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N Accumulation and Translocation in Four Japonica Rice Cultivars at Different N Rates

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Pedosphere 2007年第6期17卷 792-800页

作者： zhang yao-Hong fan jian-bo zhang ya-li wang dong-sheng HUANG qi-Wei shen qi-rong college of resources and environmental sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 （China）

Developing high-yielding rice(Oryza sativa L.)cultivars depends on having a better understanding of nitrogen(N) accumulation and translocation to the ear during the reproductive *** experiments were carried out to evaluate the genetic variation for N accumulation and translocation in different Japonica rice cultivars at different N rates and to identify any relationship to grain yield in southeast *** Japonica cultivars with similar agronomic characteristics were grown at two experimental sites in 2004 with three N rates of 0,60,and 180 kg N ha^(-1).Dry weights and N contents of rice plants were measured at tillering,initiation,anthesis,and *** yields exhibited significant differences (Plication *** N rates improved N uptake at anthesis and maturity in all four cultivars(Plinear to N uptake at anthesis(r^2=0.78^(**))and N translocation(r^2=0.67^(**)).Thus,cultivars with a high N uptake at anthesis,low residual N in the straw at maturity,and appropriate low N fertilizer supply in southeast China should efficiently increase N-recovery rate while maintaining grain yield and soil fertility.

关键词： rain yield Japonica rice cultivar N accumulation N application rate N translocation

Root Physiological and Morphological Characteristics of Two Rice Cultivars with Different Nitrogen-Use Efficiency

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Pedosphere 2010年第4期20卷 446-455页

作者： fan jian-bo zhang ya-li D. TURNER DUAN Yin-Hua wang dong-sheng shen qi-rong jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Solid Organic Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095(China) college of resources and environmental sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 (China) Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 (China) School of Resource Management The University of MelbourneVictoria 3010 (Australia)

The variation in nitrogen （N） uptake by rice has been widely studied but differences in rice root morphology that may contribute to this variation are not completely understood. Field and greenhouse experiments were carried out to study N accumulation, root dry weights, total root lengths, root surface areas, and root bleeding rates of two rice cultivars, Elio with low N-use efficiency and Nanguang with high N-use efficiency. Low （1 mmol N L^-1） and high （5 mmol N L^-1） N applications were established in the greenhouse experiment, and the N rates were 0, 120, and 240 kg ha^-1 in the field experiments at jiangning and jiangpu farms, nanjing, China. The results showed that the N accumulation, root dry weight, total root length, and root surface area increased with an increase in N application. At the heading stage, N accumulation in the shoots and roots of Nanguang was greater than that of Elio in the field experiments and that of Elio at 5 mmol N L^-1 in the greenhouse experiment. After the heading stage, N accumulation was higher for Nanguang at both 1 and 5 mmol N L^-1 in the greenhouse experiment. The total root length and root surface area were significantly different between the two cultivars. Over the range of the fertilizer application rates, the root lengths of Nanguang at jiangning Farm were 49%-6170 greater at booting and 26%-39% greater at heading than those of Elio, and at jiangpu Farm they were 22%-42% and 26%-38% greater, respectively. Nanguang had a greater root bleeding rate than Elio. It was concluded that the N-use efficiency of the two rice cultivars studied depended to a great extent on the root morphological parameters and root physiological characteristics at different growth stages.

关键词： N accumulation root bleeding rate root dry weight root surface area total root length

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外源富氢水对盐胁迫下绿豆幼苗生长的影响

土壤通报 2024年第4期55卷 1014-1021页

作者：武泉栋姚玲崔健张丁郭锋申慧芳王新妤王晋山西农业大学资源环境学院山西太谷030801 山西农业大学农学院山西太谷030801 山西农业大学基础部山西太谷030801

【目的】盐胁迫是制约绿豆生长最严重的非生物胁迫之一,如何缓解绿豆盐胁迫已成为植物抗逆研究方面的重要课题。富氢水作为一种新型外源添加物质在提高植物抗逆性方面发挥着重要作用,本文旨在探究外源富氢水缓解绿豆盐胁迫的可行性。【... 详细信息

【目的】盐胁迫是制约绿豆生长最严重的非生物胁迫之一,如何缓解绿豆盐胁迫已成为植物抗逆研究方面的重要课题。富氢水作为一种新型外源添加物质在提高植物抗逆性方面发挥着重要作用,本文旨在探究外源富氢水缓解绿豆盐胁迫的可行性。【方法】以绿豆幼苗为试验材料,采用沙培方式,从幼苗生长指标、光合色素含量和抗逆性指标三方面,研究根灌不同浓度富氢水(25%、50%和100%)对盐含量1.5 g kg^(-1)盐胁迫下绿豆幼苗的缓解效应。【结果】与非盐胁迫对照相比,在1.5 g kg^(-1)盐胁迫处理下,绿豆幼苗生长和叶片光合色素含量受到明显抑制,丙二醛、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的含量明显增加。与1.5 g kg^(-1)盐胁迫、非富氢水处理相比,施加不同浓度富氢水(25%、50%、100%)处理均有效促进绿豆幼苗根系和地上部生长,丙二醛的含量显著降低,叶绿素、可溶性糖含量显著增加(P<0.05)。【结论】外源不同浓度富氢水处理均能缓解绿豆幼苗盐胁迫,其中50%富氢水处理的缓解效果最佳。利用外源富氢水缓解盐胁迫的成本较低、操作简单、不会对环境造成污染,研究结果对外源富氢水缓解绿豆幼苗盐胁迫方面的应用具有一定的指导意义。

关键词：绿豆富氢水盐胁迫幼苗

Breeding against mycorrhizal symbiosis:Modern cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties perform more poorly than older varieties except at very high phosphorus supply levels

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第3期22卷 701-715页

作者： wang Xin-xin zhang Min sheng jian-dong FENG Gu Thomas W.KUYPER college of resources and environmental sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193P.R.China State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Mountain Area Research Institute Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001P.R.China college of Resource and environmental sciences Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi 830052P.R.China Soil Biology Group Wageningen University&ResearchWageningen 6700AAThe Netherlands

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an importantfiber cash crop,but its root traits related to phosphorus (P) acquisition,including mycorrhizal root traits,are poorly *** cotton varieties bred in northwestern China that were released between 1950 and 2013 were grown in pots with or without one arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) species(Funneliformis mosseae) at three P supply levels (0,50 and 300 mg P as KH_(2)PO_(4)kg^(-1)).Eleven root traits were measured and calculated after 7 wk of *** more recent accessions had smaller root diameters,acquired less P and produced less biomass,indicating an (inadvertent) varietal selection for thinner roots that provided less cortical space for AMF,which then increased the need for a high P fertilizer *** the two lower P levels,the mycorrhizal plants acquired more P and produced more biomass than non-mycorrhizal plants (3.2 vs.0.9 mg P per plant;1.8 vs.0.9 g biomass per plant at P_(0);14.5 vs.1.7 mg P per plant;and 4.7 vs.1.6 g biomass per plant at P_(50)).At the highest P level,the mycorrhizal plants acquired more P than non-mycorrhizal plants (18.8 vs.13.4 mg per P plant),but there was no difference in biomass (6.2 vs.6.3 g per plant).At the intermediate P level,root diameter was significantly positively correlated with shoot biomass,P concentration and the P content of mycorrhizal *** results of our study support the importance of the outsourcing model of P acquisition in the root economics space *** varietal selection in the last decades,resulting in thinner roots and a lower benefit from AMF,has led to a lower productivity of cotton varieties at moderate P supply (i.e.,when mycorrhizal,the average biomass of older varieties 5.0 g per plant *** of newer varieties 4.4 g per plant),indicating the need to rethink cotton breeding efforts in order to achieve high yields without very high P *** feasible way to solve the problem of inadvertent varietal selection for cotto

关键词： cotton varieties plant breeding arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi root economics space outsourcing phosphorus acquisition

Chronic Nitrogen Fertilization Modulates Competitive Interactions Among Microbial Ammonia Oxidizers in a Loess Soil

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Pedosphere 2019年第1期29卷 24-33页

作者： dong Xingchen zhang jian qiU Huizhen zhang He LUO Chaoyue DENG Delei shen qirong JIA Zhongjun college of resources and environmental sciences Gansu Agricultural University Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science Gansu Agricultural University college of resources and environmental sciences Nanjing Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nitrogen(N) application may lead to niche segregation of soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) and bacteria(AOB), thereby reducing the competitive interactions between AOA and AOB due to higher ammonium substrate availability. However, the adaptive mechanisms of AOA and AOB under N enrichment remain poorly understood. Stable isotope probing(SIP) microcosm incubation was employed to reveal community changes of active AOA and AOB in a loess soil from a field experiment growing potatoes that received no N(control, CK), low N(LN, 75 kg N ha^(-1)), and high N(HN, 375 kg N ha^(-1)). The results showed that the soil potential nitrification rate(PNR) was measured by culturing of the soil samples from the field experiment. Soil PNR was significantly increased in HN by87.5% and 67.5% compared with CK and LN, respectively. Compared with CK, the^(13)C-amoA genes of soil AOA and AOB in HN had 2.58 × 10~4 and 1.55 × 10~6 copies, representing 1.6-and 16.2-fold increase respectively. It was indicated that AOB dominated soil ammonia oxidation. A phylogenetic analysis of the^(13)C-amoA gene showed that N application significantly increased the proportion of54 d9-like AOA up to 90% in HN, while the Nitrososphaera gargensis-like and Nitrososphaera viennensis-like AOA were inhibited and completely disappeared. Nitrogen application also resulted in the community shift of active AOB-dominant group from Nitrosospira briensis-like to Nitrosospira sp. TCH711-like. Our study provides compelling evidence for the emergence and maintenance of active nitrifying communities under the intensified N input to an agricultural ecosystem.

关键词： ammonia monooxygenase ammonia-oxidizing archaea ammonia-oxidizing bacteria chronic nitrogen application microbial community potential nitrification rate stable isotope probing

Investigation and analysis of the linkage mechanism and whole process cost of livestock manure organic fertilizer

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International Journal of agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第2期13卷 223-227页

作者： Shanshan dong Bin Sui Yujun shen Haibo Meng lixin Zhao Jingtao Ding Haibin Zhou Xi zhang Hongsheng Cheng jian wang Ran li liqiu Song Pengxiang Xu Ji li Institute of Energy and environmental Protection Academy of Agricultural Planning and EngineeringMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100125China Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from agricultural resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100125China Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Waste Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100125China college of resources and environmental sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

In recent years,the utilization of manure resources for livestock and poultry farming has attracted a widespread attention,and manure resources utilization models suitable for different regional characteristics have formed *** them,the production of organic fertilizer from animal manure is a vital utilization ***,there are still some problems such as high production costs,difficult sales,and the unwillingness of farmers to use organic fertilizers which have affected the breeding cycle and the sustainability of manure treatment in livestock and poultry *** article selected 371 organic fertilizer plants,related farms and farmers in China,focusing on the main links of the entire process of livestock manure-organic fertilizer-farm application,and studied the mode of animal manure collection by organic fertilizer *** costs of organic fertilizer production and farmland application were ***,suggestions were made for the promotion and implementation of large-scale organic fertilizers to make good utilization of manure resources in livestock and poultry farming.

关键词： livestock manure organic fertilizer compost production cost application cost

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水稻氮素高效吸收利用机理研究进展

南京农业大学学报 2008年第2期31卷 129-134页

作者：樊剑波张亚丽王东升段英华叶利庭沈其荣南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院江苏南京210095

基于经济效益和环境保护的考虑,近年来水稻的氮素利用效率引起了大家的重视。不同基因型水稻对氮素利用效率存在明显差异。氮素利用效率可分为吸收和生理利用效率两部分,它们对氮素利用效率的贡献率受到水稻生育期和供氮水平两方面的影... 详细信息

基于经济效益和环境保护的考虑,近年来水稻的氮素利用效率引起了大家的重视。不同基因型水稻对氮素利用效率存在明显差异。氮素利用效率可分为吸收和生理利用效率两部分,它们对氮素利用效率的贡献率受到水稻生育期和供氮水平两方面的影响。从水稻根系特征、库容量、齐穗后的碳与氮的转运、光合作用和增硝营养等与水稻氮素利用效率关系密切的生理生化机制进行了阐述,最后对该领域今后的重点研究方向进行了展望。

关键词：水稻氮利用效率吸收效率生理利用效率

添加剂对牛粪堆肥不同阶段真菌群落演替的影响

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中国环境科学 2019年第12期39卷 5173-5181页

作者：葛勉慎周海宾沈玉君孟海波周俊董姗姗李冉张曦程红胜王健南京工业大学生物与制药工程学院江苏南京211816 农业农村部规划设计研究院农村能源与环保研究所农业农村部资源循环利用技术与模式重点实验室北京100125

为研究物理添加剂对牛粪堆肥过程中真菌群落结构的影响,以牛粪和小麦秸秆为原料,以生物炭、火山石作为添加剂,进行了为期30d的堆肥实验.结果表明,好氧发酵基本实现牛粪无害化和稳定化的要求.高通量测序结果显示,堆肥原料中Wallemia占主... 详细信息

为研究物理添加剂对牛粪堆肥过程中真菌群落结构的影响,以牛粪和小麦秸秆为原料,以生物炭、火山石作为添加剂,进行了为期30d的堆肥实验.结果表明,好氧发酵基本实现牛粪无害化和稳定化的要求.高通量测序结果显示,堆肥原料中Wallemia占主导地位,相对丰度达到86.85%;堆肥高温阶段,空白处理和火山石处理中Wallemia、Aspergillus为优势菌属,而生物炭处理中Scedosporium、Acremonium、相对丰度较高;降温阶段,Mycothermus和Thermomyces占优势,添加生物炭的处理中Thermomyces的相对丰度较其他两个处理高.腐熟阶段,3个处理中Mycothermus的相对丰度均为最高,而火山石的添加增加了Remersonia及Trichosporon的相对丰度.Spearman相关性分析结果表明,牛粪堆肥过程中Mycothermus与GI、TN、TP、NH4+-N、含水率、pH值、VS、脲酶显著相关(P<0.05).本研究从真菌变化的角度,为牛粪好氧发酵机理研究与工艺优化提供参考.

关键词：牛粪堆肥生物炭火山石真菌群落结构

The second natural gas hydrate production test in the South China Sea

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China Geology 2020年第2期3卷 197-209页

作者： jian-liang Ye Xu-wen qin Wen-wei Xie Hai-long Lu Bao-jin Ma Hai-jun qiu Jin-qiang liang Jing-an Lu Zeng-gui Kuang Cheng Lu qian-yong liang Shi-peng Wei yan-jiang Yu Chunsheng liu Bin li Kai-xiang shen Hao-xian Shi qiu-ping Lu Jing li Bei-bei Kou Gang Song bo li He-en zhang Hong-feng Lu Chao Ma Yi-fei dong Hang Bian China Geological Survey Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100037China Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesGuangzhou 510075China Institute of Exploration Techniques China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesLangfang 065000China Peking university Beijing 100871China CNPC Offshore Engineering Company limited Beijing 100102China Oil and Gas resources Survey China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100083China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 510000China

Clayey silt reservoirs bearing natural gas hydrates(NGH)are considered to be the hydrate-bearing reservoirs that boast the highest reserves but tend to be the most difficult to *** are proved to be exploitable by the first NGH production test conducted in the South China Sea in *** on the understanding of the first production test,the China Geological Survey determined the optimal target NGH reservoirs for production test and conducted a detailed assessment,numerical and experimental simulation,and onshore testing of the *** that,it conducted the second offshore NGH production test in 1225 m deep shenhu Area,South China Sea(also referred to as the second production test)from October 2019 to April *** the second production test,a series of technical challenges of drilling horizontal wells in shallow soft strata in deep sea were met,including wellhead stability,directional drilling of a horizontal well,reservoir stimulation and sand control,and accurate *** a result,30 days of continuous gas production was achieved,with a cumulative gas production of 86.14×104 ***,the average daily gas production is 2.87×10^4 m^3,which is 5.57 times as much as that obtained in the first production ***,both the cumulative gas production and the daily gas production were highly improved compared to the first production *** indicated by the monitoring results of the second production test,there was no anomaly in methane content in the seafloor,seawater,and atmosphere throughout the whole production *** successful production test further indicates that safe and effective NGH exploitation is feasible in clayey silt NGH *** industrialization of hydrates consists of five stages in general,namely theoretical research and simulation experiments,exploratory production test,experimental production test,productive production test,and commercial *** second production test serves as an important step

关键词： Natural gas hydrates Second production test Horizontal well Reservoir stimulation environmental impact NGH exploration trial engineering South China Sea