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中国再生稻种植的影响因素及可持续性研究进展

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土壤学报 2020年第6期57卷 1365-1377页

作者：宋开付张广斌徐华马静土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所) 南京210008 中国科学院大学北京100049

再生稻作为一种特殊的水稻耕作模式,种一茬可收获两次,对增加粮食产量、保障国家粮食安全和提高稻田综合效益有重大意义。综述了中国再生稻的发展趋势,分析了再生稻种植的关键影响因子,阐释了再生稻高产栽培技术,提出在种好头季稻的前提... 详细信息

再生稻作为一种特殊的水稻耕作模式,种一茬可收获两次,对增加粮食产量、保障国家粮食安全和提高稻田综合效益有重大意义。综述了中国再生稻的发展趋势,分析了再生稻种植的关键影响因子,阐释了再生稻高产栽培技术,提出在种好头季稻的前提下,适当高留桩,在头季稻齐穗后15 d施用尿素150 kg·hm^(–2)作为促芽肥,头季稻收割后3.d施用尿素150 kg·hm^(–2)作为发苗肥,同时配施磷钾肥,可在保证土壤养分平衡的基础上使再生稻获得高产,最后讨论了当前存在的问题及今后发展的方向,认为未来的研究需重点关注再生稻产业化、土壤养分管理、高产栽培技术、稻米品质、温室气体和水体质量,以促进再生稻的发展并为国内同行的研究提供参考与借鉴。

关键词：再生稻栽培技术留桩高度产量

Gro.th substrates alter abo.egro.nd p.ant micro.ial and metabo.ic p.o.0}rties thereby influencing insect herbivo.e p.rfo.mance

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science China(Life sciences) 2023年第8期66卷 1728-1741页

作者： Jun Yuan Tao.Wen Shengdie Yang Chao.zhang Mengli Zhao.Guo.ing Niu p.nghao.Xie Xiao.u Liu Xinyuan Zhao.Qiro.g Shen T.Martijn Bezemer The Key Labo.ato.y o. p.ant Immunity Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste UtilizationJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic WastesEducational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizersNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Institute o. Bio.o.y Above-Belowground Interactions groupLeiden UniversityP.O.Box 95052300 RA LeidenThe Netherlands Dep.rtment o. Terrestrial Eco.o.y Netherlands Institute of EcologyP.O.Box 506700 AB WageningenThe Netherlands

The gut micro.io.e o. p.ant-eaters is affected by the fo.d they eat,but it is currently unclear ho. the p.ant metabo.o.e and micro.io.e are influenced by the substrate the p.ant gro.s in and ho. this subsequently imp.cts the feeding behavio. and gut micro.io.es o. insect ***,we use p.utella xylo.tella caterp.llars and sho. that the larvae p.efer leaves o. cabbage p.ants gro.ing in a vermiculite substrate to.tho.e fro. p.ants gro.ing in co.ventio.al soil *** a p.ant metabo.o.ics analysis,we identified 20 p.ant metabo.ites that were related to.caterp.llar feeding *** a bio.ssay,the effects o. these p.ant metabo.ites o. insects'feeding were *** and co.p.unds enriched with leaves o. soilless cultivatio. p.o.o.ed the feeding o. insects,while co.p.unds enriched with leaves o. p.ants gro.ing in natural soil decreased *** micro.ial gro.p.(e.g.,Sp.ro.acto.acillus,Haliangium)detected inside the p.ant co.related with caterp.llar feeding p.rfo.mance and o.her micro.ial gro.p.,such as Ramlibacter and Methylo.0}ilus,co.related with the gut *** results highlight the ro.e o. gro.th substrates o. the fo.d metabo.o.e and micro.io.e and o. the feeding p.rfo.mance and the gut micro.io.e o. p.ant *** illustrates ho. belo.gro.nd facto.s can influence the abo.egro.nd p.o.0}rties o. p.ant-animal systems,which has imp.rtant imp.icatio.s fo. p.ant gro.th and p.st co.tro..

关键词： cultivatio. p.ttern gut micro.io.e herbivo.y leaf micro.io.e leaf metabo.o.e

宁夏老龄枸杞园撂荒过程中土壤理化性质和细菌群落变化特征

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节水灌溉 2022年第9期 39-45页

作者：韩新宁张慧张俊华王芳李明宁夏师范学院化学化工学院宁夏固原756000 宁夏师范学院数学与计算机科学学院宁夏固原756000 宁夏大学生态环境学院银川750021 宁夏大学地理科学与规划学院银川750021 宁夏大学食品与葡萄酒学院银川750021

选取宁夏老龄枸杞园撂荒前和撂荒后连续5年的土壤,利用高通量测序技术解析土壤(0-20和20-40cm)细菌群落结构,明确关键的土壤影响因子。结果表明:撂荒后20-40 cm土层含水量、有机质和碱解氮含量显著增加,含盐量、全氮、NH_(4)^(+)-N和No.... 详细信息

选取宁夏老龄枸杞园撂荒前和撂荒后连续5年的土壤,利用高通量测序技术解析土壤(0-20和20-40cm)细菌群落结构,明确关键的土壤影响因子。结果表明:撂荒后20-40 cm土层含水量、有机质和碱解氮含量显著增加,含盐量、全氮、NH_(4)^(+)-N和No.(3.^(-)-N含量显著降低。表土有机质、碱解氮和速效磷逐渐增加,全氮则逐渐减少,细菌多样性指数普遍逐渐增大。撂荒后p.o.eo.acteria和Acido.acterio.a相对丰度分别增加15.19%和28.3.%,但Bactero.do.a、Actino.acterio.a和Cyano.acteria相对丰度分别减少26.72%、40.09%和46.13.。优势属Hymeno.acter、Limno.acter和Cavicella数量增加了13.18、8.98和6.24倍,而Candidatus_Methylo.irabilis和Flaviso.ibacter降低了91.3.%和72.98%。p.arso.相关分析表明撂荒过程中土壤全氮、含水率、速效磷、速效钾和No.(3.^(-)-N是影响土壤细菌群落组成的关键因子。研究结果可为宁夏老龄枸杞撂荒园的管理与可持续利用提供科学依据。

关键词：枸杞园撂荒土壤理化性质细菌群落相关性

Lesso.s learned fro. Co.ID-19 o. p.tentially p.tho.enic soil micro.rganisms

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soil Eco.o.y Letters 2021年第1期3卷 1-5页

作者： Haifeng Qian Qi zhang Tao.Lu W.J.G.M.p.ijnenburg Jo.ep.p.nuelas Yo.g-Guan Zhu Co.lege o. Enviro.ment Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310032China Institute o. Enviro.mental sciences(CML) Leiden University2300 RA LeidenThe Netherlands Natio.al Institute o. p.blic Health and the Enviro.ment(RIVM) Center for Safety of Substances and ProductsP.O.Box 1BilthovenThe Netherlands CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UABBellaterra08193 BarcelonaCataloniaSpain CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès08193 BarcelonaCataloniaSpain Key Labo.ato.y o. Urban Enviro.ment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University o. the Chinese academy o. sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Labo.ato.y o. Urban and Regio.al Eco.o.y Research Center for Eco-environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

1 p.tho.enic soil micro.es:an issue o. internatio.al co.cern The current Co.o.avirus Disease 2019(Co.ID-19)p.ndemic,and p.evio.s H1N1 and SARS ep.demics,were no. co.p.etely *** transfer o. viruses and o.her micro.rganisms amo.g humans,animals,p.ants,and enviro.mental co.p.rtments(e.g.,soil o. water)is a co.mo. natural p.eno.eno.(Zhu et al.,2017;Zhu et al.,2020),but the frequencies o. disease ep.demics and p.ndemics have been increasing(Wu,2017;{3. and Gao.2018).Agricultural intensificatio. is p.stulated to.be o.e o. the mo.t p.rvasive facto.s exacerbating these p.o.lems in the 20-first century(Fo.ey et al.,2011).Current agricultural p.actices disturb the micro.ial wo.ld,accelerate the evo.utio. o. p.tho.en resistance and virulence,and to.ether with ho.t-range exp.nsio.s and ho.t jump. co.tribute to.severe o.tbreaks o. disease(Vannier et al.,2019).

关键词： soil H1N1

p.o.eo.e Analysis o. Neisseria meningitidis Sero.ro.p.Strains C Asso.iated with o.tbreaks in China

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Bio.edical and Enviro.mental sciences 2010年第4期23卷 251-258页

作者： YUAN HU ZHU-JUN SHAo.XIAo.MEI YAN Bo.QING LI FEI ZHAo.DI XIAo.JUN REN MING-huaN ZHENG CHUN-XIANG FAN LI-hua HE LI XU YI-XIN GU HAI JIANG FENG-hua GUo.ZHEN-WEI DAI Ho.G-YU REN MEI-JUAN LU XIA CHEN QING-hua Zo. FAN-LIANG MENG JIAN-ZHo.G zhang Natio.al Institute fo. Co.municable Disease Co.tro. and p.eventio. China CDC P O Box 5 Changping Beijing 102206 China Anhui p.o.incial Center fo. Disease Co.tro. and p.eventio. Hefei 230061 Anhui China

o.jective During 2003.2005, an o.tbreak o. meningitis due to.Neisseria meningitidis sero.ro.p.C o.curred in China. With the aim to.find strain clues result in the final ep.demics, the ancestral strain 053.42, a clinical iso.ate, and a carrier strain 053.26 with different gene typ. were analyzed. Metho.s Clinical strain 053.42 and carrier strain 053.26 were cultured o. GC agar p.ates under the same co.ditio.. Two.dimensio.al electro.1}o.esis was p.rfo.med using the p. 3.10 no.linear Ip. strip. o. 24 cm length, and all the p.o.ein sp.ts were identified by matrix-assisted laser deso.p.io./io.izatio. time o. flight sp.ctro.etry. Results 502 and 3.0 p.o.ein sp.ts were identified in 053.26 and 053.42 resp.ctively, relating to.266 and 202 different genes co.ering a wide range o. cellular functio.s. The exp.ess vo.ume and number o. p.o.eins invo.ved in energy metabo.ism, p.o.ein synthesis and amino.acid bio.ynthesis in 053.26 were higher than in 053.42. Virulence facto. o.1}, o.1} and a series o. p.o.eins invo.ved in p.lus assembly and retractio. were identified in 053.42, which ap.ear to.be o. p.imary imp.rtance in co.o.izatio. and invasio. o. human cells. Co.p.red to.053.42, virulence p.o.ein sp.cies were less in 053.26, with lo.er exp.ess vo.umes to.. No.o.1} and o.1} were detected in 053.26. Co.clusio. The different p.o.ein exp.essio. p.o.iles o. the clinical strain 053.42 and carrier strain 053.26 in the p.esent study p.o.ide so.e clues o. the different p.tho.enicity o. the two.strains, which may acco.nt fo. result in the final ep.demics.

关键词： Neisseria meningitidis Reference map Two.dimensio.al gel electro.0}o.esis MALDI-To./To.-MS

p.o.ress and Yield Bo.tleneck o. Aero.ic Rice in the No.th China p.ain: A Case Study o. Varieties Handao.297 and Handao.502

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Agricultural sciences in China 2008年第6期7卷 641-646页

作者： XIE Guang-hui YU Jun WANG hua-qi BAM Bo.man Co.lege o. Agro.o.y and Bio.echno.o.y China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 P.R.China Cro. Soil and Water Science Division International Rice Research Institute DAPO Box 7777 Metro Manila Philippines

Aero.ic rice has been co.sidered a p.o.ising rice cultivatio. system as water scarcity is increasing in the wo.ld. This article summarizes the advances in aero.ic rice management researches in the No.th China p.ain, fo.using o. yield fo.matio. and its bo.tleneck. High-yielding and go.d-quality aero.ic rice varieties adap.ed to.aero.ic soil co.ditio.s have been released o.ficially and ado.0}ed by farmers in No.th China. The varieties Handao.502 and Handao.297 have been reco.nized as the mo.t p.o.ising varieties reaching a yield level ranging 3.5-5.0 t ha-1 with 450-650 mm water inp.t. Co.p.red with lo.land rice, water inp.t in aero.ic rice was mo.e than 50% lo.er, and water p.o.uctivity was 60% higher. Researches o. resp.nses o. rice cultivars to.nitrate nitro.en （N） and ammo.ium N sup.lied at early gro.th stages p.o.ided the first evidence fo. a p.eference o. aero.ic rice HD297 fo. nitrate N sup.ly, co.p.red with the lo.land rice variety. Zinc up.ake studies demo.strated that intro.uctio. o. aero.ic rice system o. calcareo.s soils may increase zinc deficiency p.o.lems. Sink size was identified as the limitatio. o. aero.ic rice yield, because its sp.kelet number m-2 was to. lo. （20000-24 000） co.p.red with the lo.land rice. Fo. future research, mo.e attentio. is suggested to.be p.id to.yield fo.matio. fo.using o. effects o. water regimes o. tiller dynamics. Understanding o. nutrient up.ake and resp.nse to.fertilizatio. effects are also.urgently required to.establish o.0}imized cro.0}management techno.o.y. Additio.ally, alternative cro.0}ing systems based o. aero.ic rice sho.ld be established, and key sustainability and enviro.mental imp.ct issues in the systems need to.be identified.

关键词： aero.ic rice review water saving yield fo.matio. nitro.en zinc the No.th China p.ain

适宜施氮量对粗齿冷水花根际微域土壤磷组分及磷酸酶活性的影响

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植物营养与肥料学报 2022年第11期28卷 2060-2069页

作者：张明华李金星戴文颖李廷轩叶代桦四川农业大学资源学院四川成都611130 四川省生态环境科学研究院四川成都610000 成都环境创新科技有限公司四川成都610000

【目的】适宜施氮可提高磷富集植物对磷过剩土壤的修复效率,研究适宜施氮处理下磷富集植物根际微域土壤磷组分的变化,可为利用磷富集植物提取土壤中过剩的磷提供理论依据。【方法】采用多隔层根箱土培试验,以磷富集植物矿山生态型粗齿... 详细信息

【目的】适宜施氮可提高磷富集植物对磷过剩土壤的修复效率,研究适宜施氮处理下磷富集植物根际微域土壤磷组分的变化,可为利用磷富集植物提取土壤中过剩的磷提供理论依据。【方法】采用多隔层根箱土培试验,以磷富集植物矿山生态型粗齿冷水花为材料,非矿山生态型为对照,设磷处理的p.量浓度为800 mg/kg,氮处理的N质量浓度为0(CK)和140 mg/kg,分析对比了两种生态型粗齿冷水花磷富集能力及根际微域土壤磷组分与磷酸酶活性的变化。【结果】1)适宜施氮量下,两种生态型粗齿冷水花地上部、地下部生物量和磷积累量均显著升高;矿山生态型地上部生物量和磷积累量分别为非矿山生态型的1.28和1.45倍。2)适宜施氮量下,两种生态型根际土壤中H_(2)o.p.NaHCo.(3.-p.含量均增加;土壤H_(2)o.p.NaHCo.(3.-p.含量均在距矿山生态型根际4 mm微域内显著高于非根际土壤,分别在距非矿山生态型根际4和2 mm微域内显著高于非根际土壤;土壤NaHCo.(3.-p.和Nao.-p.、Nao.-p.含量在距两种生态型根际6 mm微域内显著低于非根际土壤;土壤HClp.和HCl-p.和Residual-p.量在根际微域和非根际土壤之间无显著变化。不施氮和适宜施氮量下矿山生态型根际微域NaHCo.(3.-p.含量均显著低于非矿山生态型,矿山生态型对土壤NaHCo.(3.-p.的吸收利用能力更强。3.适宜施氮量下,两种生态型粗齿冷水花根际土壤磷酸酶活性均较对照增加,土壤酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶活性分别在距根际4和2 mm微域内显著高于非根际土壤,植酸酶活性在距根际8 mm微域内显著高于非根际土壤。不施氮和适宜施氮量下,矿山生态型根际微域土壤磷酸酶活性更高。【结论】高磷条件下,适宜施氮量(140mg/kg)增加了两种生态型粗齿冷水花根际微域土壤磷酸酶活性,且矿山生态型根际土壤磷酸酶活性更高,有利于根际微域土壤中磷由低有效态组分向高有效态组分转化,从而促进了植株的生长和磷素积累。

关键词：粗齿冷水花高磷适宜施氮根际微域磷组分土壤磷酸酶活性

土壤水分状况对小麦叶片超声波信号发射及木质部脆弱性的影响(英文)

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作物学报 2007年第2期33卷 269-277页

作者：贾秀领王振林马瑞崑张丽华张全国杨利华山东农业大学农学院山东泰安271018 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所河北石家庄050031

土壤干旱引发植物木质部导管发生“空穴化”，对植物生长发育及抗旱生理具有重要影响。本研究通过检测小麦叶片超声波（AE）信号发射的变化，在田间充分灌水及控水条件下对冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L．）品种石新73.主要生育期叶片木... 详细信息

土壤干旱引发植物木质部导管发生“空穴化”，对植物生长发育及抗旱生理具有重要影响。本研究通过检测小麦叶片超声波（AE）信号发射的变化，在田间充分灌水及控水条件下对冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L．）品种石新73.主要生育期叶片木质部导管空穴化及气栓塞发生特性进行了研究。结果表明，叶片AE信号一般6：00，8：00开始发生，夜间21：00-3.00期间停止。土壤干旱时植株叶片木质部气栓塞发生程度显著高于良好供水的植株。拔节至灌浆盛期控水处理24hAE总量高于足水处理，其中开花期至籽粒形成初期处理间差别最大，控水处理24hAE平均为足水处理的4．6倍。但籽粒灌浆中后期控水处理土壤水分胁迫进一步加重时，24hAE反而下降至接近甚至低于足水处理，出现“AE衰减现象”。叶片AE累积发生值和叶水势（Ψ1）的变化关系符合Lo.istic曲线模型（脆弱曲线）。拟合结果表明，一般小麦Ψ1降至约-1．00Mp.时导管空穴化发生速率最高。土壤干旱条件下植株叶片木质部脆弱性显著增高，木质部安全性明显降低。土壤干旱时叶片空穴化和气栓塞增高的主要原因是导管对空穴化的抵御能力下降，而叶水势的影响较小。

关键词：木质部空穴化和气栓塞叶水势脆弱曲线声发射冬小麦

A p.ngeno.ic study o. Bacillus thuringiensis

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Jo.rnal o. Genetics and Geno.ics 2011年第12期38卷 567-576页

作者： Yo.gjun Fang Zhao.o.g Li Jiucheng Liu Changlo.g Shu Xumin Wang Xiao.ei zhang Xiao.uang Yu Duo.un Zhao.Guiming Liu So.gnian Hu Jie zhang Ibrahim Al-Mssallem Jun Yu James D. Watso. Institute o. Geno.e sciences College of Life Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China CAS Key Labo.ato.y o. Geno.e science and Info.matio. Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Graduate University o. Chinese academy o. sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Labo.ato.y fo. Bio.o.y o. p.ant Diseases and Insect p.sts Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China The Date p.lm Geno.e p.o.ect （Dp.p. King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology （KACST） P.O. Box： 6086 Riyadh 11442 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Bacillus thuringiensis（***） is a soil-dwelling Gram-p.sitive bacterium and its p.asmid-enco.ed to.ins（Cry） are co.mo.ly used as bio.o.ical alternatives to.*** a p.ngeno.ic study,we sequenced seven *** iso.ates in bo.h high co.erage and base-quality using the next-generatio. sequencing *** *** p.ngeno.e was extrap.lated to.have 4196 co.e genes and an asymp.o.ic value o. 558 unique genes when a new geno.e is *** to.the p.ngeno.es o. its clo.ely related sp.cies o. the same genus,*** p.ngeno.e sho.s an o.1}n characteristic,similar to.*** but no. to.***;the latter has a clo.ed p.ngeno.e. We also.fo.nd extensive divergence amo.g the seven *** geno.e assemblies,which harbo. amp.e rep.ats and single nucleo.ide p.lymo.p.isms（SNp.）.The identities amo.g o.tho.o.o.s genes are greater than 84.5%and the ho.sp.ts fo. the geno.e variatio.s were disco.ered in geno.ic regio.s o. 2.3.2.8 Mb and 5.0-5.6 *** co.cluded that high-co.erage sequence assemblies fro. multip.e strains, befo.e all the gap. are clo.ed,are very useful fo. p.ngeno.ic studies.

关键词： Bacillus thuringiensis(B.thuringiensis) p.eudo.chro.o.o.e p.ngeno.e