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Uniaxial Time-Dependent Ratcheting of SS304 Stainless Steel at High Temperatures

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2007年第1期14卷 53-59页

作者： KANG Guo-zheng zhang Juan SUN ya-fang KAN Qian-hua Department of Applied Mechanics and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 Sichuan China

The uniaxial time-dependent strain cyclic behaviors and ratcheting of SS304 stainless steel were studied at high temperatures （350 ℃ and 700 ℃）. The effects of straining and stressing rates, holding time at the peak and/or valley of each cycle in addition to ambient temperature on the cyclic softening/hardening behavior and ratcheting of the material were discussed. It can be seen from experimental results that the material presents remarkable time dependence at 700 ℃, and the ratcheting strain depends greatly on the stressing rate, holding time and ambient temperature. Some significant conclusions are obtained, which are useful to build a constitutive model describiog the time-dependent cyclic deformation of the material.

关键词： SS304 stainless steel time dependence ratcheting high temperature

State of research and trends in development of wood adhesives

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Forestry Studies in China 2011年第4期13卷 321-326页

作者： ZHAO Lei-feng LIU Yu XU Zheng-dong zhang ya-zhuo ZHAO fang zhang Shuang-bao College of Materials Science and Technology Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 P. R. China

We aim to present an overview of the status of adhesives in the wood industry, especially in the area of wood-based panels. The review summarizes the current state of research of two kinds of adhesives, i.e., synthetic adhesives and natural adhesives. Synthetic adhesives, consisting of urea-formaldehyde resins （UF）, phenol-formaldehyde resins （PF）, polyvinyl acetate emulsion （PVAc） and isocyanates, are widely used. For UF, most investigations are concerned with the reduction of free formaldehyde; for PF, most studies focus on finding new chemicals to replace phenol. PVAc has poor properties, but these can be improved by a blending reactions and copolymerization with other chemicals. Isocyanate is an environmentally friendly synthetic adhesive, but also suffers from inadequate properties. Natural adhesives, such as protein/starch, lignin and tannins, have poor bonding effect that limits their level of use, but their main advantages are that they are environmentally friendly and a renewable resource. Studies of modification can improve the bonding performances and gradually cause natural adhesives to become applied in industrial production. Some proposals for future development and the importance of environmentally friendly adhesives are provided, which will be helpful in future theoretical and experimental research.

关键词： synthetic adhesives natural adhesives main features development trend

Genome-Wide Association Studies Reveal New Genetic Targets for Five Panicle Traits of International Rice Varieties

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Rice science 2015年第5期22卷 217-226页

作者： zhang ya-fang MA Yu-yin CHEN Zong-xiang ZOU Jie CHEN Tian-xiao LI Qian-qian PAN Xue-biao ZUO Shi-min Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education Yangzhou University Department of Biochemical Engineering Yangzhou Polytechnic College

Narrow genetic background is a key limiting factor in breeding stable high-yielding rice. The introduction and utilization of international rice core germplasm is an important way to increase the genetic diversity of domestic rice varieties. We conducted a genome-wide association study on 5 panicle traits of 315 rice accessions introduced from the international rice micro-core germplasm bank. Based on the tests from yangzhou of China and Arkansas of American, environment exhibited a significant impacts on panicle length and primary branch number, while grain length, grain width and grain length/width ratio were insensitive to environment changes. We discovered a total of 7, 5, 10, 8 and 6 chromosomal regions or single nucleotide polymorphism marker loci that were significantly associated with primary branch number, panicle length, grain length, grain width and grain length/width ratio, respectively. Among them, eleven regions were associated with grain shape and one region associated with primary branch number, showing the good consistence in two different environments. Significant linear correlation was discovered between the average trait value and the number of favorable alleles carried by the varieties in all associated loci. Among the associated loci, varieties in aromatic and tropical japonica sub-groups possessed most favorable alleles, while those in temperate japonica sub-group contained the least. The domestic varieties mainly harbored unfavorable alleles in six of the associated loci being detected. On the contrary, 15 varieties from 11 different countries harbored more favorable alleles （as many as 30 or more） than the others. Remarkably, all these 15 varieties belonged to the tropical japonica sub-group. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that varieties in the tropical japonica sub-group had high potentials for breeding stable high-yielding rice. Based on this discovery, we proposed a new approach for improving the panicle traits of domestic rice by

关键词： international rice core germplasm panicle trait genome-wide association study favorableallele breeding utilization

Improvement of Rice Resistance to Sheath Blight by Pyramiding QTLs Conditioning Disease Resistance and Tiller Angle

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Rice science 2014年第6期21卷 318-326页

作者： ZUO Shi-min zhang ya-fang CHEN Zong-xiang JIANG Wei FENG Ming-hui PAN Xue-biao Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province College of Agriculture Yangzhou University/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education

Rice resistance to sheath blight （SB） is controlled by polygenes or quantitative trait loci （QTLs） and affected by plant morphological traits, qSB-9^TQ and TAG1^TQ, which control SB resistance and tiller angle （TA）, respectively, were employed to test whether the combination of the two genes will further improve rice SB resistance and reduce yield loss rather than only one of them or neither. Using two pairs of near isogenic lines （NILs）, TAC1^TQ was confirmed to contribute to SB resistance. However, its effect was less considerable than that of qSB-9^TQ. Subsequently, the two genes were introduced into two commercial rice varieties to develop a series of NILs. The NILs carrying both TAG1^TQ and qSB-9^TQ showed more resistance than the NILs containing only one of them. Comparing the grain yield per plant （GYP） under the three different SB disease conditions, namely slight, moderate and severe conditions, NILs carrying both genes apparently lost lower GYP than the NILs without the two genes and the NILs carrying only TAC1^TQ. Under slight disease condition, no significant differences were found on morphology, development and GYP associated traits except for TA between the NILs carrying both genes and either of them, indicating that the two genes have no inferior effect on rice agronomic traits. Results indicated that mAC1^TQ and qSB-9^TQ have high breeding potential, and pyramiding SB resistance QTL and morphological trait QTL is a potential approach in improving rice SB resistance.

关键词： breeding potential QTL pyramiding rice sheath blight yield

Three-dimensional structure of lymphatics in rabbit stomach

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 1998年第6期4卷 95-97页

作者： ZHONG Shu Qi 1, XU Yu Dong 2, zhang Yun fang 2, zhang ya fang 2, HAI Li Si 2 and TANG Feng Cai 2

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ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＲｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ，ｔｈｅｓｔｏｍａｃｈｌｙｍｐｈａｔｉｃｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｓｔｕｄｉｅｄ，ｂｕｔｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｄｉｆｅｒｅｎｔｏｐｉｎｉｏｎｓｏｎｔｈｅｌｙｍｐｈａｔｉｃｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｓｔｏｍａｃｈｌａｙ...

关键词： stomach corrosion casts lymphatics three dimensional structure

iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis of defense responses triggered by the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani infection in rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第1期21卷 139-152页

作者： FENG Zhi-ming GAO Peng ZHAO Jian-hua WANG Guang-da zhang Hui-min CAO Wen-lei XUE Xiang zhang ya-fang MA Yu-yin HUA Rong CHEN Zong-xiang CHEN Xi-jun HU Ke-ming ZUO Shi-min Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding Agricultural CollegeYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety Ministry of Education of China/Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology DevelopmentYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China yangzhou Polytechnic College Yangzhou 225000P.R.China Jiangsu Hongqi Seed Stock Co. Ltd.Taizhou 225311P.R.China

The soil-borne necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani is one of destructive fungi causing severe yield losses in various important crops. However, the host defense mechanisms against the invasion of this pathogen are poorly understood. In this study, we employed an i TRAQ-based quantitative proteomic approach to investigate host proteins responsive to R. solani using the resistant rice cultivar YSBR1. As a whole, we identified 319 differentially accumulated proteins(DAPs) after inoculation of rice plants with R. solani. Functional categorization analysis indicates that these DAPs cover a broad range of functions. Notably, a substantial portion of the DAPs are involved in cell redox homeostasis, carbohydrate metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, or belong to pathogenesis-related proteins, indicating that these processes/proteins play important roles in host defense against R. solani. Interestingly, all of the DAPs involved in photosynthesis and chlorophyll biosynthetic processes, and part of the DAPs involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, show reduced accumulation after R. solani infection, suggesting that R. solani probably inhibits host photosynthetic system and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis to facilitate infection and colonization. In conclusion, our results provide both valuable resources and new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying rice and R. solani interaction.

关键词： rice sheath blight Rhizoctonia solani proteomic defense response

Numerical simulation of dynamic fracture properties of rocks under different static stress conditions

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Journal of Central South University 2022年第2期29卷 624-644页

作者： LIANG Zheng-zhao QIAN Xi-kun zhang ya-fang LIAO Zhi-yi State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China College of Civil Engineering Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510000China

When underground cavities are subjected to explosive stress waves,a uniquely damaged zone may appear due to the combined effect of dynamic loading and static pre-load *** this study,a rate-dependent two-dimensional rock dynamic constitutive model was established to investigate the dynamic fractures of rocks under different static stress *** effects of the loading rate and peak amplitude of the blasting wave under different confining pressures and the vertical compressive coefficient(K_(0))were *** numerical simulated results reproduced the initiation and further propagation of primary radial crack fractures,which were in agreement with the experimental *** dynamic loading rate,peak amplitude,static vertical compressive coefficient(K_(0))and confining pressure affected the evolution of fractures around the *** heterogeneity parameter(m)plays an important role in the evolution of fractures around the *** crack propagation path became more discontinuous and rougher in a smallerheterogeneity parameter case.

关键词： rock mechanics coupled static and dynamic loading numerical simulation rate-dependent damage constitutive model

Literature Review on the Corpus Study of Lexical Bundles by Chinese EFL Learners

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海外英语 2019年第13期 254-255页

作者：张亚芳重庆交通职业学院

Different from other types of word combinations,lexical bundles are frequency-driven word combinations,which are characterized by incomplete structure,yet different functional discourse *** bundles are the important building blocks of *** use of lexical bundles contribute to fluent and accurate written and spoken *** paper collates,analyzes and summaries the literature reviews on lexical bundles both at home and abroad,to point out the present situation and weakness of the research on lexical bundles.

关键词： lexical bundles frequency-driven literature reviews

Fine mapping of a novel wax crystal-sparse leaf3 gene in rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第2期16卷 497-502页

作者： GONG Hong-bing ZENG Sheng-yuan XUE Xiang zhang ya-fang CHEN Zong-xiang ZUO Shi-min LI Chuang LIN Tian-zi JING De-dao YU Bo QIAN Hua-fei PAN Xue-biao SHENG Sheng-lan Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics Ministry of Education/ Agricultural College Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 P.R. China Zhenjiang Agricultural Research Institute Jurong 212400 P.R. China

Cuticular wax plays an important role in protecting plants against water loss and pathogen infection and in the adaptations to environmental stresses. The genetic mechanism of the biosynthesis and accumulation of epicuticular wax in rice remains largely unknown. Here, we show a spontaneous mutant displaying wax crystal-sparse leaves and decreased content of epicuticular wax that was derived from the cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） restorer line Zhenhui 714. Compared with the wild type Zhenhui 714, the mutant exhibited hydrophilic features on leaf surface and more sensitivity to drought stress. The mutation also caused lower grain number per panicle and thousand grain weight, leading to the decline of yield. Genetic analysis indicates that the mutation is controlled by a single recessive gene, named wax crystal-sparse leaf3 （wsl3）. Using segregation populations derived from crosses of mutant/Zhendao 88 and mutant/Wuyujing 3, respectively, the wsl3 gene was fine-mapped to a 110-kb region between markers c3-16 and c3-22 on chromosome 3. According to the rice reference genome and gene analysis, we conclude that a novel gene/mechanism involved in regulation of rice cuticular wax formation.

关键词： rice cuticular wax wax crystal-sparse fine mapping