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Chinese Geographical Science 2006年第4期16卷 351-358页

作者： zhang qianggong KANG Shichang YAN Yuping Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China National Climate Center Bering 100081 China

The recorded meteorological data of monthly mean surface air temperature from 72 meteorological stations over the Qinghal-Tibet Plateau in the period of 1960-2003 have been analyzed by using Empirical Orthogonal Function （EOF） method, to understand the detailed features of its temporal and spatial variations. The results show that there was a high consistency of the monthly mean surface air temperature, with a secondarily different variation between the north and the south of the plateau. Warming trend has existed at all stations since the 1960s, while the warming rates were different in various zones. The source regions of big rivers had intense warming tendency. June, November and December were the top three fast-warming months since the 1960s; while April, July and September presented dramatic warming tendency during the last decade.

关键词： monthly mean surface air temperature climatic variation EOF analysis Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Insights into mercury in glacier snow and its incorporation into meltwater runoff based on observations in the southern Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第6期30卷 130-142页

作者： Shiwei Sun Shichang Kang Junming Guo qianggong zhang Rukumesh Paudyal Xuejun Sun Dahe Qin State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The Tibetan Plateau（TP） is recognized as ＂Water Tower of Asia＂. Yet our understanding of mechanisms influencing incorporation of mercury（Hg） into freshwater in mountain glaciers on the TP remains quite limited. Extensive sampling of environmental matrices（e.g., snow/ice）were conducted on the East Rongbuk glacier on Mt. Everest and Zhadang glacier on *** for Hg speciation analysis. Speciated Hg behaved quite different during snowmelt： a preferential early release of DHg（dissolved Hg） was observed at the onset of snowmelt, whereas PHg（particulate-bound Hg） and THg（total Hg） become relatively enriched in snow and released later. Small fraction of Hg in snow was lost during a snowmelt day（18.9%–34.7%） with a large proportion（58.1%–87.3%） contributed by PHg decrease, indicating that the deposited Hg is most likely retained in glacier snow/ice. Furthermore, THg were positively correlated with PHg and crustal major ions（e.g., Ca2＋, Mg2＋） during snowmelt, indicating that Hg is mainly migrated with particulates. The main pathway of Hg loss during snowmelt was most probably associated with release of PHg with meltwater, which was greatly influenced by ablation intensity of snow/ice. This should be paid particular concern as Hg preserved in mountain glaciers will mostly enter aquatic ecosystem as climate warms, impacting on downstream ecosystems adversely. Obvious decrease of THg during the downstream transport from glacier was observed with a large proportion contributed by PHg decrease. The main removal mechanism of Hg was associated with sedimentation of PHg during the transport process.

关键词： Mercury speciation Snow/ice Migration Transport Mountain glacier Tibetan Plateau

Elemental composition in surface snow from the ultra-high elevation area of Mt. Qomolangma (Everest)

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第2期53卷 289-294页

作者： zhang qianggong KANG ShiChang CONG ZhiYuan HOU ShuGui LIU YongQin Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Beijing 100085 China Graduate University of CAS Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science CAS Lanzhou 730000 China

A total of 14 surface snow (0―10 cm) samples were collected along the climbing route (6500―8844 m a.s.l.) on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma in May, 2005. Analysis of elemental concentrations in these samples showed that there are no clear trends for element variations with elevation due to re- distribution of surface snow by strong winds during spring. In addition, local crustal aerosol inputs also have an influence on elemental composition of surface snow. Comparison between elemental concentration datasets of 2005 and 1997 indicated that data from 2005 were of higher quality. Elemental concentrations (especially for heavy metals) at Mt. Qomolangma are comparable with polar sites, and far lower than large cities. This indicates that anthropogenic activities and heavy metal pollution have little effect on the Mt. Qomolangma atmospheric environment, which can be representative of the background atmospheric environment.

关键词：珠穆朗玛峰超高海拔表面积雪攀登路线

Mercury speciation and spatial distribution in surface waters of the Yarlung Zangbo River,Tibet

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第24期55卷 2697-2703页

作者： ZHENG Wei KANG ShiChang FENG XinBin zhang qianggong LI ChaoLiu Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Academy for Environmental Planning Ministry of Environmental Protection Beijing 100012 China The State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China The State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China

The Yarlung Zangbo River is the highest river in the *** flows from west to east through the southern part of *** mercury(Hg)speciation and distribution in surface waters and soils near the bank of the Yarlung Zangbo River and its two tributaries,the Lhasa and Niyang Rivers,were investigated in June ***,major water quality parameters were also measured at the same *** Hg(THg)and total methylmercury(TMeHg)concentrations in surface waters of the Yarlung Zangbo River ranged from 1.46 to 4.99 ng/L and from 0.06 to 0.29 ng/L,respectively,representing the background levels in river systems of the Tibetan *** Hg(PHg)accounted for 69%of the THg,and the two Hg species had a significant relationship(r=0.990,P<0.01).Approximately 61%of the spatial distribution of THg was controlled by the concentrations of total suspended particles(TSP).Reactive Hg(RHg)concentrations ranged from 0.10 to 0.36 ng/L,and this fraction may play a weak role in terms of the transport and fate of Hg in surface *** methylmercury(DMeHg)constituted 71%of the TMeHg and was significantly correlated with TMeHg(r=0.746,P<0.01).The spatial distribution of TMeHg is not strongly affected by environmental factors such as THg,RHg,temperature,pH,dissolved organic carbon(DOC),and *** addition,the inflow of both the Lhasa and Niyang Rivers probably influences the concentrations of THg in surface waters of the mainstream, but such an effect is not obvious for TMeHg.

关键词：雅鲁藏布江空间分布西藏南部地表水甲基汞形态溶解有机碳总悬浮微粒

Research progress on behaviors and environmental effects of mercury in the cryosphere of the Tibetan Plateau:a critical review

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2022年第1期14卷 1-22页

作者： ShiWei Sun ShiChang Kang qianggong zhang JunMing Guo XueJun Sun State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchCASBeijing 100101China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The behavior and fates of environmental pollutants within the cryosphere and the associated environmental impacts are of increasing concerns in the context of global *** Tibetan Plateau(TP),also known as the"Third Pole",represents one of the most important cryospheric regions in the ***(Hg)is recognized as a global ***,we summarize the current knowledge of Hg concentration levels,pools and spatio-temporal distribution in cryospheric environments(e.g.,glacier,permafrost),and its transfer and potential cycle in the TP cryospheric *** transport of anthropogenic Hg from the surrounding heavily-polluted regions,such as South and Southeast Asia,provides significant sources of atmospheric Hg depositions onto the TP *** concluded that the melting of the cryosphere on the TP represents an increasing source of Hg and brings a risk to the TP *** addition,global warming acts as an important catalyst accelerating the release of legacy Hg from the melting cryosphere,adversely impacting ecosystems and biological ***,we emphasize on the remaining gaps and proposed issues needed to be addressed in future work,including enhancing our knowledge on some key release pathways and the related environmental effects of Hg in the cryospheric region,integrated observation and consideration of Hg distribution,migration and cycle processes at a key region,and uses of Hg isotopic technical and Hg models to improve the understanding of Hg cycling in the TP cryospheric region.

关键词： mercury cryosphere environmental effects Tibetan Plateau

Recent temperature increase recorded in an ice core in the source region of Yangtze River

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第6期52卷 825-831页

作者： KANG ShiChang zhang YongJun QIN DaHe REN JiaWen zhang qianggong Bjorn GRIGHOLM Paul A. MAYEWSKI Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Climate Change Institute University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA

Interests on climate change in the source region of Yangtze River have been raised since it is a region with the greatest warming over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). A 70-year history of precipitation δ^(18)O has been recovered using an ice core record retrieved in a plat portion of the firn area in the Guoqu Glacier (33°34′37.8″N, 91°10′35.3″E, 5720 m a.s.l.), Mt. Geladaindong (the source region of Yangtze River), in November, 2005. By using a significant positive relationship between ice core δ^(18)O record and summer air temperature (July to September) from the nearby meteorological stations, a history of summer air temperature has been reconstructed for the last 70 years. Summer temperature was relatively low in 1940s and high in 1950s to the middle of 1960s. The lowest temperature occurred in the middle of 1970s. Temperature was low in 1980s and dramatically increased since 1990s, keeping the trend to the begin-ning of the 21st century. The warming rate recorded in the ice core with 0.5℃/10 a since 1970s is much higher that that in the central TP and the Northern Hemisphere (NH), and it becomes 1.1℃/10 a since 1990s which is also higher than these from the central TP and the NH, reflecting an accelerated warm-ing and a more sensitive response to global warming in the high elevation region.

关键词：长江源头地区冰芯青藏高原温度升高 δ^18O记录

Impacts of Indian summer monsoon and stratospheric intrusion on air pollutants in the inland Tibetan Plateau

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第6期12卷 294-298页

作者： Xiufeng Yin Shichang Kang Benjamin de Foy Dipesh Rupakheti Maheswar Rupakheti Zhiyuan Cong Xin Wanb Guoshuai zhang qianggong zhang State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Saint Louis UniversitySt.LouisMO 63108USA Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies PotsdamGermany Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning Beijing 100012China

Air pollutants can be transported to the pristine regions such as the Tibetan Plateau,by monsoon and stratospheric *** Tibetan Plateau region has limited local anthropogenic emissions,while this region is influenced strongly by transport of heavy emissions mainly from South *** conducted a comprehensive study on various air pollutants (PM_(2.5),total gaseous mercury,and surface ozone) at Nam Co Station in the inland Tibetan *** mean PM_(2.5)concentration at Nam Co peaked in April before monsoon season,and decreased during the whole monsoon season (June–September).Monthly mean total gaseous mercury concentrations at Nam Co peaked in July and were in high levels during monsoon *** Indian summer monsoon acted as a facilitator for transporting gaseous pollutants (total gaseous mercury) but a suppressor for particulate pollutants (PM_(2.5)) during the monsoon *** from both PM_(2.5)and total gaseous mercury variabilities,surface ozone concentrations at Nam Co are primarily attributed to stratospheric intrusion of ozone and peaked in *** effects of the Indian summer monsoon and stratospheric intrusion on air pollutants in the inland Tibetan Plateau are complex and require further studies.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Nam Co PM_(2.5) Total gaseous mercury Surface ozone

Atmospheric particle-bound mercury in the northern Indo-Gangetic Plain region:Insights into sources from mercury isotope analysis and influencing factors

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第1期13卷 85-95页

作者： Junming Guo Lekhendra Tripathee Shichang Kang qianggong zhang Jie Huang Chhatra Mani Sharma Pengfei Chen Rukumesh Paudyal Dipesh Rupakheti State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Himalayan Environment Research Institute(HERI) KathmanduNepal Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China Central Department of Environmental Science Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal

Lumbini is a world heritage site located in the southern plains region of Nepal, and is regarded as a potential site for evaluating transboundary air pollution due to its proximity to the border with India. In this study, 82 aerosol samples were collected between April 2013 and July 2014 to investigate the levels of particulate-bound mercury(PBM) and the corresponding seasonality, sources, and influencing *** PBM concentration in total suspended particulate(TSP) matter ranged from 6.8 pg m^(-3) to351.7 pg m^(-3)(mean of 99.7 ± 92.6 pg m^(-3)), which exceeded the ranges reported for remote and rural sites worldwide. The Hg content(PBM/TSP) ranged from 68.2 ng g^(-1) to 1744.8 ng g^(-1)(mean of 446.9 ±312.7 ng g^(-1)), indicating anthropogenic enrichment. The PBM levels were higher in the dry season(i.e.,winter and the pre-monsoon period) than in the wet season(i.e., the monsoon period). In addition, the δ^(202) Hg signature indicated that waste/coal burning and traffic were the major sources of Hg in Lumbini during the pre-monsoon period. Meanwhile, precipitation occurring during photochemical processes in the atmosphere may have been responsible for the observed Δ^(199) Hg values in the aerosol samples obtained during the monsoon period. The PBM concentration was influenced mostly by the resuspension of polluted dust during dry periods and crop residue burning during the post-monsoon period. The estimated PBM deposition flux at Lumbini was 15.7 lg m^(-2) yr^(-1). This study provides a reference dataset of atmospheric PBM over a year, which can be useful for understanding the geochemical cycling of Hg in this region of limited data.

关键词： Particle-bound mercury Seasonality Mercury isotopes Deposition flux Indo-Gangetic Plain

Influence of transboundary air pollution on air quality in southwestern China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第6期12卷 114-128页

作者： Xiufeng Yin Shichang Kang Maheswar Rupakheti Benjamin de Foy Ping Li Junhua Yang Kunpeng Wu qianggong zhang Dipesh Rupakheti State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100085China Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies PotsdamGermany Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Saint Louis UniversitySt.LouisMO 63108USA Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou 730000China Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China

Air pollution is a grand challenge of our time due to its multitude of adverse impacts on environment and society,with the scale of impacts more severe in developing countries,including ***,China has initiated and implemented strict air pollution control measures over last several years to reduce impacts of air *** data from Jan 2015 to Dec 2019 on six criteria air pollutants(SO_(2),NO_(2),CO,O_(3),PM_(2.5),and PM_(10))at eight sites in southwestern China were investigated to understand the situation and analyze the impacts of transboundary air pollutants in this *** terms of seasonal variation,the maximum concentrations of air pollutants at these sites were observed in winter or spring season depending on individual *** diurnal variation,surface ozone peaked in the afternoon while the other pollutants had a bimodal pattern with peaks in the morning and late *** was limited transport of domestic emissions of air pollutants in China to these *** emissions enhanced the concentrations of air pollutants during some pollution ***,the transboundary transport of air pollution from South Asia and Southeast Asia was associated with high concentrations of most air pollutants observed in southwestern *** air pollutants can be transported to southwestern China over long distances from the source regions,it is necessary to conduct more research to properly attribute and quantify transboundary transport of air pollutants,which will provide more solid scientific guidance for air pollution management in southwestern China.

关键词： Air pollutants Transboundary transport Southwestern China

Characterization of contemporary aeolian dust deposition on mountain glaciers of western China

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2016年第1期8卷 9-21页

作者： JianZhong Xu ShiChang Kang ShuGui Hou qianggong zhang Jie Huang CunDe Xiao JiaWen Ren DaHe Qin .State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences(SKLCS) Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)LanzhouGansu 730000China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research(ITP) Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100086China MOE Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences(SGOS)Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210093China

From 2008 to 2010, a total of 15 snow pit samples were collected from 13 mountain glaciers in western China. In this study these samples are used to determine the spatial distribution of insoluble particle concentrations and dust deposition fluxes in western China. The results show that the mass concentrations of insoluble particles exhibit high spatial variation and strongly decrease （by a factor of approximately 50） from the north （Tienshan Mountains） to the south （Himalayas）. However, the insoluble particles concentrations at the southeastern Tibetan Plateau （TP） sites are also high and ap- proximately 30 times greater than those in the Himalayas. The spatial distribution of the dust flux is similar to that of the mass concentrations; however, the high dust deposition rate in the southeastern TP is very significant as a result of the extensive snow accumulation （precipitation） in this region. The average sizes of the insoluble particles at each site generally exhibit bimodal distributions with peaks at approximately 5 μm and 10 μm, which can be explained as re- sulting from dust emissions from regional and local sources, respectively. The enrichment factors for most of the elements measured in insoluble particles are less than 10 at all of the study sites, indicating primarily crustal sources. However, the sites located in the peripheral mountains of western China, such as the Tienshan Mountains and the Himalayas, are characterized by high levels of certain enrichment elements （e.g., Cu, Zn, Cr, and V） indicative of sources related to the long-range transport of pollutants.

关键词： snow pit dust insoluble particle Tibetan Plateau