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Transformer: A General Framework from Machine Translation to Others

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Machine Intelligence Research 2023年第4期20卷 514-538页

作者： Yang Zhao jiajun zhang Chengqing Zong National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China

Machine translation is an important and challenging task that aims at automatically translating natural language sentences from one language into ***,Transformer-based neural machine translation(NMT)has achieved great break-throughs and has become a new mainstream method in both methodology and *** this article,we conduct an overview of Transformer-based NMT and its extension to other ***,we first introduce the framework of Transformer,discuss the main challenges in NMT and list the representative methods for each ***,the public resources and toolkits in NMT are ***,the extensions of Transformer in other tasks,including the other natural language processing tasks,computer vision tasks,audio tasks and multi-modal tasks,are briefly ***,possible future research directions are suggested.

关键词： Neural machine translation Transformer document neural machine translation(NMT) multimodal NMT low-resource NMT

Noise-induced coherent switch

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Science China Chemistry 2008年第6期51卷 562-569页

作者： YUAN ZhanJiang zhang jiajun ZHOU TianShou School of Mathematics and Computational Science Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China School of Life Science Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

Taking the famous genetic toggle switch as an example,we numerically investigated the effect of noise on *** found that extrinsic noise resulting from stochastic fluctuations in synthesis and degradation rates and from the environmental fluctuation in gene regulatory processes can induce coherent switch,and that there is an optimal noise intensity such that the noise not only can induce this switch,but also can amplify a weak input *** addition,we found that the intrinsic noise introduced through the Poisson τ-leap algorithm cannot induce such a switch.

关键词： noise coherent switch gene toggle switch gene regulation synthetic gene network

Elemental Sulfur and Dimethyl Sulfoxide-Promoted Oxidative Cyclization of Trifluoroacetimidohydrazides with Methylheta-renes for the Synthesis of 3-Hetaryl-5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazoles

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2021年第12期39卷 3443-3447页

作者： jiajun zhang Jianhua Tang Zhengkai Chen Xiao-Feng Wu Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Surface&Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310018China Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianLiaoning 116023China Leibniz-lnstitutfurKatalysee.V. Albert-Einstein-Stra6e 29a18059 RostockGermany

A metal-free approach for the synthesis of 3-hetaryl-5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazoles via sulfur/dimethyl sulfoxide-promoted oxidative cyclization of readily available trifluoroacetimidohydrazides with methylhetarenes has been *** transformation proceeds in cascade sulfur-mediated generation of thioaldehyde,condensation,intramolecular cyclization and oxidative aromatization sequence.

关键词： Heterocycles Oxidation Solvent effects Sulfur Trifluoroacetimidohydrazides

Hydrogel bioadhesives harnessing nanoscale phase separation for Achilles tendon repairing

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 778-787页

作者： Jun zhang Xingmei Chen Jingseng Lin Pei zhang Iek Man Lei Yue Tao jiajun zhang Tian Luo Ji Liu Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Research and Innovation Center SKG Health TechnologyShenzhen 518000China SAFE(Shenzhen)Medical Technology Company Limited Shenzhen 518000China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems Department of Mechanical and Energy EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Repairing Achilles tendon has emerged as a long-standing challenge in the orthopaedic *** suture is the gold standard for re-attaching and repairing the fractured Achilles tendons in clinical surgeries,it is still subjected to numerous adverse side-effects,including chronic inflammatory,tendon tissue re-rupture,scar formation,and post-surgical peritendinous *** this work,we develop a class of hydrogel bioadhesives with tailored nanoscale phase separation for Achilles tendon *** address the existing limitations of sutures,our hydrogel bioadhesives encompass three core functionalities:(i)instant and tough adhesion to Achilles tendon tissues,(ii)extraordinary long-term adhesion robustness under wet and dynamic in vivo conditions,and(iii)anti-postsurgical peritendinous *** our hydrogel bioadhesives with sutures,such kind of integrated approach enables a conformable yet robust biointerface with the tendon tissues,and prevents the fibroblast migration and formation of connective tissues,thus facilitating the tendon *** hydrogel bioadhesives reported here open up new opportunities for the repairing of fractured Achilles tendons in diverse and complicated clinical scenarios.

关键词： hydrogels phase separation bioadhesion robustness tendon repairing

Improving flight performance of UAVs by ice shape modulation

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第8期37卷 49-62页

作者： jiajun zhang Xuecheng LIU Hua LIANG Like XIE Biao WEI Haohua ZONG Yun WU Yinghong Li National Key Lab of Aerospace Power System and Plasma Technology Air Force Engineering UniversityXi’an 710038China Institute of Aero-Engine School of Mechanical EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

Aircraft icing poses a great threat to flight *** response to the characteristics of high-power consumption,large volume,and heavy weight of traditional anti-/de-icing technologies,the concept of ice shape modulation is proposed,which is called ice tolerant ***,the flight performance of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)was compared in three states:no ice,full ice,and modulated ice through flight *** was found that ice shape modulation has a significant improvement effect on the aerodynamic performance of aircraft under icing *** the three modulated ice shape conditions in this experiment,the lift coefficient of the UAV under different ice shape modulation conditions increased by 18%–33%,and the stalling angle was delayed by 3°-5°.Subsequently,the pressure distribution,streamlines in the flow field,and detached vortex distribution of the UAV model in these three states were obtained through numerical simulation,to study the mechanism of ice shape modulation on the aerodynamic performance of *** simulation found that the reason for the improvement of the wings effect after ice shape modulation is that the modulated area forms a leading-edge protrusion structure similar to a vortex *** structure prolongs the mixed flow region on the wings surface and reduces the trend of flow separation,which plays a role in increasing lift and reducing drag for UAVs under icing ***,a reverse reachable set that can be used for unexpected state recovery is used as the definition of flight safety boundaries,and an aircraft dynamics model is established to obtain flight safety boundaries for different *** has found that the flight safety boundary of the UAV in a no ice state is greater than that in a modulated ice state,and the safety boundary in a modulated ice state is greater than that in a full ice *** with the full ice state,the flight safety boundary after modulation has expanded by 27.0%.The sch

关键词： Ice shape modulation Aerodynamic performance Reachable set Flight safety UAV

A 24−30 GHz 8-element dual-polarized 5G FR2 phased-array transceiver IC with 20.8-dBm TX OP1dB and 4.1-dB RX NF in 65-nm CMOS

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第1期45卷 22-32页

作者： Yongran Yi Dixian Zhao jiajun zhang Peng Gu Chenyu Xu Yuan Chai Huiqi Liu Xiaohu You National Mobile Communication Research Laboratory Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing 211111China Chengdu Xphased Technology Company Ltd. Chengdu 610041China

This article presents an 8-element dual-polarized phased-array transceiver(TRX)front-end IC for millimeter-wave(mm-Wave)5G new radio(NR).Power enhancement technologies for power amplifiers(PA)in mm-Wave 5G phased-array TRX are discussed.A four-stage wideband high-power class-AB PA with distributed-active-transformer(DAT)power combining and multi-stage second-harmonic traps is proposed,ensuring the mitigated amplitude-to-phase(AM-PM)distortions across wide carrier frequencies without degrading transmitting(TX)power,gain and *** and receiving(RX)switching is achieved by a matching network co-designed on-chip T/R *** each TRX element,6-bit 360°phase shifting and 6-bit 31.5-dB gain tuning are respectively achieved by the digital-controlled vector-modulated phase shifter(VMPS)and differential attenuator(ATT).Fabricated in 65-nm bulk complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS),the proposed TRX demonstrates the measured peak TX/RX gains of 25.5/21.3 dB,covering the 24−29.5 GHz *** measured peak TX OP1dB and power-added efficiency(PAE)are 20.8 dBm and 21.1%,*** measured minimum RX NF is 4.1 *** TRX achieves an output power of 11.0−12.4 dBm and error vector magnitude(EVM)of 5%with 400-MHz 5G NR FR2 OFDM 64-QAM signals across 24−29.5 GHz,covering 3GPP 5G NR FR2 operating bands of n257,n258,and n261.

关键词： fifth-generation(5G) power amplifier millimeter-wave transceiver phased-array

Plasma microRNA-15a/16-1-based machine learning for early detection of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma

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Liver Research 2024年第2期8卷 105-117页

作者： Huan Wei Songhao Luo Yanhua Bi Chunhong Liao Yifan Lian jiajun zhang Yuehua Huang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina School of Mathematics Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina School of Public Health Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Computational Science Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Department of Infectious Diseases The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina

Background and aims:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),which is prevalent worldwide and has a high mortality rate,needs to be effectively *** aimed to evaluate the significance of plasma microRNA-15a/16-1(miR-15a/16)as a biomarker of hepatitis B virus-related HCC(HBV-HCC)using the machine learning *** study was the first large-scale investigation of these two miRNAs in HCC plasma ***:Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction,we measured the plasma miR-15a/16 levels in a total of 766 participants,including 74 healthy controls,335 with chronic hepatitis B(CHB),47 with compensated liver cirrhosis,and 310 with *** diagnostic performance of miR-15a/16 was examined using a machine learning model and compared with that of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP).Lastly,to validate the diagnostic efficiency of miR-15a/16,we performed pseudotemporal sorting of the samples to simulate progression from CHB to ***:Plasma miR-15a/16 was significantly decreased in HCC than in all control groups(P<0.05 for all).In the training cohort,the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),sensitivity,and average precision(AP)for the detection of HCC were higher for miR-15a(AUC=0.80,67.3%,AP=0.80)and miR-16(AUC=0.83,79.0%,AP=0.83)than for AFP(AUC=0.74,61.7%,AP=0.72).Combining miR-15a/16 with AFP increased the AUC to 0.86(sensitivity 85.9%)and the AP to 0.85 and was significantly superior to the other markers in this study(P<0.05 for all),as further demonstrated by the detection error tradeoff ***,miR-15a/16 impressively showed potent diagnostic power in early-stage,small-tumor,and AFP-negative HCC.A validation cohort confirmed these ***,the simulated follow-up of patients further validated the diagnostic efficiency of miR-15a/***:We developed and validated a plasma miR-15a/16-based machine learning model,which exhibited better diagnostic performance for the early diagnosis of HCC compared to that of AFP.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HBV-HCC) microRNA-15a microRNA-16-1 Biomarker Machine learning Pseudotemporal ordering

On the Identification of N-rich Metal-poor Field Stars with Future Chinese Space Station Telescope

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 151-164页

作者： jiajun zhang Baitian Tang Jiang Chang Xiangxiang Xue JoséGFernández-Trincado Chengyuan Li Long Wang Hao Tian Yang Huang School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China CSST Science Center for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210034China Key Lab of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Instituto de Astronomía Universidad Católica del NorteAv.Angamos 0610AntofagastaChile Key Lab of Space Astronomy and Technology National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

During the long term evolution of globular clusters(GCs), some member stars are lost to the field. The recently found nitrogen-rich(N-rich) metal-poor field stars are promising candidates of these GC escapees, since N enhancement is the fingerprint of chemically enhanced populations in GCs. In this work, we discuss the possibility of identifying N-rich metal-poor field stars with the upcoming Chinese Space Station Telescope(CSST). We focus on the main survey camera with NUV, u, g, r, i, z, y filters and slitless spectrograph with a resolution about *** combination of UV sensitive equipment and prominent N-related molecular lines in the UV band bodes well for the identification: the color–color diagram of(u-g) versus(g-r) is capable of separating N-rich field stars from normal halo stars, if metallicity can be estimated without using the information on u-band ***, the synthetic spectra show that a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 is sufficient to identify N-rich field stars. In the near future, a large sample of N-rich field stars found by CSST, combined with state-of-the-art N-body simulations will be crucial to deciphering GC-Galaxy co-evolution.

关键词： stars:chemically peculiar stars:abundances techniques:photometric techniques:spectroscopic

Review of the Clinical Applications of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in Bloodstream Infection

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第1期12卷 137-146页

作者： jiajun zhang Guomin zhang Shiman Jin Department of Infectious Diseases Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College Chengde China

Bloodstream infection (BSI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. If we can make early diagnosis and start effective antibiotic treatment in time, the hospitalization time of patients with bloodstream infection can be significantly shortened. However, the current diagnosis of bloodstream infection cannot achieve the ideal therapeutic effect to a large extent because of the matrix effect of blood and the long turnaround time of blood culture. Therefore, a new detection method with a short turnaround time and high sensitivity is needed for the early diagnosis and timely treatment to improve the prognosis of patients. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a recently developed method for the comprehensive analysis of all microorganisms and genetic materials in clinical samples and is expected to be the main method for the early diagnosis of bloodstream infections. This review discusses the clinical application of mNGS in bloodstream infections. We also discuss technical challenges that need to be addressed to improve the diagnostic applicability of mNGS.

关键词： Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) Bloodstream Infection (BSI) Bacteremia Sepsis Diagnosis