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Collapse of Entangled State and Entropy Increase in an Isolated System

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Communications in Theoretical physics 2008年第4期49卷 863-865页

作者： zhang Qi-Ren department of technical {2. Peking University Beijing 100871 China

We show that the collapse of the entangled quantum state makes the entropy increase in an isolated system. The second law of thermodynamics is thus proven in its most genera/form.

关键词： information conservation state collapse entropy increase

Thermal evaluation of the injectable liquid metal bone cement in orthopedic treatment

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2020年第3期63卷 446-458页

作者： zhang QingLei YAO YuChen GAO JianYe YANG XiaoHu zhang PengJu DENG ZhongShan LIU Jing beijing Key Laboratory of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China School of Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China department of Biomedical Engineering School of MedicineTsinghua University Beijing 100084China

The thermophysical properties of bone cement are important parameters for its application in the orthopedic treatment. This article focused on the thermal evaluation of the low-melting-point metal(Bi In Sn alloy), which has been proved to be an excellent bone cement. Firstly, the basic thermophysical properties of Bi In Sn alloys with different melting points were ***, 15 fresh porcine femurs placed in the saline bath, bone cements with different melting points and amounts were injected into the bone cavities, respectively. Thermocouples were used to measure the temperature changes of the bone-cement interface and peripheral bone tissue. The possibility of thermal necrosis was evaluated. Moreover, a three-dimensional human knee model was built to numerically assess the effects of thermal parameters, such as melting point and latent heat on tissue temperature distribution. All the experimental and numerical results implied the heat distribution in the tissue depended on the thermal performances of liquid metal bone cement(LMBC). For LMBC of the same melting point, with increased amounts, the damage to the bone tissue is more severe, while for the same amount of different melting point LMBCs, with the higher melting point, which will lead to more serious damage to the tissue. Also, higher latent heat of LMBC has distinct longer solidification process, which may cause irreversible damage to surrounding tissues. Therefore, in the future, for different clinical surgery needs, the appropriate liquid metal bone cement can be obtained by adjusting the thermal parameters.

关键词： liquid metal bone cement thermal evaluation phase transition orthopedic treatment numerical simulation thermal parameters

Demonstration of biophoton-driven DNA replication via gold nanoparticle-distance modulated yield oscillation

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Nano Research 2021年第1期14卷 40-45页

作者： Na Li Daoling Peng Xianjing zhang Yousheng Shu Feng zhang Lei Jiang Bo Song School of Optical-Electrical Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Key Laboratory of Oral MedicineGuangzhou Institute of Oral DiseaseStomatology HospitalDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 511436China School of Chemistry South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology Institute for Translational Brain ResearchMOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceDepartment of NeurologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Biomedical Nanocenter School of Life SciencesInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010011China Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education School of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Biologically,there exist two kinds of syntheses:photosynthesis and ATP-driven *** light harvesting of photosynthesis is known to achieve an efficiency of〜95%by the quantum energy transfer of ***,how the ATP-driven biosynthesis reaches its high efficiency still remains *** triphosphates(dNTPs)in polymerase chain reaction(PCR)adopt the identical way of ATP to release their energy,and thus can be employed to explore the ATP energy ***,using a gold nanoparticle(AuNP)enhanced PCR(AuNP-PCR),we demonstrate that the energy released by phosphoanhydride-bond(PB)hydrolysis of dNTPs is in form of photons(PB-photons)to drive DNA replication,by modulating their resonance with the average inter-AuNP distance(D).The experimental results show that both the efficiency and yield of PCR periodically oscillate with D increasing,indicating a quantized process,but not simply a thermal *** PB-photon wavelength is further determined to 8.4 *** these results support that the release,transfer and utilization of bioenergy are in the form of *** findings of ATP-energy quantum conversion will open a new avenue to the studies of high-efficiency bioenergy utilization,biochemistry,biological quantum physics,and even brain sciences.

关键词： intrinsic biophoton DNA replication polymerase chain reaction(PCR) gold nanoparticle high-efficiency energy utilization biological quantum physics

Temperature-dependent Photoluminescence of Silicon Nanocrystals Embedded in SiO2.Matrix

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2018年第4期34卷 513-516页

作者： zhang Tianning zhang Kenan CHEN Xiren WANG Shuxia zhang Rongjun SHAO Jun CHEN Xin DAI Ning National Laboratory for Infrared physics Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200083 P. R. China department of Optical Science and Engineering School of Information Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China

Nanostructured silicon plays a key role in the fidds of microelectronics, optoelectronics and photonics. Since near-infrared photolummescence（PL） was first observed in nanoporous silicon at room temperature, silicon nanocrystals（Si-NCs） have attracted considerable attention due to their tunable structures and properties. Considerable efforts have recently been devoted to obtaining deeper insight in the PL emission of colloidal and solid Si-NCs and the applications of these materials.

关键词： Silicon nanocrystal Photohtminescence Red-shift

Revealing the Pressure-Induced Softening/Weakening Mechanism in Representative Covalent Materials

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Chinese physics Letters 2021年第5期38卷 51-59页

作者： Tengfei Xu Shihao zhang Dominik Legut Stan Veprek Ruifeng zhang School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Center for Integrated Computational Engineering(International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science)and Key Laboratory of High-Temperature Structural Materials&Coatings Technology(Ministry of Industry and Information Technology) Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China IT4Innovations VSB-Technical University of Ostrava17 listopadu 2172/1570800 OstravaCzech Republic department of Chemistry Technical University MunichLichtenbergstr 4D-85747 GarchingGermany

Diamond, cubic boron nitride(c-BN), silicon(Si), and germanium(Ge), as examples of typical strong covalent materials, have been extensively investigated in recent decades, owing to their fundamental importance in material science and industry. However, an in-depth analysis of the character of these materials' mechanical behaviors under harsh service environments, such as high pressure, has yet to be conducted. Based on several mechanical criteria, the effect of pressure on the mechanical properties of these materials is comprehensively *** is demonstrated that, with respect to their intrinsic brittleness/ductile nature, all these materials exhibit ubiquitous pressure-enhanced ductility. By analyzing the strength variation under uniform deformation, together with the corresponding electronic structures, we reveal for the first time that the pressure-induced mechanical softening/weakening exhibits distinct characteristics between diamond and c-BN, owing to the differences in their abnormal charge-depletion evolution under applied strain, whereas a monotonous weakening phenomenon is observed in Si and Ge. Further investigation into dislocation-mediated plastic resistance indicates that the pressure-induced shuffle-set plane softening in diamond(c-BN), and weakening in Si(Ge), can be attributed to the reduction of antibonding states below the Fermi level, and an enhanced metallization, corresponding to the weakening of the bonds around the slipped plane with increasing pressure, respectively. These findings not only reveal the physical mechanism of pressure-induced softening/weakening in covalent materials, but also highlights the necessity of exploring strain-tunable electronic structures to emphasize the mechanical response in such covalent materials.

关键词： red service Revealing the Pressure-Induced Softening/Weakening Mechanism in Representative Covalent Materials

The Nano Research Young Innovators(NR45)Awards in nanocatalysis

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Nano Research 2022年第12期15卷 9961-9966页

作者： Tierui zhang Shuangyin Wang Ding Ma Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics Provincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and DevicesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringThe National Supercomputing Center in ChangshaHunan UniversityChangsha410082China beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering and BIC-ESATPeking UniversityBeijing100871China

Nano Research Young Innovators(NR45)Awards aims to recognize young researchers under the age of 45 for their distinguished accomplishments and/or their great potential to make substantial contributions in various fields of nanoscience and *** the inaugural NR45 Awards launched in 2.18,over a hundred innovators in nanobiotechnology,nanoenergy,and two-dimensional materials have been selected by the journal's editorial board[1-3].The 2.2. NR45 Awards highlight the research topic of *** outstanding young innovators were selected for their extraordinary contributions to the development of well-designed metals,metal oxides,single-atoms,and carbon-based nanocatalysts for important catalytic reactions related to energy *** to all the 30 awardees in 2.2.!

关键词： journal accomplishment oxides

Enhanced breakdown strength and energy storage density of AgNbO_(3)ceramics via tape casting

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稀有金属：英文版 2023年第2期42卷 495-502页

作者： Ming-Yuan Zhao Jing Wang Lin Chen Hao Yuan Mao-Hua zhang Su-Wei zhang Lei Zhao Key Laboratory of High-Precision Computation and Application of Quantum Field Theory of Hebei Province College of Physics Science and TechnologyHebei UniversityBaoding071002China State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures College of Aerospace EngineeringNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210016China department of Materials and Earth Sciences Nonmetallic Inorganic MaterialsTechnical University of DarmstadtDarmstadt64287Germany State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Antiferroelectric materials are promising candidates for energy-storage applications due to their double hysteresis loops,which can deliver high power *** the antiferroelectric materials,AgNbO_(3)is proved attractive due to its environmental-friendliness and high potential for achieving excellent energy storage ***,the recoverable energy storage density of AgNbO_(3)ceramics is limited by their relatively low breakdown ***,the breakdown strength of the pure AgNbO_(3)ceramics prepared using the tape casting method is enhanced to 307 kV·cm^(-1),which is,to the best of our knowledge,among the highest values reported for pure AgNbO-3bulk *** high breakdown strength may be due to its dense microstructure and good crystallinity obtained by the tape casting method and the optimized sintering *** to its enhanced breakdown strength,AgNbO_(3)ceramics show high recoverable energy storage density of 2.8 J·cm^(-3).These results have led to the development of lead-free antiferroelectric materials and devices with high energy storage density.

关键词： AgNbO_(3) Energy storage performance Antiferroelectric Tape casting

Combination therapy using microwave ablation and d-mannose-chelated iron oxide nanoparticles inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第9期12卷 3475-3485页

作者： Rui Cui Luo Wang Dongyun zhang Kun zhang Jianping Dou Linan Dong Yixuan zhang Jiapeng Wu Longfei Tan Jie Yu Ping Liang department of Interventional Ultrasound PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China department of Medical Ultrasonics the Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655China Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and App department of Medical Ultrasound Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200072China Ultrasound Research and Education Institute Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200072China Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials Key Laboratory of CryogenicsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Despite being a common therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),insufficient thermal ablation can leave behind tumor residues that can cause *** is believed to augment M2.inflammatory macrophages that usually play a pro-tumorigenic *** address this problem,we designed D-mannose-chelated iron oxide nanoparticles(man-IONPs) to polarize M2.like macrophages into the antitumor Ml *** vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that man-IONPs specifically targeted M2.like macrophages and accumulated in peri-ablation zones after macrophage infiltration was augmented under insufficient microwave ablation(MWA).The nanoparticles simultaneously induced polarization of pro-tumorigenic M2.macrophages into antitumor M1 phenotypes,enabling the transformation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment into an immunoactivating ***-MWA macrophage polarization exerted robust inhibitory effects on HCC progression in a well-established orthotopic liver cancer mouse ***,combining thermal ablation with man-IONPs can salvage residual tumors after insufficient *** results have strong potential for clinical translation.

关键词： Microwave ablation Hepatocellular carcinoma Iron oxide nanoparticle Macrophage polarization Targeted therapy

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电化学合成耦合可再生能源制氢:机遇与挑战

Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2024年第3期58卷 1-6页

作者：魏子栋黄寻段昊泓邵明飞李仁贵张金利李灿段雪重庆大学化学化工学院重庆400044 清华大学化学系北京100084 北京化工大学化学学院北京100029 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所辽宁大连116023 天津大学化工学院天津300072

利用可再生能源实现物质和能量的转化,是发展节能减排技术、实现双碳目标的重要手段.有机电合成是一种温和、清洁、高效的物质合成方法,可以有效解决传统化工过程的高能耗和高污染问题.将电解水制氢与有机电合成耦合,利用水分解产生的... 详细信息

利用可再生能源实现物质和能量的转化,是发展节能减排技术、实现双碳目标的重要手段.有机电合成是一种温和、清洁、高效的物质合成方法,可以有效解决传统化工过程的高能耗和高污染问题.将电解水制氢与有机电合成耦合,利用水分解产生的活性氧/氢直接氧化/还原有机物,不仅有助于降低能耗,还可以生产高附加值有机化工产品,是提高电能利用效率、降低生产成本的有效方案.然而,尽管这种方法具有诸多优势,其工业化应用仍面临一系列难题.本文回顾了电化学合成的发展历史,探讨了氢能时代为电化学合成带来的发展机遇.同时,分析了将电化学合成与电解水耦合所面临的挑战以及未来发展方向.首先,应当慎重选择与电解水制氢耦合的阳极反应体系,其氧化产物不但要具有比反应物更高的经济价值,而且要有较大的市场需求量,以匹配制氢规模.其次,虽然在热力学上有机物氧化比析氧更容易发生,但在动力学及传质方面,有机物氧化可能存在劣势,因此必须开发适用于工业制氢电流密度(500‒2.00 mA cm^(‒2.)的有机物氧化电极材料.第三,阳极有机产物选择性不仅影响反应物的利用率,而且决定后续分离纯化成本,需要通过调控活性氢/氧及有机物表面的竞争吸附等手段,提高阳极目标产物选择性及法拉第效率.第四,隔膜是分离两极反应物料、防止副反应发生的重要部件.然而,现有的阴、氧离子交换膜的耐有机物腐蚀性能差,需要开发适用于电解耦合体系的、具有高离子传导能力且性能稳定的新型隔膜材料.最后,当有机物氧化与电解水耦合后,产物的分离复杂程度增加,需要将精馏、萃取、膜分离等手段与电化学反应相结合,以提升电解过程效率.综上,本文讨论了电化学合成耦合可再生能源制氢的若干技术难题,为未来电合成与氢能技术共同发展提供新思路.

关键词：电化学合成电解水制氢反应匹配产物选择性隔膜稳定性过程强化