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Spatial variability of soil hydraulic conductivity and runoff generation types in a small mountainous catchment

Journal of mountain Science 2020年第11期17卷 2724-2741页

作者： YANG Yong CHEN ren-sheng SONG Yao-xuan HAN Chun-tan LIU zhang-wen LIU jun-feng Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology Inland River BasinNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of Urban and environmental sciences Northwest UniversityXi'an 710127China

As an important soil property,saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ks)controls many hydrological processes,such as runoff generation types,soil moisture storage and water *** of the extremely harsh natural environmental conditions and soil containing a significant fraction of gravel fragments in high-elevation mountainous catchments,the measurement data of Ks and other soil properties are seriously lacking,which leads to poor understanding on its hydrological processes and water *** this study,the vertical variation(0-150 cm)of Ks and other soil properties from 38 soil profiles were measured under five different land cover types(alpine barren,forest,marshy meadow,alpine shrub and alpine meadow)in a small catchment in Qilian mountains,northwestern china.A typical characteristic of soil in mountainous areas is widespread presence of rock and gravel,and the results showed that the more rock and gravel in the soil,the higher Ks and bulk density and the lower the soil capillary porosity,field water capacity and total *** Ks of the lower layer with rock and gravel(18.49±10.22 mm·min-1)was significantly higher than that of the upper layer with relatively fine textured soil(0.18±0.18 mm·min-1).The order of values of the Ks in different land cover types was alpine barren,forest,alpine shrub,marshy meadow and alpine meadow,and the values of the Ks in the alpine barren were significantly higher than those of other land *** rainfall events in the research catchment had low rain intensity(ren because of high *** alpine barren was the main runoffcontributed area in the

关键词： Saturated hydraulic conductivity Rock fragment Land cover Runoff generation mountain catchment

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New methods for calculating bare soil land surface temperature over mountainous terrain

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Journal of mountain Science 2017年第12期14卷 2471-2483页

作者： YANG Yong CHEN ren-sheng SONG Yao-xuan LIU jun-feng HAN Chun-tan LIU zhang-wen Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology Inland River Basin Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences

Land surface temperature(LST) causes the phase change of water, links to the partitioning of surface water and energy budget, and becomes an important parameter to hydrology, meteorology, ecohydrology, and other researches in the high mountain cold regions. Unlike air temperature, which has common altitudinal lapse rates in the mountainous regions, the influence of terrain leads to complicated estimation for soil LST. This study presents two methods that use air temperature and solar position,to estimate bare LST with high temporal resolution over horizontal sites and mountainous terrain with a random slope azimuth. The data from three horizontal meteorological stations and fourteen LST observation fields with different aspects and slopes were used to test the proposed LST methods. The calculated and measured LST were compared in a range of statistical analysis, and the analysis showed that the average RMSE(root mean square error),MAD(mean absolute deviation), and R^2(correlation coefficient) for three horizontal sites were 5.09℃,3.66℃, 0.92, and 5.03℃, 3.52℃, 0.85 for the fourteen complex terrain sites. The proposed methods showed acceptable accuracy, provide a simple way to estimate LST, and will be helpful for simulating the water and energy cycles in alpine mountainous terrain.

关键词： Land surface temperature Air temperature Solar position mountainous terrain

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河南淇县小柏峪—柳林矿区冶镁用白云岩矿地质特征及找矿前景

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中国非金属矿工业导刊 2024年第1期 57-61页

作者：张帅军任婧文张苏坤贾慧敏邢先锋河南省第一地质矿产调查院有限公司河南洛阳471023 自然资源部贵金属分析与勘查技术重点实验室河南洛阳471023

矿区地处太行山隆起的东段,是白云岩类矿产和灰岩类矿产的主要赋矿岩层,优势矿产主要为冶镁用白云岩矿,具有十分重要的找矿潜力。本文研究河南省淇县冶镁用白云岩矿区,从区域地质、矿区地质、矿体特征、矿物化学成分等方面入手,分析成... 详细信息

矿区地处太行山隆起的东段,是白云岩类矿产和灰岩类矿产的主要赋矿岩层,优势矿产主要为冶镁用白云岩矿,具有十分重要的找矿潜力。本文研究河南省淇县冶镁用白云岩矿区,从区域地质、矿区地质、矿体特征、矿物化学成分等方面入手,分析成矿原因及找矿前景,为后续鹤壁冶镁矿业建设提供理论依据。

关键词：冶镁白云岩矿淇县矿体特征找矿前景

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福州市2305“杜苏芮”台风灾害链致灾与成害过程分析

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灾害学 2024年第4期39卷 228-234页

作者：颜悠逸高路陈仁德张承煜任立明张孝林陈纯福建师范大学地理科学学院福建福州350117 福建师范大学湿润亚热带生态地理过程教育部重点实验室福建福州350117 福建省亚热带资源与环境重点实验室福建福州350117 福建师范大学福建省陆地灾害监测评估工程技术研究中心福建福州350117 福建师范大学地理研究所福建福州350117 福州市应急管理局福建福州350007

台风灾害是威胁东南沿海人民群众生命安全和社会经济发展的主要自然灾害之一。该文以福州市2305号“杜苏芮”台风为例,基于气象与灾情数据,分析了“杜苏芮”灾害链的致灾与成害过程。结果表明:①福州市主城区人口聚集经济密度高,承灾体... 详细信息

台风灾害是威胁东南沿海人民群众生命安全和社会经济发展的主要自然灾害之一。该文以福州市2305号“杜苏芮”台风为例,基于气象与灾情数据,分析了“杜苏芮”灾害链的致灾与成害过程。结果表明:①福州市主城区人口聚集经济密度高,承灾体暴露度大,是本次台风灾情最严重的区域;②受台风外围螺旋雨带的持续影响,福州市主城区出现超历史记录短时强降水。短时强降水是此次台风灾害的致灾主因,引发了严重的内涝和山洪等次生灾害;③地形是决定台风灾害链类型的主导因素之一。主城区受周围山地地形影响,形成台风-暴雨-内涝灾害链;福州市周边山区(闽侯、闽清、永泰等区县)地质稳定性差,小丘陵众多,易形成台风-暴雨-山洪/滑坡灾害链;台风登陆前,大风最先影响海岸带,形成台风-大风-风暴潮/海浪灾害链。

关键词：自然灾害系统台风灾害链致灾与成害过程 “杜苏芮”台风福州市

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次生演替过程中土壤磷组分及有效性研究进展

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应用与环境生物学报 2024年第1期30卷 176-185页

作者：张卓婷陶然罗如熠周俊李子豪赵春章庞学勇成都理工大学生态环境学院成都610059 中国科学院成都生物研究所中国科学院山地生态恢复与生物资源利用重点实验室生态恢复与生物多样性保育四川省重点实验室成都610213 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所成都610213

磷是植物生长发育所需的重要营养元素.次生演替是陆地退化生态系统恢复的重要途径,但土壤磷缺乏会对次生演替过程中的植物生长造成限制,因此深入理解次生演替对土壤磷组分的影响,对解决生态系统恢复过程中养分管理具有重要意义.在介绍... 详细信息

磷是植物生长发育所需的重要营养元素.次生演替是陆地退化生态系统恢复的重要途径,但土壤磷缺乏会对次生演替过程中的植物生长造成限制,因此深入理解次生演替对土壤磷组分的影响,对解决生态系统恢复过程中养分管理具有重要意义.在介绍土壤磷循环和磷组分的基本概念及生态学意义的基础上,对次生演替过程中不同土壤磷组分的变化规律、影响因素及其磷有效性进行全面梳理和分析.发现在次生演替过程中,高活性的树脂磷(Resin-P)没有特定的变化规律;较高活性的碳酸氢钠无机磷和有机磷(NaHCO3-Pi和NaHCO3-Po)随演替逐渐增加,主要与凋落物归还、有机质积累和微生物群落变化有关;中等活性的氢氧化钠无机磷和有机磷(NaOH-Pi和NaOH-Po)在演替过程中无明显变化趋势,可能受到土壤pH值和矿物离子(如铁和铝)的影响;中等活性的原生矿物磷(Primary mineral P)在大多数情况下会随着次生演替而降低.由于土壤有机质和微生物组成等与土壤磷组分显著相关,为提高次生演替过程中土壤磷有效性,应重点关注次生演替过程中土壤的理化特性(例如土壤pH值、含水量和有机质)以及微生物群落(例如溶磷菌群落)的变化;同时,也应该关注次生演替过程中土壤磷形态转化对磷有效性的影响;此外,还应加强对磷循环生物学机制的探究,为应对陆地生态系统植被恢复过程中生产力下降提供科学依据.

关键词：土壤磷组分有效磷磷循环无机磷有机磷生态恢复

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Effect of Soil Erosion on Soil Properties and Crop Yields on Slopes in the sichuan Basin,china

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Pedosphere 2010年第6期20卷 736-746页

作者： SU Zheng-An zhang Jian-Hui NIE Xiao-jun institute of mountain hazards and environment Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Conservancy Chengdu 610041 (China) Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 (China)

Roles of tillage erosion and water erosion in the development of within-field spatial variation of surface soil properties and soil degradation and their contributions to the reduction of crop yields were studied on three linear slopes in the sichuan Basin,southwestern *** erosion was found to be the dominant erosion process at upper slope positions of each linear slope and on the whole short slope (20 m).On the long slope (110 m) and medium slope (40 m),water erosion was the dominant erosion *** organic matter and soil nutrients in the tillage layer were significantly related to slope length and 137 Cs inventories on the long slope; however,there was no significant correlation among them on the short slope,suggesting that water erosion lowered soil quality by transporting SOM and surface soil nutrients selectively from the upper to lower slope positions,while tillage erosion transported soil materials *** the medium slope,SOM,total N,and available N in the tillage layer were correlated with slope length and the other properties were distributed evenly on the slope,indicating that water erosion on this slope was still the dominant soil redistribution *** patterns were found for the responses of grain yield,aboveground biomass,and harvest index for *** results indicated that tillage erosion was a major cause for soil degradation and grain yield reduction on the linear slopes because it resulted in displacement of the tillage layer soil required for maintaining soil quality and plant growth.

关键词： 1376s inventory linear slope soil degradation tillage erosion water erosion

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Alternate freezing and thawing enhanced the sediment and nutrient runoff loss in the restored soil of the alpine mining area

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Journal of mountain Science 2022年第6期19卷 1823-1837页

作者： LI Fa-Yong LUO ren-jie YOU Yong-jun HU Xue-fei QIAN Xiao-yan zhang Peng-yan WANG Shan LI Guo-yu KAMEL Mohamed Eltohamy College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering Tarim UniversityAral City 843300China State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Water Relations and Field Irrigation Department Agricultural and Biological Research DivisionNational Research CentreCairo 12622Egypt

This study highlights the influence of freezing-thawing processes on soil erosion in an alpine mine restoration area. Accordingly, a series of simulation experiments were conducted to investigate runoff, sediment, and nutrient losses, and potential influencing factors under freeze-thaw(FT) conditions. Three FT treatments(i.e., 0, 3, and 5 FT cycles), and two soil moisture contents(SMCs;i.e., 10% and 20% SMC on a gravimetric basis) were assessed. The runoff, sediment yield, ammonia nitrogen(AN), nitrate nitrogen(NN), total phosphorus(TP), and dissolved phosphorus(DP) losses from runoff were characterized under different rainfall durations. The fitting results indicated that the runoff rate and sediment rate, AN, NN, TP, and DP concentrations in runoff could be described by exponential functions. FT action increased the total runoff volume and sediment yield by 14.6%–26.0% and 8.8%–35.2%, respectively. The runoff rate and sediment rate increased rapidly with the increment of FT cycles before stabilizing. At 20% SMC, the total runoff volume and sediment yield were significantly higher than those at 10% SMC. The loss curves of AN and NN concentrations varied due to differences in their chemical properties. FT action and high SMC promoted AN and NN losses, whereas the FT cycles had little effect. FT action increased TP and DP losses by 60.2%–220.1% and 48.4%–129.8%, respectively, compared to cases with no FT action;the highest TP and DP losses were recorded at 20% SMC. This study provides a deep understanding of freezing-thawing mechanisms in the soils of alpine mine restoration areas and the influencing factors of these mechanisms on soil erosion, thereby supporting the development of erosion prevention and control measures in alpine mine restoration areas.

关键词： Freezing and thawing Mine restoration area nitrogen loss Phosphorus loss Rainfall simulation Soil moisture content

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Experimental and theoretical study of mechanical properties of root-soil interface for slope protection

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Journal of mountain Science 2020年第11期17卷 2784-2795页

作者： SU Li-jun HU Bing-li XIE Qi-jun YU Fang-wei zhang Chong-lei Key Laboratory of mountain hazards and Earth Surface Process Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth sciences Beijing 100101China china-Pakistan joint Research Center on Earth sciences IslamabadPakistan University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

Plant roots mechanically enhance the strength of soil and improve slope stability through *** the popularization of ecological slope-protection technology,a quantitative study of how roots help to anchor soil is highly *** object of the present study is thus to investigate how roots and soil combine to affect the mechanical properties of the root-soil *** this end,pullout experiments of cedar roots of different diameters in soils of different density were *** experimental results show that the maximum pullout force increases significantly with increasing root diameter,but only slightly increases with increasing soil density,which indicates that the root diameter has a greater impact on the maximum pullout force than soil ***,based on studies of fiber-reinforced composites,a root-soil pull-out model was proposed to study the evolution of shear stress on root-soil *** approach ensures that the model accurately reflects the dynamic stress distribution evolution at the root-soil interface and can calculate the pullout process of embedded root from *** accuracy of the model is verified by comparing the calculated results with experimental ***,how soil density and root diameter affect the anchoring force was *** results indicate that the maximum anchoring force increases linearly with increasing root diameter,but nonlinearly with increasing soil density until reaching a fixed *** results show that the root soil pull-out model has significant practical value in slope protection.

关键词： Ecological slope-protection Anchoring force Pullout experiment Pullout model Model prediction

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Determinants of Public Goods Investment in Rural Communities in mountainous Areas of sichuan Province, china

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Journal of mountain Science 2014年第3期11卷 816-824页

作者： GUO Shi-li LIU Shao-quan LUO ren-fu zhang Lin-xiu institute of mountain hazards and environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Economic Research Center for Western china Southwestern University of Finance and Economics Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

This study aims to investigate two important issues: what are the determinants of public goods investment and what is the government's investment behavior in mountainous areas. The impacts of natural conditions, target, and demand elements on public goods investment are analyzed with statistical method, and the determinants of public goods investment in the areas are obtained by using population-weighted and stepwise regression models with Eviews6.0 software with survey data in 2008 and calculated data based on GIS of 20 typical villages in mountainous regions in sichuan, china. The results showed:(1) natural conditions are the important determinants of public investment. mountainous villages with steep slope have relatively high levels of investment;(2) concentration of population and the educational levels of the village leaders also have important impacts on public goods investment;(3) the government is more concerned with public investment resources particularly in areas characterized by fragile ecological environment and poor agricultural output. These results suggest that the current investment strategy helps to reduce disparities in regional development.

关键词： Determinants Eviews6.0 GIS Public Investment Regression Analysis Rural Development

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An novel energy dissipator with self-recovery capability after deformation for structurally energy-dissipating rock-shed

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Journal of mountain Science 2021年第11期18卷 3058-3068页

作者： XIE Qi-jun SU Li-jun BAI Hao TANG Hao zhang Chong-lei YU Fang-wei Key Laboratory of mountain hazards and Earth Surface Processes Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China sichuan Expressway Construction&Development Group CO. LTD.Chengdu 610041China china-Pakistan joint Research Center on Earth sciences CAS-HECIslamabad 45320Pakistan University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China College of environment and Civil Engineering in chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610051China

Theperformanceof a structurally dissipating rock-shed(SDR)depends largely onthecapacityofitsenergy *** present,mostenergy dissipatorsare made of metals,which dissipateenergy by unrecoverable plastic ***,they are not able to recover their energy-dissipation capacity after deformation under rockfall ***,a rockfall usually disintegrates into pieces when it rolls down from a higher position and results in multiple rockfall *** energy dissipator with self-recovery capability is therefore more suitable for ensuring the safety of *** metal with polyurethane(a hyperelastic material with remarkable self-recovery capability)can provide self-recovery capability for energy dissipators,making them more suitable for resisting multiple rockfall *** this work,polyurethane was manufactured into twotypes ofenergy dissipators:cylindrical and ***-scale falling rock impact testsand dynamic numerical simulationswereconducted to study the mechanical response of the energy *** addition,in order to ensure the accuracy of the simulation,the dynamic mechanical properties of the polyurethanewere tested and its dynamic constitutive model was *** experimental and simulation tests have clarified the advantages of the polyurethane energy *** also summarized the practical considerations in the design of energy dissipators.

关键词： Recoverableenergy dissipator Dynamic constitutive model Rockfall test Numerical simulation Resist multiple impacts

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