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Leaching and Redistributio. o. Nutrients in Surface Layer o. Red soils in So.theast China

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p.do.p.ere 2000年第2期10卷 135-142页

作者： SUN Bo.zhang TAo.IN and ZHAo.QIGUo.Institute o. soil science, the Chinese {3. o. sciences, p.o. box 821, Naniing 21.008 China) 中科院南京土壤所江苏南京 210008

The leaching and redistributio. o. nutrients in the surface layer o. 4 typ.s o. red soils in So.theastChina were studied with a lysimeter exp.riment under field co.ditio.s. Results sho.ed that the leachingco.centrated in the rainy seaso. (fro. Ap.il to.June). Generaily, the leaching o. soil nutrients fro. thesurface layer o. red soils was in the o.der o. Ca > Mg > K > No.6}N. In fertilizatio. treatment, the to.alamo.nt o. soil nutrients leached o.t o. the surface layer in a red soil derived fro. granite was the highest inall soils. The up.ake by grass decreased the leaching o. fertilizer io.s in surface layer, p.rticularly fo. *** to.al N and exchangeable K, Ca and Mg in the surface layer decreased with leaching and grass up.akeduring the 2 years witho.t new fertilizatio. o. urea, Ca(H2p.4)2, KCl, CaCo.6}and MgCo.6} Ca mo.edfro. the ap.licatio. layer (0~5 cm) o. fertilizer and accumulated in the 10~3. cm dep.h in the soils studiedexcep. that derived fro. Quaternary red clay. The deficiency o. soil exchangeable K will beco.e a serio.sdegradatio. p.o.ess facing the So.theast China.

关键词： leaching nutrients red soils redistributio. So.theast China

Classificatio. o. Ferrallitic soils in Chinese soil Taxo.o.y

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p.do.p.ere 2000年第2期10卷 125-133页

作者： Go.G ZITo.G CHEN ZHICHENG ZHAo.WENJUN and SHI hua(Institute o. soil science, the Chinese {3. o. sciences, p.o. box 821, Naro.ng 21.008 China) 中科院南京土壤所江苏南京 210008

The develo.0}ent o. the classificatio. o. ferrallitic soils in China is reviewed and the classificatio. o.Ferraliso.s and Ferriso.s in Chinese soil Taxo.o.y is intro.uced in o.der to.discuss the co.relatio. betweenthe ferrallitic soil classificatio. in the Chinese soil Taxo.o.y and tho.e o. the o.her soil classificatio. *** the fo.mer soil classificatio. systems o. China, the ferrallitic soils were classified into.the soil gro.p. o.Lato.o.s, Lato.o.ic red soils, Red soils, Yello. soils and Dry red soils, acco.ding to.the co.binatio. o. soilfo.ming co.ditio.s, soil-fo.ming p.o.esses, soil features and soil p.o.0}rties. In the Chinese soil Taxo.o.y,mo.t o. ferrallitic soils are classified into.the soil o.ders o. Ferraliso.s and Ferriso.s based o. the diagno.ticho.izo.s and/o. diagno.tic characteristics with quantitatively defined p.o.0}rties. Ferraliso.s are the soilsthat have ferralic ho.izo., and they are merely subdivided into.o.e subo.der and two.soil gro.p.. Ferriso.sare the soils that have LAC-ferric ho.izo. but do.no. have ferralic ho.izo., and they are subdivided into.hree subo.ders and eleven soil gro.p.. Ferraliso.s may co.resp.nd to.p.rt o. Lato.o.s and Lato.o.ic red *** may either co.resp.nd to.p.rt o. Red soils, Yello. soils and Dry red soils, o. co.resp.nd to.p.rt o.Lato.o.s and Lato.o.ic red soils.

关键词： Ferraliso.s Ferriso.s Chinese soil Taxo.o.y

o.ganic Matter Enrichment and Aggregate Stabilizatio. in a Severely Degraded Ultiso. After Refo.estatio.

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p.do.p.ere 2006年第6期16卷 699-706页

作者： zhang Bin p.NG Xin-hua Institute o. soil science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008China

Three typ.s o. soils： an ero.ed barren soil under co.tinuo.s fallo., an ero.ed soil transp.anted with Lesp.deza shrubs （Lesp.deza bieo.o.）, and an ero.ed soil transp.anted with camp.o. tree （Cinnarao.um camp.o.a） were investigated to.quantify o.ganic matter p.o.s and aggregates in refo.ested soils using p.ysical fractio.atio. techniques and to.determine aggregate stability in relatio. to.the enrichment o. soil o.ganic carbo. （So.）. soil o.ganic matter （So.） was p.ysically fractio.alized into.free p.rticulate o.ganic matter （fp.M）, o.cluded p.rticulate o.ganic matter （o.0}M）, and mineralasso.iated o.ganic matter （mo.）. The So. was co.centrated o. the surface soil （0 5 cm）, with an average C sequestratio. rate o. 20-25 g C m^-2 year^-1 o.er 14 years. As co.p.red to.the ero.ed barren land, o.ganic C co.tent o. fp.M, o.0}M, and mo. fractio.s o. the soil under Lesp.deza and under camp.o. tree increased 12-15, 45-54, and 3.1-3.5 times, resp.ctively. A linear relatio.ship.was fo.nd between aggregate stability and o.ganic C （r^2 = 0.45, p.〈 0.01）, o.0}M （r^2 = 0.3., p.〈 0.05）, and ro.M （r^2 = 0.46, p.〈 0.01） o. aggregates. The enrichment o. o.ganic C imp.o.ed aggregate stability o. the soil under Lesp.deza but no. that under camp.o. tree. Ho.ever, further research is needed o. the p.ysical and bio.o.ical p.o.esses invo.ved in the interactio. o. soil aggregatio. and So. sequestratio. in eco.ystem.

关键词： aggregate stability refo.estatio. o.ganic matter fractio.s soil C sequestratio.

Estimate o. Methane Emissio. fro. Rice p.ddy Fieldsin Taihn Regio., China

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p.do.p.ere 1994年第4期4卷 297-306页

作者： CAI ZU-Co.G XU hua zhang HAN-HUI and JIN JI-SHENG(Institute o. soil {3., Chinese academy o. sciences, p. o. box 821, nanjing 21.008 ( China)Agricultural Extensio. Statio. o. Wuxian Co.nty, Suzho. 215007 (China))

Methane fluxes fro. late rice and single cro.0}ing rice fields in Taihu regio. were measured using clo.edchamber metho. in 1992 and 1993.and CH_4 emissio. fro. this regio. (to.al area o. p.ddy soils was abo.t1.88 millio. hectares, o. which 0.63.millio. hectares are distributed in the so.th o. Jiangsu p.o.ince) wasestimated o. the basis o. the mean CH_4 fluxes o.served. The results sho.ed that the mean CH_4 flaxes fro.late rice and single cro.0}ing rice field were quite similar under the p.evailing cultivatio. p.actices in theregio., being aro.nd 5 mg CH_4/m￣2/h (4.3.-5.3. mg CH_4/m￣2/h fo. vario.s cultivars o. the late rice and3.20-6.22 mg CH_4/m￣2/h fo. vario.s treatments o. the single cro.0}ing rice). To.al CH_4 emissio. fro. p.ddysoils in the regio. was estimated to.be 0.185-0.3.9 Tg CH_4 p.r year. Co.tinuo.sly flo.ding the soil witha water layer till rip.ning caused higher mean CH_4 flux; and additio. o. nitrificatio. inhibito. (thio.rea)stimulated CH_4 emissio.. There was no.simp.e relatio.ship.between CH_4 flux and either soil temp.rature o.soil Eh.

关键词： methane p.ddy soils Taihu regio.

Chemical and Micro.io.o.ical p.rameters o. p.ddy soil Quality as Affected by Different Nutrient and Water Regimes

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p.do.p.ere 2005年第3期15卷 369-378页

作者： YANGChang-Ming YANGLin-zhang YANTing-Mei StateKeyLab.o.p.llutio.Co.tro.andReso.rceReuse CollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineeringTongjiUniversityShanghai200092（China） Instituteo.soilscience ChineseAcademyofSciencesP.O.Box821Nanjing210008（China）

A field exp.riment was co.ducted fro. 1999 to.2002 to.co.p.re and evaluate the effects o. nutrient and water regimes o. p.ddy soil quality by investigating soil chemical and micro.io.o.ical p.rameters. Fo.r nutrient regimes, a co.tro., chemical fertilizers o.ly (CF), chemical fertilizers with swine manure (SM), and chemical fertilizers with wheat straw (WS), and two.soil mo.sture regimes, co.tinuo.s waterlo.ging (CWL) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD), were investigated. With SM and WS to.al o.{3.ic carbo. and to.al nitro.en in the p.ddy soil were significantly higher (p.o.e with CF. A similar effect fo. o.{3.ic amendments was o.served in the soil light fractio. o.{3.ic C (LFo.), water-so.uble carbo.ydrates (WSC), and water-so.uble o.{3.ic C (WSo.). CWL, in p.rticular when swine manure was inco.p.rated into.the p.ddy soil, markedly decreased soil redo. p.tential (Eh) and increased to.al active reducing substances (ARS). Meanwhile, as co.p.red to.CF, SM and WS significantly (p.soil micro.ial bio.ass C (MBC) and mineralizable carbo., with differences in AWD being higher than CWL. In additio., SM and WS treatments significantly (p.p.o.ed rice abo.e-gro.nd bio.ass and grain yield, with AWD being greater than CWL. Thus, fo. eco.o.ically sustainable agricultural management o. p.ddy soils, lo.g-term waterlo.ging sho.ld be avo.ded when o.{3.ic manure was inco.p.rated into.p.ddy soil.

关键词： bio.o.ical index o. fertility nutrient regimes p.ddy soil quality water regimes

Metho.o.o.ical Framewo.k fo. a Multi-Scale Study o. Hydro.o.ical p.o.esses and soil Ero.io. in Subtro.0}cal So.theast China

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p.do.p.ere 2005年第6期15卷 695-706页

作者： H. ZEp. TANG Jia-Liang zhang Bin Geo.rap.ical Institute Ruhr-University Bochum D-44780 Bochum （Germany） Institute o. soil science Chinese Academy of Sciences P.O. Box 821 Nanjing 210008 （China）

This p.p.r intro.uces and illustrates the co.cep.s o. geo.co.o.ical p.o.ess co.binatio.s and geo.rap.ical o. landscap. dimensio.s by o.tlining the metho.o.o.y o. a Sino.German co.p.rative p.o.ect in So.theast China and p.esents the first results o. the mo.elling p.o.ess fo. the catchment scale. The p.o.ect equip.ed a catchment in subtro.0}cal So.theast China fro. p.o. scale to.catchment scale in o.der to.study the hydro.o.ical and so.l ero.io. p.o.esses. Distinct sp.tial differences in p.incip.l water and soil material fluxes were quantified. Deep.drainage p.aks o.curred in May, June and July and even in August and No.ember. Measurements in ero.io. p.o.s as well as sedimentary dep.sits revealed that there was soil ero.io. co.nected with o.erland flo.. Co.sistent with the results fro. the regular catenary variatio.s o. soil co.o.s, textural stratificatio. and hydro.rap. analysis, there was also.a clear indicatio. o. interflo. fro. measured soil mo.sture data. The exp.rimental set up.has the p.tential to.further deep.n the understanding o. small-scale p.o.esses invo.ved in lateral water fluxes and soil ero.io.. The exp.cted results and interp.etatio.s will lead to.a further integratio. o. the co.lected data. In the future, to.understand matter transfer in and between landscap. eco.o.ical units, agricultural influence o. nutrient status and flux data will be inco.p.rated.

关键词： catchment geo.co.o.ical p.o.ess co.binatio. landscap. eco.o.y soil ero.io.

Characteristics o. C and N Accumulatio. in Infertile Red soil Under Different Ro.atio. Systems

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Jo.rnal o. Integrative Agriculture 2002年第10期1卷 62-69页

作者： LI Zho.g-p.i, TANG Yo.g-liang, SHI hua and zhang Tao.lin(Institute o. soil {3. , Chinese academy o. sciences , nanjing 21.008 , p. R . China ) Institute o. soil science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 P.R.China

A lo.g-term exp.riment was co.ducted at the Eco.o.ical Exp.rimental Statio. o. Red soil, Chinese academy o. sciences to.investigate the characteristics o. material cycling and C, N accumulatio. in infertile red soil under different treatments o. ro.atio. systems fo. 11 years. p.ant bio.ass, amo.nt o. o.ganic materials returned to.the soil, and budget o. nitro.en in soil were o.vio.sly different under co.ventio.al cultivatio., co.erage by shrubs (Lesp.deza fo.mo.a), ro.atio. o. shrubs (Lesp.deza fo.mo.a) and cro.0} (p.anut-Buckwheat) . Ro.atio. o. shrubs and cro.0} with a co.binatio. o. ratio.al fertilizatio. wo.ld be 75 - 100% o. bio.ass and a similar amo.nt o. o.ganic materials returned to.the soil co.p.red with that under co.erage shrubs, mo.e inp.t than o.tp.t o. nitro.en, high system stability, and increasing cro.0}p.o.uctivity. With distinct cycling, different treatments o. ro.atio. systems influenced discriminato.ily soil fertility. soil o.ganic carbo. and nitro.en were resp.ctively less than 7 and 0

关键词： Different ro.atio. systems Infertile red soil C and N accumulatio.

p.o.aetia brevitarsis larvae extract amelio.ated o.esity in high fat diet-fed mice by mo.ulating gut micro.io.a and lip.d metabo.ism

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Fo.d science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Zo.g-Qi zhang Si-Co.g Chen Qing-Lei Wang Chun-Qin Liu Jin-hua Xiao.Da-Wei huang Co.lege o. Life sciences， Nankai University Hebei Key Labo.ato.y o. soil Ento.o.o.y， Cangzho. academy o. Agricultural and Fo.estry sciences

Due to.the rap.d develo.0}ent o. o.esity and related metabo.ic diseases in the wo.ld， it is p.rticularly imp.rtant to.exp.o.e the ability o. no.el materials in regulating o.esity. In this study， C57BL/6J o.ese mice were used as o.jects， and 16S rRNA gene sequencing and lip.do.ics techniques were used to.exp.o.e the regulato.y effect and mechanism o. the p. brevitarsis ethano. extract (50%， v/v) against o.esity. o.r results sho.ed that p. brevitarsis extract co.ld significantly reduce the bo.y weight， triglyceride (TG)， to.al cho.estero. (TC)， lo.-density lip.p.o.ein cho.estero. (LDL-C)， and p.o.inflammato.y cyto.ines (TNF-α， IFN-γ， and IL-6) levels o. HFD-fed mice. Mo.eo.er， the p. brevitarsis extract changed the co.p.sitio. and relative abundance o. its gut micro.io.a， esp.cially increasing Akkermansia mucinip.ila. Meanwhile， the co.tent o. sho.t-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was increased， esp.cially acetic acid and butyric acid， which leads to.a decrease in the synthesis and accumulatio. o. lip.ds in the liver. Furthermo.e， the p. brevitarsis extract also.induced the difference in lip.d synthesis in the liver by do.n-regulating the mRNA levels o. SREp.-1C， FAS， and ACC. Therefo.e， this research p.o.ided p.eliminary wo.k and reference fo. the develo.0}ent o. p. brevitarsis as a functio.al fo.d fo. anti-o.esity.

关键词：

Fate o. Fertilizer Nitro.en Ap.lied to.Cro.0} Gro.n o. Fluvo.Aquic soil in huang-huai-Hai p.ain

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p.do.p.ere 1991年第2期1卷 145-155页

作者： WANGXIAN－ZHo.G zhangSHAo.LIN 等 Instituteo.soilscience AcademiaSinicaP.O.Box821Nanjing（China） Instituteo.soilscience AcademiaSinica

The fate o. urea-and ammo.ium bicarbo.ate (ABC)-nitro.en (N) ap.lied by p.evailing traditio.al techniques to.winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) o. maize (Zea mays L.) gro.n in the fields o. Fluvo.aquic soil was investigated using 15N tracer-micro.p.o. technique. Results sho. that:(1) at maturity o. wheat, N reco.ery in p.ants and N lo.ses o. urea and ABC ap.lied at seeding in autumn were 3.-3.%, and 3.-46%, resp.ctively, while the co.resp.nding figures fo. side-banding at 10 cm dep.h in early sp.ing were 51-57%, and 5-12%; surface-bro.dcast o. urea fo.lo.ed by irrigatio. at early sp.ing was as efficient as the side-banding in imp.o.ing N reco.ery in p.ants and reducing N lo.s, ho.ever, such technique was fo.nd less satisfacto.y with ABC. (2) At the maturity o. maize, N reco.ery in the p.ants and N lo.s o. urea and ABC sidebanded at seedling stage o. p.io. to.tasseling ranged fro. 23. to.57%, and 9% to.26%, resp.ctively. (3. Either in Wheat o. in maize exp.riment, the majo.ity o. residual fertilizer N in soil p.o.ile (0-60 cm) was in the fo.m o. bio.o.ically immo.ilized o.ganic N, ho.ever, the co.tributio. o. ammo.ium fixatio. by clay minerals increased markedly with dep.h in soil p.o.ile. (4) Tho.gh the p.o.0}rtio. o. residual fertilizer N was generally highest in the to.0}20 cm soil layer, co.siderable reaidual N (mo.tly 6-11 % o. the N ap.lied) was fo.nd in 60-100 cm soil layers.

关键词： ammo.ium bicarbo.ate fate o. fertilizer N urea maize wheat