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Exploring the HONO source during the COVID-19 pandemic in a megacity in China

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第3期149卷 616-627页

作者： Mingkai Wang Shenbo Wang Ruiqin zhang Minghao Yuan Yifei Xu Luqi Shang Xinshuai Song Xinyuan zhang Yunxiang zhang School of Ecology and Environment Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450000China Research Institute of Environmental Sciences Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450000China Zhengzhou Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Henan Province Zhengzhou 450000China College of Chemistry Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450000China

HONO is a critical precursor of•OH,but its sources are controversial due to its complex formation *** study conducted comprehensive observations in Zhengzhou from April 26 to May 11,*** NO_(x)concentrations were observed during the Covid epidemic period(EP)(10.4±3.0 ppb),compared to the pre-epidemic period(PEP)(12.5±3.8 ppb).The mean HONO concentration during EP(0.53±0.34 ppb)was 0.09 ppb lower than that during PEP(0.62±0.53 ppb).The decrease in HONO concentration during EP came mainly at night due to the reduction in the direct emission(P_(emi))(0.03 ppb/hr),the homogeneous reaction between•OHandNO(P_(OH+NO))(0.02 ppb/hr),and the heterogeneous conversion of NO_(2)on the ground(0.01 ppb/hr).Notably,there was no significant change in daytime HONO *** daytime HONO budget indicated that the primary HONO sources during PEP were the nitrate photolysis(P_(nitrate)),followed by the P_(OH+NO),Pemi,the photo-enhanced reaction of NO_(2)on the ground(P_(ground+hv))and aerosol surface(Paerosol+hv).The primary HONO sources were Pnitrate,POH+NO,P_(emi),and_(Paerosol+hv)during EP,*** missing source has a high correlation with solar radiation,there might be other photo-related HONO sources or the contributions of photosensitized reactions were *** the extremely underestimated cases,HONO production rates fromthe P_(nitrate),P_(ground+hv),and Paerosol+hv increased by 0.17,0.10,and 0.10 ppb/hr during PEP,0.23,0.13,and 0.16 ppb/hr during EP,and P_(nitrate)was still the primary source during both PEP and EP.

关键词： Nitrous acid Nitrogen oxides COVID-19 HONO budget Unknown sources

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Effects of surface fluoride modification on TiO_(2)for the photocatalytic oxidation of toluene

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 561-570页

作者： Shaoyu Yuan Min Chen Xiaoxiao Qin Xueyan Chen Jianghao zhang Changbin zhang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

In the present study,we investigated the influence of surface fluorine(F)on TiO_(2)for the photocatalytic oxidation(PCO)of ***_(2)modified with different F content was prepared and *** was found that with the increasing of F content,the toluene conversion rate first increased and then ***,CO_(2)mineralization efficiency showed the opposite *** on the characterizations,we revealed that F substitutes the surface hydroxyl of TiO_(2)to form the structure of≡*** presence of the appropriate amount of surface≡Ti-F on TiO_(2)greatly enhanced the separation of photogenerated carriers,which facilitated the generation of·OH and promoted the activity for the PCO of *** was further revealed that the increase of only·OH promoted the conversion of toluene to ring-containing intermediates,causing the accumulation of intermediates and then conversely inhibited the·OH generation,which led to the decrease of the CO_(2)mineralization *** above results could provide guidance for the rational design of photocatalysts for toluene oxidation.

关键词： Photocatalysis TiO_(2) Toluene Fluorine

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Adsorption of typical NDMA precursors by superfine powdered activated carbon:Critical role of particle size reduction

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 101-113页

作者： Ying Wang Zhichen zhang Zhihang Yin Jun Wang Xiaojian zhang Chao Chen State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Research Institute for Environmental Innovation(Suzhou) TsinghuaSuzhou 215163China

Control of N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA)in drinking water could be achieved by removing its precursors as one practical ***,superfine powdered activated carbons with a diameter of about 1μm(SPACs)were successfully prepared by grinding powdered activated carbon(PAC,D50=24.3μm)and applied to remove model NDMA precursors,***(RAN)and nizatidine(NIZ).Results fromgrain diameter experiments demonstrated that the absorption velocity increased dramatically with decreasing particle size,and the maximum increase in k2 was 26.8-folds for RAN and 33.4-folds for ***,kinetic experiments explained that rapid absorption could be attributed to the acceleration of intraparticle diffusion due to the shortening of the diffusion ***,performance comparison experiments suggested that the removal of RAN and NIZ(C_(0)=0.5 mg/L)could reach 61.3%and 60%,respectively,within 5 min,when the dosage of SAPC-1.1(D_(50)=1.1μm)was merely 5 mg/L,while PAC-24.3 could only eliminate 17.5%and 18.6%.The adsorption isotherm was well defined by Langmuir isotherm model,indicating that the adsorption of RAN/NIZ was a monolayer coverage *** adsorption of RAN or NIZ by SAPC-1.1 and PAC-24.3 was strongly pH dependent,and high adsorption capacity could be observed under the condition of pH>pk_(a)+*** coexistence of humic acid(HA)had no significant effect on the adsorption performance because RAN/NIZ may be coupled with HA and removed *** coexistence of anions had little effect on the adsorption *** study is expected to provide an alternative strategy for drinking water safety triggered by NDMA.

关键词： Adsorption NDMA Kinetics Superfine powdered activated carbon Intraparticle diffusion Drinking water

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Structural and microwave absorption properties of CoFe_(2)O_(4)/residual carbon composites

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 221-232页

作者： Yuanchun zhang Shengtao Gao Xingzhao zhang Dacheng Ma Chuanlei Zhu Jun He Joint National-Local Engineering Research Centre for Safe and Precise Coal Mining Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China

Electromagnetic interference,which necessitates the rapid advancement of substances with exceptional capabilities for bsorbing electromagnetic waves,is of urgent concern in contemporary *** this work,CoFe_(2)O_(4)/residual carbon from coal gasification fine slag(CFO/RC)composites were created using a novel hydrothermal *** mechanisms for microwave absorption,including conductive loss,natural resonance,interfacial dipole polarization,and magnetic flux loss,are involved in these ***,compared with pure residual carbon materials,this composite offers superior capabilities in microwave *** 7.76GHz,the CFO/RC-2 composite achieves an impressive minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))of-43.99 dB with a thickness of 2.44 ***,CFO/RC-3 demonstrates an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of up to 4.16 GHz,accompanied by a thickness of *** study revealed the remarkable capability of the composite to diminish electromagnetic waves,providing a new generation method for microwave absorbing materials of superior quality.

关键词： coal gasification slag residual carbon hydrothermal method microwave absorption CoFe_(2)O_(4)

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Nano high-entropy oxide cathode with enhanced stability for direct borohydride fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 309-316页

作者： Lei zhang Lingfeng Kuang Lianke zhang Wen Chu Haiying Qin Jing zhang Junjing He Hualiang Ni Hongzhong Chi New Energy Materials Research Center College of Materials and Environmental EngineeringHangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018ZhejiangChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027ZhejiangChina Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education School of Integrated CircuitsSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096JiangsuChina

High-entropy materials have become high-activity electrocatalysis owing to their high-entropy effect and multiple active ***,we synthesize a series of carbon-supported nano high-entropy oxides(HEOs/C),specifically (PtFeCoNiCu)O/C,using a carbothermal shock (CTS) method for application as a cathode catalyst in direct borohydride fuel cells (DBFCs).The microstructure of the prepared catalysts was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,X-ray absorption fine structure,and transmission electron *** prepared (PtFeCoNiCu)O/C,with particle sizes ranging from 2 to 4 nm,demonstrates 3.94 transferred electrons towards the oxygen reduction reaction in an alkaline environment,resulting in a minimal H_(2)O_(2)yield of 2.6%.Additionally,it exhibits a Tafel slope of 61 mV dec-1,surpassing that of commercial Pt/C (82 mV dec-1).Furthermore,after 40,000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry(CV) testing,the half-wave potential of (PtFeCoNiCu)O/C shows a positive shift of 3 mV,with no notable decline in the limiting current *** (PtFeCoNiCu)O/C is used as a cathode catalyst in DBFCs,the DBFC achieves a maximum power density of 441 mW cm^(-2)at 60°C and sustains a cell voltage of approximately 0.73 V after 52 h at 30°*** findings confirm that HEO/C is a promising cathode catalyst for DBFCs.

关键词： High-entropy oxides Oxygen reduction reaction Carbothermal shock Stability Direct borohydride fuel cells

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Preparation of hierarchical MoS_(2)microsphere/BN composites for microwave absorption and thermal management

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第3期32卷 718-727页

作者： Haoliang Wen Weidong zhang College of Chemical Engineering Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China

The increase in the utilization of infrared heat detection technology in military applications necessitates research on composites with improved thermal transmission performance and microwave absorption *** study satisfactorily fabricated a series of MoS_(2)/BN-xyz composites(which were characterized by the weight ratio of MoS_(2)to BN,denoted by xy:z)through chemical vapor depos-ition,which resulted in their improved thermal stability and thermal transmission *** results show that the remaining mass of MoS_(2)/BN-101 was as high as 69.25wt%at 800℃under air atmosphere,and a temperature difference of 31.7℃was maintained between the surface temperature and the heating source at a heating temperature of 200℃.Furthermore,MoS_(2)/BN-301 exhibited an im-pressive minimum reflection loss value of-32.21 dB at 4.0 mm and a wide effective attenuation bandwidth ranging from 9.32 to 18.00 GHz(8.68 GHz).Therefore,these simplified synthesized MoS_(2)/BN-xyz composites demonstrate great potential as highly efficient con-tenders for the enhancement of microwave absorption performance and thermal conductance.

关键词： microwave absorbers thermal transmission hierarchical molybdenum disulfide microsphere boron nitride nanosheets

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Deuterated chloroform replaces ultra-dry chloroform to achieve high-efficient organic solar cells

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第1期36卷 369-373页

作者： Zhiyang zhang Yi Chen Yingnan zhang Chuanlang Zhan Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Chemistry and Devices(AMCDLab)of the Department of Education of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region College of Chemistry and Environment ScienceInner Mongolia Normal UniversityHuhehot 010022China

Chloroform is a common and excellent solvent for preparing high-efficient organic solar cells(OSCs),however,it is toxic and poisonable *** comparisons,deuterated chloroform(DC)is less toxic and costly,and particularly,it is non-poisonable *** this paper,we use DC to replace ultra-dry chloroform(UC)as the processing solvent for preparation of active layers of organic solar ***,we selected PM6:BTP-e C9 as the basic binary and counted 100 solar cells'data,from which comparable device performance were obtained with use of DC and ***,DC showed better reproducibility,superior storage under a nitrogen atmosphere and a little better performance than *** DC and UC gave rise of comparable hole and electron mobilities and similar charge recombination ***,we based PM6:Y6 and D18-Cl:Y6 as the binaries and similar effects were obtained from both UC and DC when counting 30 devices for each ***,the universality of the use of DC for preparing highefficient OSCs were again checked with several binary and ternary *** all,this study demonstrate that DC can replace UC for use in the field of OSCs.

关键词： Organic solar cell Processing solvent Deuterated chloroform Ultra-dry chloroform Active layer

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Aluminum foam as buffer layer used in soft rock tunnel with large deformation

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Journal of Mountain Science 2025年第1期22卷 324-336页

作者： WU Faquan MIAO Binxin TIAN Yun zhang Fang zhang Chaoxuan School of Civil Engineering Shaoxing UniversityShaoxing 312000China Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards of Zhejiang Province Shaoxing 312000China School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Taizhou UniversityTaizhou 318000China

The squeezing deformation of surrounding rock is an important factor restricting the safe construction and long-term operation of tunnels when a tunnel passes through soft strata with high ground *** such soft rock geological conditions,the large deformation of the surrounding rock can easily lead to the failure of supporting structures,including shotcrete cracks,spalling,and steel arch *** improve the lining support performance during the large deformation of squeezed surrounding rock,this work selects aluminum foam with densities of 0.25 g/cm3,0.42 g/cm3 and 0.61 g/cm3 as the buffer layer material and carries out uniaxial confined compression *** the evaluation and analysis of energy absorption and the comparison of the yield pressure of aluminum foam with those of other cushioning materials and yield pressure support systems,the strength,deformation and energy absorption of aluminum foam with a density of 0.25 g/cm3 meet the yield pressure performance *** numerical model of the buffer layer yielding support system is then established via the finite element analysis software ABAQUS,and the influence of the buffer layer setting on the lining support is *** with the conventional support scheme,the addition of an aluminum foam buffer layer can reduce the stress and deformation of the primary support and secondary *** maximum and minimum principal stresses of the primary support are reduced by 13%and 15%,*** maximum and minimum principal stresses of the secondary lining are reduced by 15%and 12%,respectively,and the displacement deformation of the secondary lining position is reduced by 15%.In summary,the application of aluminum foam buffer layer can reduce the stress and deformation of the primary support and secondary lining,improve the stress safety of the support and reduce the deformation of the support.

关键词： Soft rock tunnel Uniaxial confined compression Aluminum foam Buffer layer Yielding support

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Mach reflection and pressure/heating loads on V-shaped blunt leading edges with variable cross-sections and crotches

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第1期38卷 271-285页

作者： Tao zhang Xuhui zhang Luoyu RAO Chongguang SHI Chengxiang ZHU Yancheng YOU School of Aerospace Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China China Academy of Aerospace Science and Innovation Beijing 100176China

The primary Mach Reflection(MR)and pressure/heating loads on V-shaped Blunt Leading Edges(VBLEs)with variable elliptic cross-sections and conic crotches are theoretically investigated in this *** simplified continuity method is used to forecast the shock *** theoretical predictions and the numerical simulations for the Mach stem and the triple point as well as the curved shock accord *** on the theoretical model,an analysis of the impact of the axial ratio a/b of the cross-sectional shape and the eccentricity e of the crotch sweep path on shock structures is carried *** shock configurations obtained from the theoretical model enable the derivation of the transition boundaries between the primary MR and the same family Regular Reflection(sRR).It is found that the increase of a/b and e can both facilitate the primary MR to sRR *** resulting transition and the corresponding generation of the wall pressure and heat flux are then *** results indicate that higher values of the ratio a/b can significantly reduce the wall pressure and heating loads by inducing the primary MR to sRR ***,the increase in the eccentricity e results in increased loads,despite causing the same transition.

关键词： Aerodynamics Hypersonic flow Shock waves Heat flux V-shaped blunt leading edges

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Co_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)modified residual carbon as an excellent microwave absorber

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第3期32卷 534-545页

作者： Yuanchun zhang Dacheng Ma Xingzhao zhang Chuanlei Zhu Shengtao Gao School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China Joint National-Local Engineering Research Centre for Safe and Precise Coal Mining Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China

Microwave absorbers have great potential for military and civil ***,Co_(0.5Z)n_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)/residual carbon(CZFO/RC)composites have been successfully prepared using a hydrothermal *** was derived from coal gasification fine slag(CGFS)via pickling,which removes inorganic *** test means have been used to study the chemical composition,crys-tal structure,and micromorphology of the CZFO/RC composites,as well as their electromagnetic parameters and microwave absorption(MA)*** CZFO/RC composites exhibit excellent MA performance owing to their dielectric and magnetic *** the thickness of CZFO/RC-2(FeCl_(3)·6H_(2)O of 0.007 mol,ZnCl_(2)of 0.00175 mol,and CoCl_(2)·6H_(2)O of 0.00175 mol)is 1.20 mm,the minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))is-56.24 dB,whereas at a thickness of 3.00 mm and 6.34 GHz,RL_(min) is-45.96 dB and the maximum effective ab-sorption bandwidth is 1.83 GHz(5.53-7.36 GHz).Dielectric loss includes interface and dipole polarizations,while magnetic loss includes current and remnant magnetic ***/RC-2 exhibits high impedance matching,allowing microwave to enter the *** com-puter simulation technology confirms that CZFO/RC-2 considerably decreases the radar *** study can be used to promote the use of CGFS as electromagnetic wave(EMW)-absorbing materials.

关键词： cobalt-zinc ferrite residual carbon microwave absorption coal gasification fine slag coal-based solid waste

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