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Effect of Graded Levels of Fiber from Alfalfa Meal on Nutrient Digestibility and Flow of Fattening Pigs

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第8期13卷 1746-1752页

作者： CHEN Liang GAO Li-xiang zhang hong-fu State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The fiber level and composition have an important effect on nutrient digestibility of swine diets. Little information is known about the effects of fiber level and composition from alfalfa meal on nutrient digestibility of fattening pigs fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of alfalfa fiber on the growth performance, intestinal nutrient flow and apparent total tract digestibility（ATTD） of nutrients in fattening pigs. 24 barrows（Duroc×（Large White×Landrace）, body weight=（60.6±0.7） kg） were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replicates of 1 pig per replicate. The pigs were provided a control diet or a diet containing 5, 10 or 20% of alfalfa meal during a 14-d experiment period. Average daily gain（ADG） and the ATTD of dry matter（DM）, organic matter（OM）, crude protein（CP）, neutral detergent fiber（NDF）, acid detergent fiber（ADF） and gross energy（GE） reduced linearly as the level of alfalfa meal in the diet increased（P〈0.01）. The total tract flow of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and GE increased with the increase in dietary alfalfa（linear, P〈0.05）. Growth performance and nutrient digestion were not affected by inclusion of 5% alfalfa meal in the diet（P〉0.05）. A multiple linear regression analysis, taking into account both soluble and insoluble fiber intake, explained approximately 70% of the variation in the ATTD of DM, OM, NDF, and GE（P〈0.01）. In conclusion, alfalfa meal should be limited to less than 5% of the diet in fattening pigs to maximize growth performance and nutrient digestion. Soluble and insoluble fiber from alfalfa meal has the differential roles in nutrient digestion, which may help explain the main variation observed in nutrient digestibility. These findings suggest that knowledge of specific fiber components is necessary to accurately predict the effects of dietary fiber on nutrient digestibility.

关键词： alfalfa digestibility fiber flow nutrient pig

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Development of PLC-based Tension Control System

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2007年第3期20卷 266-271页

作者： REN Sheng-le LU Hua WANG Yong-zhang fu hong-ya Department of Mechanical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China

Fiber winding tension is an important factor in the molding techniques of composite material which influences the quality of winding product directly, and the tension control is a key technique in fiber winding techniques. This paper introduces a closed-loop tension control system with the programmable logic controller （PLC） with function modules as its control kernel, the alternating current （AC） servo motor as execute element and the radius-following device to accomplish the real-time radius compensation. The mechanism of the tension control system is analyzed and the numerical model is set up. The compensation technique of the radius of the scroll is analyzed. Experimental results show that the system is well qualified with high control precision and high reaction speed.

关键词： tension control PLC numerical control winding machine AC digital servo motor

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Synthesis of Acrylate Microemulsion Modified by Alkoxy Silane

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2008年第2期23卷 212-217页

作者： SUN Zhijuan zhang Xinya HUANG hong fu Heqing CHEN Huanqin Research Institute of Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China

An acrylate emulsion was modified by adding vinyltriisopropoxy silane （trade name C-1706）. By adding the multiple emulsifier which consists of an anionic emulsifier, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate （SDBS） and nonionic emulsifier, octyl phenolic divinyl oxide （OP-10）, the acrylosilane microemulsion was synthesized by seeded emulsion polymerization. The influential factors including the kind and the adding amount of emulsifiers and the monomer variety of alkoxy silane and the added methods which influence on the properties of the microemulsion were investigated. It is found that SDBS and OP-10 as multiple emulsifiers with mass ratio of 1：1 and the adding amount of 2.5%-3.5% can act on co-effect for emulsion polymerization. The C-1706 possesses bulky isopropoxy substituent that can reduce hydrolysis reactivity during the polymerization process, so as to not only make the process smoothly but also advance the store stability of the emulsion. Moreover, the latter-addition mode of C-1706 can restrain its hydrolysis activity and polycondensation reaction during the polymerization process of the emulsion. The structure, the film cross section, the particle size and its distribution of the microemulsion were analyzed by the Fourier Transform Infrared Ray Spectrum （FTIR）, Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM） and a particle size analyzer, respectively. The results show that the particle diameter of the modified microemulsion can be controlled between 50 and 70 nm and its film hardness is 7.3. Only adding 1.5% of C-1706 into the system of emulsion polymerization can apparently improve the weathering resistance of the microemulsion, which undergo degradation with chromatism（△E） is 1.6 after 3 600 hours of QUV-aging.

关键词： alkoxy silane acrylosilane microemulsion modification properties

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Development of a PC-based Open Architecture Software-CNC System

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2007年第3期20卷 272-281页

作者： MA Xiong-bo HAN Zhen-yu WANG Yong-zhang fu hong-ya School of Electromechanical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China

As a key te..hnology in the field of advanced manufacturing, an open architecture controller is studied. In order to develop an open architecture software-CNC system on personal computer （PC） according to open modular architecture controllers （OMAC）. First, the software and hardware platform is chosen and software realization methodology for the CNC system is determined. Second, static modeling methods of an open architecture controller inclusive of object-oriented （OO） programming technology, dynamic link library （DLL） technology and system modules partition are investigated. Third, the dynamical behavioral modeling and the data flow representation of open architecture controller are discussed, which are both described in hierarchy fmite state machine （FSM） model. Fourth, a reusable software module model is established to develop software function module library. Finally, a 3-axis milling machine tool test-bed, named for HIT-CNC, is successfully designed by means of the constructed software function module library and the system configuring method. The experimental results show that, besides increasing the degree of reusability and openness, application of above-mentioned method- ology leads to significant decrease of development time as well as maintenance cost.

关键词： open architecture controller PC soflware-CNC behavioral model OMAC machine tool

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Alginate oligosaccharides preparation, biological activities and their application in livestock and poultry

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第1期20卷 24-34页

作者： LIU Ming LIU Lei zhang hong-fu YI Bao Nadia EVERAERT State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193P.R.China Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit Gembloux Agro-BioTechUniversity of LiegeGembloux 5030Belgium Beijing China-Agri hong Ke Bio-Technology Co. Ltd.Beijing 102206P.R.China

Alginate oligosaccharides(AOS), belonging to the class of functional marine oligosaccharides, are low-molecular polymers linked by β-1,4-mannuronic acid(M) and α-1,4-guluronic acid(G), which could be classically obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of alginate. With low viscosity and good water solubility, as well as anti-oxidant, immune regulation, anti-bacterial and antiinflammatory activities, AOS have been widely used in medical science and functional food, green agriculture and other fields. As new bio-feed additives, AOS have broad potential applications in animal husbandry. In this review, the sources of alginate, chemical structure and preparation methods of AOS, and their biological activities and application in livestock and poultry are summarized. We expect this review could contribute to lay a foundation of application and further research for AOS in livestock and poultry.

关键词： alginate oligosaccharides preparation anti-oxidant immune livestock and poultry

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Regulatory effects of dietary L-Arg supplementation on the innate immunity and antioxidant ability in broiler chickens

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第11期15卷 2578-2587页

作者： HU Ya-di TAN Jian-zhuang QI Ji zhang hong-fu State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Here, we investigated the effect of dietary arginine（Arg） supplementation on innate immunity and the antioxidant ability of broiler chickens. The experiment was designed as a single-factorial arrangement（n=8 cages/treatment, six birds/cage）, and we used four dietary Arg concentrations（10.0, 15.0, 20.0 or 25.0 g kg–1）. On day 21, the birds were killed to obtain spleen, cecal tonsil and liver samples to determine the gene expression and antioxidant characteristics. Increasing the Arg concentration linearly decreased（P0.05） the m RNA expression of splenic interleukin-18（IL-18） and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）. Dietary Arg supplementation quadratically decreased（P0.05） the expression of interleukin-1b（IL-1b） and interferon-γ（IFN-γ） m RNA in the spleen. Increasing Arg concentrations linearly and quadratically reduced the expression of IL-18 m RNA in the spleen. Meanwhile, increasing dietary Arg supplementation linearly and quadratically increased the lymphotactin m RNA（P0.05） expression, and linearly increased the macrophage inflammatory protein-1β（MIP-1β） and toll-like receptor 15（TLR15） m RNA expression in the cecal tonsils. Dietary Arg supplementation linearly（P0.05） increased the glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px）, catalase（CAT）, and lysozyme（LZM） activities in the liver. However, the malondialdehyde（MDA） activity in the liver was not influenced by the dietary Arg concentration（P0.05）. No significant（P0.05） effect was found on the activity of superoxide dismutase（SOD） in the liver. Thus high levels of Arg supplementation（20.0 g kg^（–1）） may potentially suppress the innate immunity of broiler chickens, and dietary Arg supplementation enhances the antioxidant activity in broiler chickens.

关键词： arginine innate immunity antioxidant ability broiler

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Effects of relative humidity on animal health and welfare

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第8期16卷 1653-1658页

作者： XIONG Yan MENG Qing-shi GAO Jie TANG Xiang-fang zhang hong-fu State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193P.R.China

Farm animals are sources of meat, milk and eggs for the humans, and animal health ensures the quality and security of these agricultural and sideline products. The animal raising conditions in livestock stations and poultry houses play vital roles in both animal health and production. One of the major factors affecting raising conditions, relative humidity, has not received much attention even though it is important for animal husbandry. In this review, we summarize the impacts of relative humidity on animal health and welfare to draw attention for its importance in the improvement of animal raising conditions in the future.

关键词： relative humidity animal health welfare

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Effect of graded levels of fiber from alfalfa meal on apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids of growing pigs

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第12期14卷 2598-2604页

作者： CHEN Liang GAO Li-xiang LIU Li DING Ze-ming zhang hong-fu State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology Ministry of AgricultureFeed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of fiber level from alfalfa meal and sampling time on the apparent ileal digestibility（AID） and standardized ileal digestibility（SID） of amino acids（AA） in growing pigs. A total of 24 ileal-cannulated pigs（Duroc×（Large White×Landrace） with body weight（21.4±1.5） kg） were randomly allotted to 4 treatments. The pigs were provided a corn-soybean meal diet or a diet containing 5, 10 or 20% of alfalfa meal during two 10-d experimental periods. The AID of AA was measured. Six ileal-cannulated pigs were fed a protein-free diet in order to estimate the endogenous protein losses and SID of AA. Ileal AA digestibility was not affected by inclusion of 5 or 10% alfalfa meal in the diet（P〉0.05）. The AID of His, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Val, Ala, Asp, Cys, Gly, Pro, Ser and Tyr reduced by 2.0–6.8% with the addition level of alfalfa meal（linear, P〈0.05）. The SID of His, Lys, Ser, Thr and Tyr decreased by 2.2–4.3% as the level of alfalfa meal in the diet increased（linear, P〈0.05）. The AID and SID of AA were not affected by the sampling time（P〉0.05）. A multiple linear regression analysis, taking into account both the soluble and insoluble fiber content in the diets, explained more than 36% of variation in SID of Ser and Thr（P〈0.05）. In conclusion, the corn-soybean meal diet containing 10% of alfalfa meal did not affect ileal AA digestion. The AID and SID of AA were similar between two sampling times. Increasing the concentration of total dietary fiber from 12.3 to 21.4% by adding graded levels of alfalfa meal（0–20%） to a corn-soybean meal control diet induced a linear reduction in AID and SID of most AA. Soluble and insoluble fibers from alfalfa meal have differential roles in the AA digestion, which may help explain the variation observed in the SID of partial AA. These findings would provide important information for dietary fiber level and composition related to AA digestion.

关键词： alfalfa amino acid dietary fiber digestibility pig

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Comparative proteomics analysis of pomegranate seeds on fruit maturation period(Punica granatum L.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第12期14卷 2558-2564页

作者： CAO Shang-yin NIU Juan CAO Da LI Hao-xian XUE Hui CHEN Li-na zhang fu-hong ZHAO Di-guang Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences School of Biosciences Faculty of Science The University of Melbourne

Seeds play a central role in the life cycle of plants. Seed hardness in pomegranates is of economic relevance, yet scarcely studied and poorly understood in China. In this study, we compared the proteomic differences between Zhongnonghong（soft-seeded） and Sanbai（hard-seeded） pomegranates. A total of 892 protein spots from both varieties were detected on two-dimensional electrophoresis gels（2-DE）; 76 spots showed greater than a 1.5-fold or less than a 0.66-fold difference（P〈0.05） in Zhongnonghong compared to Sanbai, of which 24 exhibited greater than a 2-fold change. Compared with Sanbai, Zhongnonghong possessed 14 up-regulated, and 10 down-regulated proteins. We identified and annotated 5 of these by using MALDI-TOF-TOF MS： pyruvate dehydrogenase（PDH） E1-β family protein（spot 4 609）; alanine aminotransferase 2-like（ALT2L）; mitochondrial glycine decarboxylase complex P-protein（spot 5 803）; phosphofructokinase B（Pfk B）-type family of carbohydrate kinase（spot 8 411）; and putative dna K-type molecular chaperone heat shock cognate protein 70（Hsc70）（spot 9 006）. Of these, 3 proteins（spots 4 609, 5 608, 5 803） were hypothesized to play a role in the formation of seed hardness. The other two proteins（spots 8 411, 9 006） were theorized to play a role in protecting the seeds from adverse stress during periods of fruit maturation. This study sets the foundation for further research on molecular mechanisms related to pomegranate seed hardness.

关键词： pomegranates soft-seeded hard-seeded proteomics

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Effects of ground-level ozone (O_3) pollution on the yields of rice and winter wheat in the Yangtze River Delta

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第3期15卷 360-362页

作者： FENG Zong-wei, JIN Ming-hong, zhang fu-zhu, HUANG Yi-zong (Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing\ 100085, China.) Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10085 Chin

Effects of elevated O_3 on the yields of rice and winter wheat were studied by using open-top chambers(OTCs). Results showed that compared to the control treatment, 200 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb treatments caused a 80.4%, 58.6% and 10.5% decrease in grain yields per winter wheat plant and a 49.1%, 26.1% and 8.2% decrease in grain yield per rice plant, respectively. According to the dose-response relation educed from OTCs experiment and the monitor data of O_3 concentrations in spots, it was estimated that the yield losses of rice and winter wheat resulted by O_3 pollution in the Yangtze River Delta region in 1999 were 0.599 million ton and 0.669 million ton, economic losses were 0.539 billion RMB Yuan and 0.936 billion RMB Yuan, respectively.

关键词： rice winter wheat O_3 Yangtze River Delta

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