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Image Field Deformation of LAMOST due to Differential Atmospheric Refraction

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Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2006年第4期6卷 495-502页

作者： Jin-Ling Li Bo zhang yong Yu Zhao-xiang Qi Ming Zhao Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030

A vectorial expression of the image field deformation of LAMOST due to the differential atmospheric refraction is presented. The calculated results are compared with those from previous analyses based on the traditional spherical trigonometric formulas. It is demonstrated that different tangential displacements of star images during the observation tracking given by various authors are simply due to different reference points adopted. It is pointed out that the observational celestial pole is the center of the apparent diurnal motion, that, by referring to the observational celestial pole, the effect of the differential refraction on the image field of LAMOST during the 1.5-hour tracking period is approximately equivalent to a constant rotation of - 13.65″ for all declination belts. It is therefore unnecessary to design a particular tracking velocity for each observation, and this will be obviously advantageous to the observation implementation. If the maximum tracking error of the fibers is 0.2″, then the fibers are required to be able to re-position during observational tracking for sky regions south of declination ＋20° and north of declination ＋60°.

关键词： telescopes -- atmospheric effects -- methods: analytical-- methods: statistical-- astrometry

Characteristics of the traditional Liu-Wei-Di-Huang prescription reassessed in modern pharmacology

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2019年第2期17卷 103-121页

作者： CHENG Xiao-Rui QI Chun-Hui WANG Tong-Xing ZHOU Wen-Xia zhang yong-xiang Academy of Military Medical Science Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures

Liu-Wei-Di-Huang(LW) is a Yin nourishing and kidney tonifying prescription in traditional Chinese medicine with promising pharmacological characteristics that can be further exploited and developed in modern medicine. We provide a comprehensive and detailed literature report on the clinical and experimental pharmacology of LW,including its quality control parameters, phytochemistry, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology. Our literature review indicates that the LW prescription possesses a unique combination of pharmacological characteristics that can be safely used for treating very different diseases. Quality control and pharmacokinetic parameters of LW are mostly based on its major bioactive phytochemical constituents. We postulate that modulating or rebalancing the neuroendocrine immunomodulation network in the body is the underlying mechanism of the multiple pharmacological activities displayed by LW.

关键词： Liu-Wei-Di-Huang Traditional Chinese medicine Pharmacology Phytochemistry Pharmacokinetics Toxicology

PL-5 Research and Development of Neurological and Psychiatric Drugs Supported by National Science and Technology Major Project of“Major New Drugs R&D”

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神经药理学报 2018年第4期8卷 17-18页

作者： zhang yong-xiang Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology BeijingChina

National Science and Technology Major Project of“Major New Drugs R&D”have made great achievements during nearly 10 years since it was launched in *** major drug research and development,a batch of innovative drugs for treatment of major diseases which seriously endanger the health of our people,such as cancer,cardiovascular disease,inflammatory disease,bacterial and virus bacterial infection diseases,etc.,have been successfully *** the other hand,a number of common clinical drugs have been reformed technically and the qualities of them are improved signifi cantly,aiming at the requirements of clinical *** research and development of new drugs of neuropsychiatric diseases are one of the important fi eld supported by“Major New Drugs R&D”*** to now,more that 180 new drug projects of neuropsychiatric diseases in different research and development stages have been supported by the project,and some of them have made signifi cant progresses and show potential and good prospects for *** example,Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides,an antidepressant,has been approved and available to the public.971,a new drug for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease,has completed phaseⅢclinical trials and obtained very good and encouraging ***,an antidepressant,is undergoing PhaseⅡclinical *** research of sustained-release microsphere of antipsychotic drug,risperidone,has made signifi cant *** period of the 13th Five-Year Plan is the fi nal fi ve years and fi nal stage for implementation of“Major New Drugs R&D”*** the economic and social development,the demands of protecting health and improving people’s livelihood are even greater and ***,it is of great signifi cance to implement“Major New Drugs R&D”Project better and *** the 13th Five-Year Plan,the project fully implements the innovation-driven development strategy,and further focuses on its purpose,emphasizes the key points and accelerates i

关键词： R&D treatment strategy advantage phase basic batch Phase

Conditional QTL Mapping of Sedimentation Volume on Seven Quality Traits in Common Wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第12期12卷 2125-2133页

作者： DENG Zhi-ying ZHAO Liang LIU Bin zhang Kun-pu CHEN Jian-sheng QU Hou-lan SUN Cai-ling zhang yong-xiang TIAN Ji-chun State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Shandong ProvinceDepartment of Agronomy/Group of Wheat Quality BreedingShandong Agricultural University Agricultural Technology Popularization Station State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Ministry of Science and Technology/Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Central Agricultural Technology Station

To evaluate the possible genetic interrelationships between flour components and the sedimentation volume（SD）,a doubled haploid（DH） population comprising 168 lines were used to identify the conditional quantitative trait loci（QTLs） for SD in three *** additive QTLs and 15 pairs of epistatic QTLs were detected for SD through unconditional and conditional QTL *** major additive QTLs were detected for SD conditioned on the seven quality *** additive QTLs were found to be independent of these *** additive QTLs were suppressed by three of the seven traits because of non-detection in unconditional *** pairs of epistatic QTLs were completely affected by the seven traits because of detection in unconditional mapping but no-detection in conditional *** pairs of epistatic QTLs were detected in conditional *** results indicated that conditional mapping could contribute to a better understanding of the interdependence of different and closely correlated traits at the QTL molecular level,especially some minor QTLs were *** conditional mapping approach provides new insights that will make it possible to avoid the disadvantages of different traits by breeding through molecular design.

关键词： wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) sedimentation volume conditional QTL mapping

Effects of LW-AFC on anxiety-like behavior and immune function in corticosterone-induced mice

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2019年第9期33卷 678-679页

作者： ZENG Ju CHENG Xiao-rui ZHOU Wen-xia zhang yong-xiang Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing 100850China State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures Beijing 100850China

OBJECTIVE Chronic stress is one of the important factors in the development of many mental and neurological diseases,and cause damage to the central nervous system,affect animal emotions and damage the immune function of the *** purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of LW-AFC which extracting from traditional Chinese medicine prescription Liuwei Dihuang decoctionon the anxiety-like behaviorand immune dysfunction abnormalities caused by chronic stress,and whether immune intervention affect the action of *** Male BALB/c mice were subcutaneously injected with corticosterone(25 mg·kg^-1)for 28 d to establish a chronic stress ***⁃phamide(Cy,80 mg·kg^-1)was injected continuously for the initial three days,followed by once a week,LW-AFC(1.6 g·kg^-1)was given continuously for 28 *** investigate the emotion changes by open field and elevated plus maze tests,and detected the lymphocyte proliferation,lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood,microglia and astrocyte expression,and inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood and brain *** The mice showed obvious depressive-like behaviorafter 28 d of continuous corticosterone ***-AFC could significantly improve the anxietybehavior induced by corticosterone injection,but LW-AFC could not improve the anxietybehavior of mice by Cy *** expression of glial cells in hippocampus of corticosterone-induced mice showed an upward trend,and the activation of microglia and astrocytes have significantly increase in corticosterone and Cy injected ***-AFC significantly decreased the activation of microglia and astrocytes in corticosterone-induced mice with Cy *** suggested that LW-AFC can reduce the damage of stress on the immune function of central nervous system under immunosuppres⁃sive ***,LW-AFC could significantly up-regulate the proliferation of splenic lymphocyte stimulated by LPS and ConA,up-regulate the proportion of CD3+CD8+cells,

关键词： LW-AFC corticosterone cyclophosphamide anxiety-like behavior glia cells lymphocyte inflammatory factors

CA-30,an active fraction derived from Liuwei Dihuang Decoction,ameliorates cognitive deterioration via intestinal microbiome

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2019年第9期33卷 654-655页

作者： ZHOU Wen-xia WANG Jian-hui LEI Xi zhang Xiao-rui CHENG Xiao-rui zhang yong-xiang Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures

Alzheimer disease(AD)is the leading cause of dementia that affects millions of elderly people *** currently available therapies have limited *** Dihuang formula(LW),a classical traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)prescription,has long been used to treat various diseases,including dementia.A great number of pharmacological studies have showed that LW and its active fractions had beneficial effects on AD associated cognitive *** recent study found that LW,especially its oligosaccharide fraction CA-30,could improve the gastrointestinal microbiota dysbiosis in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8(SAMP8),an AD mouse ***,we sought to determine the effects of CA-30 on the composition and function of the intestinal microbiome in SAMP8 *** with CA-30 decreased the degree of senescence,increased the nest building and locomotor activity,ameliorated the impairments in object recognition,spatial learningand memory behavour,and decreased the active avoidance response in SAMP8 ***,CA-30 improvedthe cytokine and hormone secretion and lymphocyte subset dysregulation in SAMP8 ***,we found that CA-30 altered the abundance of 4 genera and 10 newborn *** changes in carbohydrate-active enzymes of SAMP8 mice following CA-30 treatment,especially GH85,were also *** further found that 7 genera were significantly correlated with the NIM network and cognitive ***-30 influenced the relative abundance of these intestinal microbiomes in SAMP8 mice and restored them to SAMR1 mouse ***-30 ameliorated the intestinal microbiome,rebalanced the NIM network,improved the AD-like cognitive impairments in SAMP8,and might thus be a potential therapeutic agent for AD.

关键词： Alzheimer disease CA-30 oligosaccharide SAMP8 intestinal microbiome cognition neuroendocrine immunomodulation

Calculations for the Pre-Calibration of LAMOST Active Optics

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Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2005年第3期5卷 302-314页

作者： yong zhang and xiang-Qun Cui National Astronomical Observatories / Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210042 Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039 National Astronomical Observatories / Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210042 Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039

Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) is one of the major on-going national large scientific projects in China. Active optics is a key technology for the LAMOST with which the thin-mirror active optics and segmented-mirror active optics are tied in. A pre-calibration method considering all active forces and displacements specially for LAMOST has been developed in early 2004. We give a detailed mathematical derivation and calculation including numerical simulation and computer program realization of the pre-calibration method of LAMOST open-loop control for the third-order aspherical aberration. We have also carried out calculations on the application of the pre-calibration method and the parameters of actuator design in LAMOST active optics in observation mode, including estimations of the actuator ranges, the interval of active optics correction and the ranges and trends of load changes on all the actuators during LAMOST tracking a given star.

关键词： active optics telescopes instrumentation

The withdrawal of the U.S. from the Paris Agreement and its impact on global climate change governance

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2017年第4期8卷 213-219页

作者： zhang yong-xiang CHAO Qing-Chen ZHENG Qiu-Hong HUANG Lei National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China China Meteorological Administration Training Center Beijing 100081 China

The global community has prepared for the withdrawal of the U.S. from the Paris Agreement since Donald Trump was elected as the president of the U.S. However, Trump's formal declaration of withdrawal still caused worldwide reaction. Trump will use the withdrawal to build his political reputation and to renegotiate the Paris Agreement despite its negative effects on the political credibility, international relationships, and potential long-term economic growth of the U.S. In general, the withdrawal of the U.S. from the Paris Agreement will not change the development of low-carbon technologies and the transformation trend of the global climate governance regime. However, the long-term goals and international cooperation on climate change will be affected by budget cuts in American climate change research and the cancelation of donations from the multilateral environmental fund of the U.S. If the Paris Agreement is renegotiated, the common but differentiated principle of responsibility of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change will be challenged again. Nevertheless, climate change governance remains a main theme of future sustainable development. Instead of national governments, local governments and non-governmental organizations will develop strategies for technical innovation and emphasize pragmatic cooperation, thus expanding their roles in climate change governance. The capacity building on climate change research and public awareness should be enhanced as a long-term objective of global climate change governance.

关键词： U.S. withdraw Paris Agreement Global climate change governance Impact

Active fraction combination from Liuwei Dihuang decoction(LW-AFC) ameliorates corticosterone-induced long-term potentiation impairment in mice in vivo

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2019年第6期33卷 436-437页

作者： HUANG Yan LI Dong CHENG Bin LIU Gang zhang yong-xiang ZHOU Wen-xia Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures

Liuwei Dihuang decoction(LW), a classic formula in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), has been used for nearly one thousand years for various diseases with characteristic features of kidney yin deficiency. LW consists of 6herbs including Dihuang[prepared root of Rehmannia glutinosa(Gaertn) DC], Shanyao(rhizome of Dioscorea polystachya Turcz), Shanzhuyu(fruit of Cornus officinalis Siebold Zucc), Mudanpi(root bark of Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews),Zexie(rhizome of Alisma plantago-aquatica L) and Fuling(scleorotia of Wolfiporia extensa(Peck) Ginns)LW-active fraction combination(LW-AFC) is extracted from LW, it is effective for the treatment of kidney yin deficiency in many animal models. There are 3 fractions in LW-AFC, a polysaccharide fraction(LWB-B), a glycoside fraction(LWD-b) and an oligosaccharide fraction(CA-30). Our previous results indicate that LW-AFC has similar pharmacological effects to LW, modulating the balance of the NIM network. LW-AFC has positive effects in many animal models of kidney deficiency or disturbance of the NIM network. LW-AFC could improve the cognitive ability in Alzheimer′s disease(AD) animal models(APP/PS1, SAMP8), where modulating immune function and balancing the NIM network may play an important role in its cognition improving effects. Our study also showed that LW-AFC had protective effects on stress-induced disturbances of the NIM network. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive and need further investigation. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of LW-AFC and the active fractions(polysaccharide, LWB-B;glycoside, LWD-b;oligosaccharide,CA-30) on corticosterone(Cort)-induced long-term potentiation(LTP) impairment in vivo. METHODS LTP was used to evaluate the synaptic plasticity. LW-AFC was orally administered for seven days. The active fractions were given by either chronic administration(ig, ip, 7 d) or single administration(icv, ig, ip). Cort was injected subcutaneously 1 h before the high-frequency stimulation(HF

关键词： LW-active fraction combination active fractions corticosterone long-term potentiation synaptic plasticity stress