can react to release acidic gases,forming relevant gluconate and further affecting the hygroscopicity.The specific presentation is particles cannot be recovered to their original size after the dehydration-hydration process and there will be some disparities in GF for mixed particles.For the gluconic acid-Ca(NO_(3))_(2)/Mg(NO_(3))_(2)mixtures with molar ratios of 1:1,higher degree of reaction resulting in the production of large amounts of gluconate should be responsible to the lower hygroscopicity compared to ZSR model.For 1:2 gluconic acid-nitrate mixed systems(with higher nitrate content),the hygroscopicity of mixtures are higher than the ZSR prediction.A possible reason could be‘salt-promoting effect’on the organic fractions of the surplus inorganic salt in the mixture.These data can improve the chemical composition list evaluation,in turn hygroscopic properties and phase state of atmospheric aerosol,and then the climate effect.

关键词： Hygroscopicity Gluconic acid Reaction ZSR simulation Size growth factors

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Genetic diversity center of cultivated soybean(Glycine max) in China——New insight and evidence for the diversity center of Chinese cultivated soybean

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第11期15卷 2481-2487页

作者： WANG Li-xia LIN Fan-yun LI Lin-hai LI Wei YAN Zhe LUAN Wei-jiang PIAO Ri-hua GUAN Yuan NING Xue-cheng ZHU Li MA Yan-song DONG Zhi-min zhang Hai-yan zhang yue-qiang GUAN Rong-xia LI Ying-hui LIU zhang-xiong CHANG Ru-zhen QIU Li-juan The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Key Laboratory of Germplamsm Utilization Ministry of Agiculture/Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Agriculture Northwest A & F University College of Agriculture Northeast Agricultural University College of Science and Technology Xinjiang Agricultural University Department of Agronomy Jilin Agricultural University Department of Agronomy Liaoning Agricultural University

Information on the center of genetic diversity of soybean（Glycine max） will be helpful not only for designing efficient strategies for breeding programs, but also for understanding the domestication and origin of this species. Here, we describe an analysis of genetic diversity based on simple-sequence repeat（SSR） variations within a core collection of 2 111 accessions of Chinese soybean landraces. Prior to the diversity assessment, the geographic origin of each accession was mapped. The map was then divided into grids each 2.5° in latitude and 5° in longitude. We found two regions that had higher number of alleles（NA） and greater polymorphic information content（PIC） values than the others. These regions are adjacently located within grid position of 30°–35°N×105°–110°E, which includes the valley of the middle and lower reaches of the Wei River, and the valley of the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River. It was also observed that in many regions, genetic diversity decreased with the increase in distance from the center. Another region, in northern Hebei Province（115°–120°E×40°–42.5°N）, was observed having higher diversity than any surrounding regions, indicating that this is a sub-center of soybean diversity. Based on the presented results, the domestication and origin of soybean are also discussed.

关键词： Glycine max genetic resources SSRs diversity center domestication

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Amitriptyline inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the ASM/CE pathway in a cell model of NAFLD

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BIOCELL 2024年第5期48卷 759-769页

作者： QIN LIU CHUNYAN NIU qiang zhang SHIQIN SUN yue CHEN YONGqiang SHI Shengli Clinical Medical College Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350001China Department of Gastroenterology Nanjing Lishui People’s HospitalZhongda Hospital Lishui BranchSoutheast UniversityNanjing211200China Department of Gastroenterology Yancheng Third People’s Hospital(The Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University)Yancheng224000China Administrative Department of Teaching and Scientific Research Nanjing Lishui People’s HospitalZhongda Hospital Lishui BranchSoutheast UniversityNanjing211200China

Background:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a global health concern with the acid sphingomyelinase(ASM)/ceramide(CE)pathway and the NOD-like receptor family,pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome identified as pivotal players in lipid disorders and inflammation.This study explores the interaction mechanism between the ASM/CE pathway and NLRP3 in NAFLD cell models,aiming to understand the impact of amitriptyline(Ami),an ASM inhibitor,on lipid deposition and hepatocyte injury by regulating the ASM/CE-NLRP3 pathway.Methods:HepG2 and HL-7702 cells were exposed to free fatty acids(FFAs)to establish the NAFLD model.The cells were divided into 5 groups:control group,model group,Ami group,tumor necrosis factoralpha(TNF-α)group,and Ami+TNF-αgroup.Intracellular lipid droplets were visualized using Oil Red O staining,and Western blot analysis quantified ASM,NLRP3,and caspase 1 protein expression.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was measured CE and ASM levels,while qRT-PCR assessed mRNA expression.The apoptotic rate was evaluated by flow cytometry(FCM).Results:Following FFAs incubation,significant increases in ASM and CE levels were observed in HepG2 and HL-7702 cells,accompanied by elevated expression of NLRP3,and caspase 1,and IL-1β.TNF-αtreatment further amplified these indicators.Ami demonstrated a reduction in lipid deposition,suppressed ASM/CE pathway activation,downregulated NLRP3 and caspase 1 expression,and improved apoptosis.Additionally,MCC950,a selective inhibitor of the NLRP3,mitigated NLRP3,caspase 1,and IL-1βexpression,alleviating lipid deposition and apoptosis in the NAFLD cell model.Conclusion:The ASM/CE-NLRP3 pathway in NAFLD cells promotes hepatocyte steatosis,inflammation,and cell damage.Ami emerges as a promising therapeutic agent by inhibiting the ASM/CE-NLRP3 pathway,underscoring its potential as a key target for NAFLD treatment.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Hepatocyte Amitriptyline ASM/CE pathway NLRP3 Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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