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Particle size spatial distribution in landslide dams

Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1886-1903页

作者： zhang Jingyi zhang jianmin State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China

The particle composition and spatial distribution of landslide-induced dam bodies are critical geotechnical parameters for studying the hazards of dam-break floods.However,current research often neglects the influence of the initial particle composition and spatial distribution of the landslide on the particle composition and spatial distribution of the landslide dam.This study investigated the impact of initial particle size distribution,volume,and sliding length on the energy and velocity changes of characteristic particles during the sliding process and the spatial distribution of particle sizes in the landslide dam body.Numerical simulations and physical models were employed to examine the effects of sequential gradient arrangements(where particle sizes decrease from top to bottom)and four other different initial particle arrangements on the energy and velocity changes of particles and the spatial distribution of particle sizes in the dam body.The study reveals the characteristics of translational and rotational energy of different particles and the laws of mechanical energy conversion,obtaining the spatial distribution patterns of particle sizes in landslide-induced dams.The results show that under the sequential gradient arrangement,the energy dissipation of the landslide movement is lower,with larger particles mainly distributed at the distal end and smaller particles at the proximal end of the landslide dam.In contrast,under the reverse gradient arrangement,the energy dissipation of the landslide movement is higher,and the distribution pattern of the dam particles is opposite to that of the sequential gradient arrangement.For the other arrangement modes,the spatial distribution of dam particles falls between the aforementioned two.There is a positive correlation between particle size and translational kinetic energy within the particle flow during the landslide process,and rotational motion increases energy dissipation.Under constant slope conditions,sliding length does not affect the movement pattern of

关键词： Particle size distribution Landslide Numerical simulation Discrete element method

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Recent landscape and trends for industry-sponsored pediatric clinical trials in China from 2013 to 2022

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儿科学研究(英文) 2024年第1期8卷 12-20页

作者： Liu Chang Liu Yi Ou Ling Qi Yuenan zhang jianmin Drug Clinical Trial Institution Children’s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing China

Importance: Pediatric medication is a challenging issue globally. Promoting trials of medications for children and implementing measures to encourage innovation for addressing unmet medical and health needs are important.Objective: To explore the recent landscape of pediatric clinical trials of new investigational drugs conducted by pharmaceutical enterprises in China from 2013 to 2022 to provide insight into pediatric drug development in the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory policy formulation.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional observational investigation of pediatric clinical trials registered from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2022, on the Registration and Information Disclosure Platform for Drug Clinical Trials, the official registration platform established in 2013 for trials of new investigational drugs initiated by biopharmaceutical enterprises. Trials that included pediatric participants (under 18 years old) were retrieved, and their relevant characteristics were extracted and analyzed.Results: In total, 895 pediatric clinical trials were collected, accounting for 5.1% of the total registered clinical trials initiated prior to January 1, 2023. The overall average annual growth rate for the number of pediatric clinical trials was 12% (P < 0.001). Phase III trials accounted for the highest proportion (49.1%, 439). Of the 895 trials included, 736 (82.2%) were domestic trials, and 159 (17.8%) were international multicenter trials. In terms of tested drugs, investigations of biological products accounted for the largest proportion of trials (67.4%, 603). Among pediatric clinical trials, studies of vaccines accounted for the largest proportion of trials (41.0%, 367), followed by trials for rare diseases (17.2%, 154). Furthermore, geographical distribution analysis revealed that the largest and smallest numbers of trials were conducted in North China (35.7%, 320) and Northeast China (0.8%, 7), respectively.Interpretation: The growth trends for industry-sponsored clinical trials involving children il

关键词： Geographic distribution Pediatric clinical trials Pediatric medication Rare disease

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Effect of Vacancy Defects on the Properties of CoS_(2) and FeS_(2)

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2024年第3期39卷 627-638页

作者：冯中营 zhang jianmin WANG Xiaowei YANG Wenjin JING Yinlan YANG Yan Department of Science Taiyuan Institute of TechnologyTaiyuan 030008China Computational Physics Research Center Taiyuan In-stitute of TechnologyTaiyuan 030008China College of Physics and Information Technology Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China Department of Physics College of ScienceNorth University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China

In order to explore the effect of vacancy defects on the structural,electronic,magnetic and optical properties of CoS_(2) and FeS_(2),first-principles calculation method was used to investigate the alloys.The calculated results of materials without vacancy are consistent with those reported in the literatures,while the results of materials with vacancy defect were different from those of literatures due to the difference vacancy concentration.The Co vacancy defect hardly changes the half-metallic characteristic of CoS_(2).The Fe vacancy defect changes FeS_(2) from semiconductor to half-metal,and the bottom of the spin-down conduction band changes from the p orbital state of S to the d(t_(2g))orbital state of Fe,while the top of the valence band remains the d orbital d(eg)state of Fe.The half-metallic Co vacancy defects of CoS_(2) and Fe vacancy defects of FeS_(2) are expected to be used in spintronic devices.S vacancy defects make both CoS_(2) and FeS_(2) metallic.Both the Co and S vacancy defects lead to the decrease of the magnetic moment of CoS_(2),while both the Fe and S vacancy defects lead to the obvious magnetic property of FeS_(2).Vacancy defects enhance the absorption coefficient of infrared band and long band of visible light obviously,and produce obvious red shift phenomenon,which is expected to be used in photoelectric devices.

关键词： cobalt disulfide iron disulfide vacancy defect fist principles

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Ionic Liquid-Enhanced Assembly of Nanomaterials for Highly Stable Flexible Transparent Electrodes

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第7期16卷 441-455页

作者： jianmin Yang Li Chang Xiqi zhang Ziquan Cao Lei Jiang Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190People’s Republic of China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049People’s Republic of China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University of TechnologyChongqing 400054People’s Republic of China Binzhou Institute of Technology Binzhou 256600People’s Republic of China Nanomics Biotechnology Co. Ltd.HangzhouPeople’s Republic of China

The controlled assembly of nanomaterials has demon-strated significant potential in advancing technological devices.However,achieving highly efficient and low-loss assembly technique for nanomate-rials,enabling the creation of hierarchical structures with distinctive func-tionalities,remains a formidable challenge.Here,we present a method for nanomaterial assembly enhanced by ionic liquids,which enables the fabrication of highly stable,flexible,and transparent electrodes featuring an organized layered structure.The utilization of hydrophobic and non-volatile ionic liquids facilitates the production of stable interfaces with water,effectively preventing the sedimentation of 1D/2D nanomaterials assembled at the interface.Furthermore,the interfacially assembled nanomaterial monolayer exhibits an alternate self-climbing behavior,enabling layer-by-layer transfer and the formation of a well-ordered MXene-wrapped silver nanowire network film.The resulting composite film not only demonstrates exceptional photoelectric performance with a sheet resistance of 9.4Ωsq^(-1) and 93%transmittance,but also showcases remarkable environmental stability and mechanical flexibility.Particularly noteworthy is its application in transparent electromagnetic interference shielding materials and triboelectric nanogenerator devices.This research introduces an innovative approach to manufacture and tailor functional devices based on ordered nanomaterials.

关键词： Ionic liquids Assembly Silver nanowires MXene nanosheets Flexible transparent electrodes

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Synthesis of multifunctional additives for solid propellants:Structure,properties and mechanism

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第3期33卷 308-316页

作者： Pingan zhang Lina Sun jianmin Yuan Jianru Deng College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082PR China College of Material Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082PR China Hu Bei Sanjiang Aerospace Jianghe Chemical Technology Co. LtdYichang 444200PR China

To simplify the composite propellant formulation and address the current issue of the single-functionality present in existing additives,the multi-cyano,amine-based polybutadiene(AEHTPB-CN)was prepared based on AEHTPB by adopting appropriate synthesis strategies.By replacing 10% of HTPB binder in the propellant formulation,it can effectively enhance the interfacial bond strength between the propellant binder matrix and solid fillers(AP(ammonium perchlorate)and RDX(cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine)),the mechanical properties of the HTPB/AP/RDX/Al propellant were superior to blank control propellant with an improvement of 35.4% in tensile strength,62.0% enhancement in elongation at break,and reduce the propellant burn rate by 10.7% with any energy loss.The function mechanism of AEHTPB-CN was systematically elucidated through experiments and computer simulation techniques.The results show that the tertiary amine group in AEHTPB-CN can react with AP to form ammonium ionic bonds,and the hydroxyl and cyano groups can form hydrogen bonding interactions with AP,which enables AEHTPB-CN to be firmly adsorbed on the AP surface through chemical and physical interactions.For RDX,the interfacial bonding effect of AEHTPB-CN is attributed to their ability to form C-H···N≡C weak hydrogen bonding interaction between the cyano group and RDX methylene group.

关键词： Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB) HTPB propellant Chemical modification Bonding agent Mechanism

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γδT cells:Major advances in basic and clinical research in tumor immunotherapy

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第1期137卷 21-33页

作者： Yueqi Zhao Peng Dong Wei He jianmin zhang Hui Chen Department of Immunology CAMS Key Laboratory for T Cell and ImmunotherapyState Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100005China Changzhou Xitaihu Institute for Frontier Technology of Cell Therapy ChangzhouJiangsu 213000China Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin 300020China

γδT cells are a kind of innate immune T cell.They have not attracted sufficient attention because they account for only a small proportion of all immune cells,and many basic factors related to these cells remain unclear.However,in recent years,with the rapid development of tumor immunotherapy,γδT cells have attracted increasing attention because of their ability to exert cytotoxic effects on most tumor cells without major histocompatibility complex(MHC)restriction.An increasing number of basic studies have focused on the development,antigen recognition,activation,and antitumor immune response ofγδT cells.Additionally,γδT cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies are being developed,and the number of clinical trials investigating such strategies is increasing.This review mainly summarizes the progress of basic research and the clinical application ofγδT cells in tumor immunotherapy to provide a theoretical basis for further the development ofγδT cell-based strategies in the future.

关键词： Gamma-delta T-cells T cell receptor CD1a Tumor immunotherapy Receptors,chimeric antigen Vδ1 cells αβT cells

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Decreased eggshell strength caused by impairment of uterine calcium transport coincide with higher bone minerals and quality in aged laying hens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1258-1277页

作者： Yu Fu jianmin Zhou Martine Schroyen Haijun zhang Shugeng Wu Guanghai Qi Jing Wang Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInstitute of Feed ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Precision Livestock and Nutrition Laboratory Gembloux Agro‑Bio TechTERRA Teaching and Research CentreUniversity of LiegeGembloux B‑5030Belgium

Background Deteriorations in eggshell and bone quality are major challenges in aged laying hens.This study compared the differences of eggshell quality,bone parameters and their correlations as well as uterine physiologi-cal characteristics and the bone remodeling processes of hens laying eggs of different eggshell breaking strength to explore the mechanism of eggshell and bone quality reduction and their interaction.A total of 24074-week-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were selected and allocated to a high(HBS,44.83±1.31 N)or low(LBS,24.43±0.57 N)eggshell breaking strength group.Results A decreased thickness,weight and weight ratio of eggshells were observed in the LBS,accompanied with ultrastructural deterioration and total Ca reduction.Bone quality was negatively correlated with eggshell quality,marked with enhanced structures and increased components in the LBS.In the LBS,the mammillary knobs and effective layer grew slowly.At the initiation stage of eggshell calcification,a total of 130 differentially expressed genes(DEGs,122 upregulated and 8 downregulated)were identified in the uterus of hens in the LBS relative to those in the HBS.These DEGs were relevant to apoptosis due to the cellular Ca overload.Higher values of p62 protein level,caspase-8 activity,Bax protein expression and lower values of Bcl protein expression and Bcl/Bax ratio were seen in the LBS.TUNEL assay and hematoxylin-eosin staining showed a significant increase in TUNEL-positive cells and tissue damages in the uterus of the LBS.Although few DEGs were identified at the growth stage,similar uterine tissue damages were also observed in the LBS.The expressions of runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteocal-cin were upregulated in humeri of the LBS.Enlarged diameter and more structural damages of endocortical bones and decreased ash were observed in femurs of the HBS.Conclusion The lower eggshell breaking strength may be attributed to a declined Ca transport due to uterine tissue damages,which could affect eggshell calcification and lead to

关键词： Bone parameter Calcium transport Eggshell quality Laying hen Tissue damage

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Bioprinting of inorganic-biomaterial/neural-stem-cell constructs for multiple tissue regeneration and functional recovery

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 228-244页

作者： Hongjian zhang Chen Qin Zhe Shi jianmin Xue Jianxin Hao Jinzhou Huang Lin Du Hongxu Lu Chengtie Wu State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Tissue regeneration is a complicated process that relies on the coordinated effort of the nervous, vascular and immune systems. While the nervous system plays a crucial role in tissue regeneration, current tissue engineering approaches mainly focus on restoring the function of injury-related cells, neglecting the guidance provided by nerves. This has led to unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. Herein, we propose a new generation of engineered neural constructs from the perspective of neural induction, which offers a versatile platform for promoting multiple tissue regeneration. Specifically, neural constructs consist of inorganic biomaterials and neural stem cells(NSCs), where the inorganic biomaterials endows NSCs with enhanced biological activities including proliferation and neural differentiation. Through animal experiments, we show the effectiveness of neural constructs in repairing central nervous system injuries with function recovery. More importantly, neural constructs also stimulate osteogenesis, angiogenesis and neuromuscular junction formation, thus promoting the regeneration of bone and skeletal muscle, exhibiting its versatile therapeutic performance. These findings suggest that the inorganic-biomaterial/NSC-based neural platform represents a promising avenue for inducing the regeneration and function recovery of varying tissues and organs.

关键词： 3D bioprinting neural stem cells inorganic biomaterials neural constructs multiple tissue regeneration

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The functions of exosomes targeting astrocytes and astrocyte-derived exosomes targeting other cell types

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1947-1953页

作者： Hongye Xu He Li Ping zhang Yuan Gao Hongyu Ma Tianxiang Gao Hanchen Liu Weilong Hua Lei zhang Xiaoxi zhang Pengfei Yang jianmin Liu Neurovascular Center Changhai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Emergency Naval Hospital of Eastern TheaterZhoushanZhejiang ProvinceChina

Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system;they participate in crucial biological processes,maintain brain structure,and regulate nervous system function.Exosomes are cell-derived extracellular vesicles containing various bioactive molecules including proteins,peptides,nucleotides,and lipids secreted from their cellular sources.Increasing evidence shows that exosomes participate in a communication network in the nervous system,in which astrocyte-derived exosomes play important roles.In this review,we have summarized the effects of exosomes targeting astrocytes and the astrocyte-derived exosomes targeting other cell types in the central nervous system.We also discuss the potential research directions of the exosome-based communication network in the nervous system.The exosome-based intercellular communication focused on astrocytes is of great significance to the biological and/or pathological processes in different conditions in the brain.New strategies may be developed for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders by focusing on astrocytes as the central cells and utilizing exosomes as communication mediators.

关键词： astrocytes communication exosomes neurological disorders targeting mechanism

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Copper-induced formation of heterostructured Co_(3)O_(4)/CuO hollow nanospheres towards greatly enhanced lithium storage performance

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第2期35卷 594-598页

作者： Junjun zhang Huiying Lu Tianhao Yao Xin Ji Qingmiao zhang Lingjie Meng jianmin Feng Hongkang Wang College of Geography & Environment Xianyang Normal UniversityXianyang 712000China State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE)School of Electrical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China School of Chemistry Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistryand Instrumental Analysis CenterXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China

We report a facile template-free fabrication of heterostructured Co_(3)O_(4)/CuO hollow nanospheres using pre-synthesized Co/Cu-glycerate as conformal precursor.The introduction of copper nitrate in the solvothermal reaction system of glycerol/isopropanol/cobalt nitrate readily induces the conversion from solid Co-glycerate to hollow Co/Cu-glycerate nanospheres,and the effect of the Co/Cu atomic ratio on the structure evolution of the metal glycerates as well as their corresponding oxides were investigated.When examined as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries,the well-defined Co_(3)O_(4)/CuO hollow nanospheres with Co/Cu molar ratio of 2.0 demonstrate excellent lithium storage performance,delivering a high reversible capacity of 930 mAh/g after 300 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A/g and a stable capacity of 650 mAh/g after 500 cycles even at a higher current density of 2.0 A/g,which are much better than their counterparts of bare CuO and Co_(3)O_(4).The enhanced lithium storage performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the CuO and Co_(3)O_(4)heterostructure with hollow spherical morphology,which greatly enhances the charge/electrolyte transfer and effectively buffers the volume changes upon lithiation/delithiation cycling.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries Co/Cu-glycerate Hollow nanospheres Co_(3)O_(4)/CuO heterostructure Electrochemical properties

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