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High-resolution Moho depth and V_(p)/V_(s) ratio distributions in northeast China from joint inversion of receiver functions and gravity data and their geological implications

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第7期66卷 1569-1582页

作者： Aowei HAO haijiang zhang Shoucheng HAN Wenliang XU School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Anhui Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory Mengcheng 233527China Xi’an Mineral Resources Survey Center of China Geology Survey Xi’an 710100China College of Earth Sciences Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061China

In this study,high-resolution Moho depth and average crustal V_(p)/V_(s) ratio distributions in northeast China were obtained through joint inversion of receiver functions and gravity *** new joint inversion method comprehensively considers the complementary imaging strengths of the receiver functions in the vertical direction and the gravity data in the lateral *** a certain extent,it can reduce the adverse effects of the receiver function data caused by the sedimentary layers of the basin,the inclination of the Moho,and the structure heterogeneity below the *** preprocessing the receiver function data,a regularized virtual station network was constructed using the teleseismic receiver function waveform reconstruction method to improve the overall spatial *** filter the gravity data,the velocity structure-guided gravity filtering method and gravity upward continuation were used for the shallower region above the Moho and the deeper region below the lithosphere,*** newly obtained model shows that the Moho depths of the Hailar Basin,Erlian Basin,Sanjiang Basin,and Bohai Bay Basin are slightly shallower than those of the surrounding areas,while the Moho depths of the Greater Xing’an Range,Lesser Xing’an Range,and zhangguangcai Range are slightly *** with previous results,the refined Moho depth distribution obtained in this study has a better correspondence with topographic relief and basin boundaries,and the contrast is more evident across the north-south gravity gradient lineament(NSGL).In the eastern part of the Songliao Basin,the Moho is relatively shallow,and there is a high V_(p)/V_(s) ratio,which may have been caused by the intrusion of hot mantle materials into the crust induced by lateral extension of the Songliao *** high V_(p)/V_(s) ratio of the crust below the Changbaishan volcanic area implies the existence of partial melting in the crust caused by upwelling hot mantle materials.

关键词： Receiver functions Gravity Moho depth Vp/Vs ratio Northeast China

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Support principles of NPR bolt/cable and control techniques of large-deformation disasters

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2016年第6期26卷 967-973页

作者： Tao Zhigang zhang haijiang Chen Yifan Jiang Chaochao State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyBeijing 100083China School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyBeijing 100083China

Deep mining has been paid much more attention because of the depletion of shallow mining *** bolts could be invalid to accommodate large displacement and deformation in ***, alternative support and reinforcement bolts need to be studied and their constitutive models also need to be developed to help understanding for the complex stress-strain responses of rock masses under loadings. The effect of Negative Poisson's Ratio(NPR) that is attributed to the swelling phenomenon along the lateral direction may appear in metal materials under tensional loadings. Thence NPR materials often have an advantage over NPR ones in mechanical behavior such as impact resistance, antishearing, and energy absorbed. From the characteristics of NPR materials, a series of bolt and cable supports with the effect of NPR and constant-resistance have been recently developed. We here firstly introduce the structural features of NPR support. Then the constitutive model of NPR support is presented and its corresponding equation of energy equilibrium. Its basic principle interacted on rock masses is further discussed. Finally, NPR cables are employed to support the slope of an open-pit mine. The applications show that NPR cables can ease failure within the slope and play an important role in predicting and providing early warning of slope failure, together with a monitoring system of slope stability.

关键词： Negative Poisson's Ratio (NPR)Large-deformation related disaster Constitutive relationship Landslide prediction

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Development of a new high resolution waveform migration location method and its applications to induced seismicity

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2021年第6期5卷 520-531页

作者： SiYu Miao haijiang zhang YuYang Tan Ye Lin Laboratory of Seismology and Earth’s Interior School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques MOE Institute for Advanced Ocean StudyOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266100China

Locating seismic events is a central task for earthquake *** to arrival-based location methods,waveformbased location methods do not require picking phase arrivals and are more suitable for locating seismic events with noisy *** waveform-based location methods,one approach is to stack different attributes of P and S waveforms around arrival times corresponding to potential event locations and origin times,and the maximum stacking values are assumed to indicate the correct event location and origin *** this study,to obtain a high-resolution location image,we improve the waveform-based location method by applying a hybrid multiplicative imaging condition to characteristic functions of seismic *** our new stacking method,stations are divided into groups;characteristic functions of seismic waveforms recorded at stations in the same group are summed,and then multiplied among *** find that this approach can largely eliminate the cumulative effects of noise in the summation process and thus improve the resolution of location *** test the new method and compare it to three other stacking methods,using both synthetic and real datasets that are related to induced seismicity occurring in petroleum/gas *** test results confirm that the new stacking method can provide higher-resolution location images than those derived from currently used methods.

关键词： induced earthquake seismic location seismic monitoring

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Physical model test study on shear strength characteristics of slope sliding surface in Nanfen open-pit mine

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第3期30卷 421-429页

作者： Zhigang Tao Yu Shu Xiaojie Yang Yanyan Peng Qihang Chen haijiang zhang School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and Technology-BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and Technology-BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Civil Engineering Shaoxing UniversityShaoxing 312000China Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards of Zhejiang Province Shaoxing 312000China Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Mountain Geologic Hazards Shaoxing 312000China

A physical model for the footwall slope of Nanfen open-pit mine, China was established using a selfdeveloped deep geological engineering disaster model test system. A thermosensitive similar material,paraffin, was selected to simulate a weak structural plane in the slope to reproduce the landslide *** an experimental perspective, the variation trend of shear strength parameters of weak structural plane and the mechanical support characteristics of NPR(negative Poisson’s ratio) anchor cable under the condition of a large landslide deformation and failure were examined. The results of this model test showed that slope failure has four distinct stages:(1) soil compaction stage,(2) crack generation stage,(3) crack propagation stage, and(4) sliding plane transfixion stage. According to the test results, the rock mechanics parameters of weak surface in the footwall slope of Nanfen open-pit mine were *** cohesion is approximately 1.35×10~5 Pa, and the internal friction angle is approximately 6.33°.During slope failure, the NPR anchor cable experiences a large deformation but no damage occurs, indicating that the NPR anchor cable can be continuously monitored and reinforced during the deformation and failure of landslide. The stress characteristics of NPR anchor cables during the test are consistent with the monitoring results of Newtonian force at the landslide site, proving that NPR anchor cables are effective and reasonable in landslide monitoring and early warning.

关键词： Landslide Slope stability Structural plane Model test NPR anchor cable

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Frequency-dependent rupture process,stress change,and seismogenic mechanism of the 25 April 2015 Nepal Gorkha M_w 7.8 earthquake

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第4期60卷 796-808页

作者： YIN JiuXun YAO HuaJian YANG HongFeng LIU Jing QIN WeiZe zhang haijiang Laboratory of Seismology and Physics of Earth 's Interior & School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Earth System Science Programme Faculty of Science Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin NT Hong Kong 999077 China National Geophysical Observatory at Mengcheng University of Science and Technology of China Mengcheng 233500 China State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China

On 25 April 2015,an M_w 7.8 earthquake occurred on the Main Himalaya Thrust fault with a dip angle of^7° about77 km northwest of Kathmandu,*** Nepal Gorkha event is the largest one on the Himalayan thrust belt since *** we use the compressive sensing method in the frequency domain to track the seismic radiation and rupture process of this event using teleseismic P waves recorded by array stations in North *** also compute the distribution of static shear stress changes on the fault plane from a coseismic slip *** results indicate a dominant east-southeastward unilateral rupture process from the epicenter with an average rupture speed of ~3 km s^(-1).Coseismic radiation of this earthquake shows clear frequency-dependent *** lower frequency(0.05-0.3 Hz) radiation mainly originates from large coseismic slip regions with negative coseismic shear stress *** comparison,higher frequency(0.3-0.6 Hz) radiation appears to be from the down-dip part around the margin of large slip areas,which has been loaded and presents positive coseismic shear stress *** propose an asperity model to interpret this Nepal earthquake sequence and compare the frequency-dependent coseismic radiation with that in subduction *** frequency-dependent radiation indicates the depth-varying frictional properties on the plate interface of the Nepal section in the main Himalaya thrust system,similar to previous findings in oceanic subduction *** findings provide further evidence of the spatial correlation between changes of static stress status on the fault plane and the observed frequency-dependent coseismic radiation during large *** results show that the frequency-dependent coseismic radiation is not only found for megathrust earthquakes in the oceanic subduction environment,but also holds true for thrust events in the continental collision zone.

关键词： Pg wave Tomography Crust Velocity Anisotropy Volcano

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Fault detection by reflected surface waves based on ambient noise interferometry

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Earthquake Research Advances 2021年第4期1卷 22-27页

作者： Ning Gu haijiang zhang Nori Nakata Ji Gao School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026AnhuiChina Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026AnhuiChina Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139United States

Detecting subsurface fault structure is important for evaluating potential earthquake risks associated with active *** this study,we propose a new method to detect faults using reflected surface waves observed in ambient noise cross correlation *** noise tomography using direct surface waves obtained from ambient noise interferometry has been widely used to characterize active fault *** cases where a strong velocity contrast exists across the fault interface,fault-reflected surface waves are *** test this idea using a linear array deployed in the Suqian segment of Tanlu fault zone in Eastern *** fault-reflected surface waves can be clearly seen in the cross-correlation functions of the ambient noise data,and the spatial position of the fault on the surface is close to the stations where the reflected signals first *** reflected surface waves could also be used to infer the dip angle,fault zone thickness and the degree of velocity contrast across the fault by comparing synthetic and observed waveforms.

关键词： Fault detection Ambient noise Cross-correlation functions Reflected surface wave Tanlu fault zone

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Seismic imaging of the double seismic zone in the subducting slab in Northern Chile

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Earthquake Research Advances 2021年第1期1卷 25-33页

作者： Pan Lu haijiang zhang Lei Gao Diana Comte Laboratory of Seismology and Physics of Earth's Interior School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China Departamento de Geofísica Advanced Mining Technology CenterFacultad de Ciencias Físicas y MatematicasUniversidad de ChileBlanco Encalada2002SantiagoChile

Double seismic zones are commonly observed in the subducting slabs in a global scale,serving as ideal examples for studying the seismogenetic mechanism of the intermediate-depth *** this study,we relocate earthquakes and determine seismic velocity models using the double-difference seismic tomography method in the northern Chile subduction zone where a double seismic zone *** results suggest that the double seismic zone in northern Chile is located at about 50-140 km depth,with an interval of approximately 20 km between the two *** upper seismic zone is characterized by relatively low Vp(~7.8-8.0 km/s),low Vs(~4.4-4.5 km/s)and high Vp/Vs(~1.85)above the depth of~90 km,while the region below~90 km is distinguished by relatively high Vp(~8.2 km/s),high Vs(~4.8 km/s)and slightly high Vp/Vs(~1.75),which may be related to a series of dehydration reactions of hydrous minerals in the subducted oceanic *** comparison,the lower seismic zone is featured by the anomaly of low Vp/Vs(~1.7),although some local areas may consist of relatively high Vp/Vs values(~1.8),possibly due to the dehydration reaction of *** on the Vp,Vs,Vp/Vs anomalies combined with previous petrological experiments and thermodynamic models,it can be derived that intermediate-depth earthquakes are mainly related to the dehydration of various hydrous minerals in the subducting *** dehydration process of hydrous minerals releases water into the subducting slab and subsequently leads to the increase of pore fluid pressure and the decrease of effective normal stress,thus causing the occurrence of brittle failure and intermediate-depth earthquakes in subduction *** imaging results of the northern Chile subduction zone further indicate that the existence of the double seismic zone is related to the dehydration process of different hydrous minerals.

关键词： Chile subduction Zone Double difference seismic tomography Double seismic zone Dehydration embrittlement

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Establishment and application of an intelligent treating method for oil spill identification

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2018年第11期37卷 116-122页

作者： TAN Liju ZHAO Ruxiang YIN Xiaonan zhang haijiang WANG Jiangtao College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Yantai Oil Spill Response Technical Center of Yantai Maritime Safety Administration Yantai 264000China

In the identifying process of an oil spill accident, manual integral and artificial visual comparison are commonly used at present to determine the oil spill sources, these methods are time-consuming and easily affected by human factors. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve the purpose of rapid identification of an oil spill accident. In this paper, an intelligent method of automatic recognition, integration and calculation of diagnostic ratio of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer （GC/MS） spectrum are established. Firstly, four hundreds of samples collected around the world were analyzed using a standard method and Retention time locking technology （RTL） was applied to reduce the change of retention time of GC/MS spectrum. Secondly, the automatic identification, integration of n-alkanes, biomarker compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and calculation of the diagnostic ratios were realized by MATLAB software. Finally, a database of oil fingerprints were established and applied successfully in a spill oil accident. Based on the new method and database, we could acquire the diagnostic ratios of an oil sample and find out the suspected oil within a few minutes. This method and database can improve the efficiency in spilled oil identification.

关键词： oil fingerprint automatic identification diagnostic ratio standardized database oil spills sources

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The oasis expansion and eco-environment change over the last 50 years in Manas River Valley, Xinjiang

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第2期49卷 163-175页

作者： CHENG Weiming ZHOU Chenghu LIU haijiang zhang Yang JIANG Yan zhang Yichi YAO Yonghui State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

The oasis expansion and economic development of the Manas River Valley is one of the most successful examples in Xinjiang. In this paper, the oasis spatial distribution pattern and dynamic change were examined using imageries of Landsat MSS, TM and ETM, land use and topographic maps in six different periods (such as 1949, 1962, 1976, 1989, 1999 and 2001) over the last 50 years in the valley. The oasis expansion process could be divided into two stages according to the annual rate of oasis area increase, the fast oasization stage (from 1949 to 1976) when the oasis area ex-panded from 156.385 km2 in 1949 to 3,639.491 km2 in 1976 because of rapidly increased population and quickly enlarged farmland area; and the urbanization stage (from 1976 to 2001) when the ex-pansion ratio of farmland slowed down, and the urbanization process quickened, the total oasis area reached 5042.440 km2 in 2001. With the continuous expansion of oasis and farmland, a large quantity of river water was drawn into irrigation ditch and plain lakes, so only a small quantity of river water could flow into lakes, as a result, the Manas Lake dried up, salization and basification problems happened in the low-lying oasis region. The natural swamp around the lake was shrunk greatly and biodiversity decreased significantly. The driving force analysis reveals that human activities, such as reclamation and population growth, played a major role in the oasis expansion and ecological dete-rioration in the Manas River Valley. So further efforts should be made to improve the efficiency of water resource utility and adjust layout of the regional agricultural and animal husbandry to keep the sustainable development of oasis economic belt of the northern slope of Tianshan Mts.

关键词： Manas River Valley, oasization, urbanization, salinization and basification, remote sensing (RS).

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The high-resolution community velocity model V2.0 of southwest China,constructed by joint body and surface wave tomography of data recorded at temporary dense arrays

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第10期66卷 2368-2385页

作者： Ying LIU Ziye YU Zhiqi zhang Huajian YAO Weitao WANG haijiang zhang Hongjian FANG Lihua FANG Laboratory of Seismology and Physics of Earth’s Interior School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing100081China Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory Mengcheng233500China CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Mengcheng233500China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai519080China

The Sichuan-Yunnan area is located at the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,where tectonic movement is strong with deep and large faults distributed in a staggered manner,which results in strong seismic activities and severe earthquake *** the 21st century,several earthquakes of magnitude 7.0 or above occurred in this region,which have caused huge casualties and economic losses,especially the 2008 M_(s)8.0 Wenchuan *** present,earthquake monitoring and source parameter inversion,strong earthquake hazard analysis and disaster assessment are still the focus of seismological researches in the Sichuan-Yunnan *** high-precision 3D community velocity models are fundamental for these *** this paper,by assembling seismic observations at permanent seismic stations and several temporary dense seismic arrays in this region,we obtained about 7.06 million body wave travel time data(including absolute and differential travel times)using a newly developed artificial intelligence body wave arrival time picking method and about 100,000 Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion data in the period range of 5-50 s from ambient noise cross-correlation *** on this abundant dataset,we obtained the three-dimensional high resolution V_p and V_(s)model in the crust and uppermost mantle of southwest(SW)China by adopting the joint body and surface wave travel time tomography method considering the topography effect starting from the first version of community velocity model in SW China(SWChina CVM-1.0).Compared to SWChina CVM-1.0,this newly determined velocity model has higher resolution and better data *** is accepted by the China Seismic Experimental Site as the second version of the community velocity model in SW China(SWChina CVM-2.0).The new model shows strong lateral heterogeneities in the shallow *** disconnected low velocity zones are observed in the middle to lower crust,which is located in the Songpan-Ganzi block

关键词： Southwest China Joint tomography Community velocity model Seismic activity Fault zone

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