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In situ construction of Cu(Ⅰ)-Cu(Ⅱ) pairs for efficient electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction to ammonia

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 106-113页

作者： Muyun Zheng Yuchi Wan Leping Yang Shen ao Wangyang Fu Zhengjun zhang Zheng-Hong Huang Tao ling Feiyu Kang Ruitao Lv State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of New Energy Materials and Engineering School of Materials Science and EngineeringFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108FujianChina Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials(MOE) School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory for Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO_(3)-RR) to ammonia under ambient conditions is expected to be a green process for ammonia synthesis and alleviate water pollution *** report a CuO nanoparticles incorporated on nitrogen-doped porous carbon (CuO@NC) catalyst for NO_(3)-*** of Cu(Ⅱ) is reduced to Cu(Ⅰ) during the NO_(3)-RR process to construct Cu(Ⅰ)-Cu(Ⅱ) pairs,confirmed by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman *** functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that the formation of Cu(Ⅰ) could provide a reaction path with smaller energy barrier for NO_(3)-RR,while Cu(Ⅱ) effectively suppressed the competition of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).As a result,CuO@NC catalyst achieved a Faradaic efficiency of 84.2% at -0.49 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE),and a NH_(3)yield rate of 17.2 mg h^(-1)mg^(-1)*** -0.79 V ***,higher than the HaberBosch process (<3.4 g h^(-1)g^(-1)cat.).This work may open a new avenue for effective NO_(3)-RR by modulating oxidation states.

关键词： Ammonia synthesis Cu oxidation state Electrochemistry Nitrate reduction In situ XPS

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Propagating subduction initiation of the Caroline Plate at the Mussau Trench

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 253-269页

作者： Chun-Feng li Yongkang DENG Tao WU Dongdong DONG Guoliang zhang Jiazheng zhang Yutao liU Yaqing li Fugui TANG Lulu zhang Department of Marine Sciences Zhejiang UniversityZhoushan316021China Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao266237China Key Lab of Marine Geology and Environment Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266071China Key Lab of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510301China Science&Technology on Integrated Information System Lab Institute of SoftwareChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China

New seismic imaging from the Mussau Trench confirms that,under horizontal compression on an oceanic plate boundary,it is within the young and weak oceanic plate that a trench will develop,and it is the young plate,not so long after its birth,that starts to subduct toward the old *** Mesozoic Pacific Plate cannot easily bend,under the joint horizontal compression and vertical gravity pull,even with a pre-existing weak zone in place and with a large age offset across the plate *** bending of the Caroline Plate near the northern end of the Mussau Trench started only after a long-time span of trench migration,and/or after a prolonged transition from initial compression to trench *** contrasting trench deformation and sedimentary accretion between two parallel seismic sections support an evident migration of underthrusting or significant longitudinal heterogeneity along the *** swift transition from underthrusting to non-thrusting can be explained by a counter-clockwise rotation of the Caroline *** miniature accretionary wedges develop even before the subduction initiates imply strong compression and uplifting before the underthrusting can *** of the Caroline Plate have been halted as the Mussau Trench is seismically rather quiet and the Lyra Trough to the east shows relaxational extension.

关键词： Mussau Trench Subduction initiation Seismic reflection Caroline Plate

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Tuning up of chromism,luminescence in cadmium-viologen complexes through polymorphism strategy:Inkless erasable printing application

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第1期36卷 322-325页

作者： Yanting Yang Guorong Wang Kangjing li Wen Yang Jing zhang Jian zhang Shili li Xianming zhang Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules&Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceShanxi Normal UniversityTaiyuan 030032China School of Chemistry Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China

In our work,polymorphism strategy has been successfully applied to tune up chromism and luminescence properties of viologen-based *** polymorphs of viologen-based complexes ofα-CdBr_(2)(PHSQ)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)(1)andβ-CdBr_(2)(PHSQ)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)(2)(PHSQ=N-(4-sulfophenyl)-4,4-bipyridinium)were synthesized by changing the *** can both respond to UV light and electricity in the manner of chromism visible to the naked eye and the coloration states have good reversibility,through which an inkless erasable printing model has been *** the coloration contrast of 1 is higher compared to ***,they both exhibit photoluminescence properties and the intensity of 1 is twice that of 2,which is accompanied by photoquenching upon continuous UV light *** only divergence of disordered/ordered O atoms in the two crystalline compounds leads to significantly different chromic and luminescent *** explorations simultaneously demonstrate that the different chromic performance between 1 and 2 should attribute to the alteration of stimulus-induced(light/electricity)electron transfer channels caused by the ordered/disordered O atoms in the complexes,which is achieved through C-H···O and O-H···O interactions to change crystal arrangement and structural rigidity,thus affect luminescent properties.

关键词： Polymorphs Photochromism Electrochromism Photoluminescence

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Solitons in the Fifth-Order Kd V Equation with a Perturbation

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Chinese Physics Letters 2025年第1期42卷 10-14页

作者： Wentao li Yipu Chen Zhao zhang Xiangyu Yang Biao li School of Mathematics and Statistics Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China School of Mathematics and Statistics Lingnan Normal UniversityZhanjiang 524048China School of Mathematical Sciences Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

The fifth-order Kd V equation with a perturbation term is naturally consistent with the shallow-water wave *** this study,the leading-order asymptotic solution of the perturbed fifth-order Kd V equation was derived using the multi-scale perturbation expansion ***,the asymptotic solution was reconsidered from the perspective of conservation laws,and consistent results were *** addition,the numerical solution of the slowly varying solitary wave asymptotic solution was obtained using the Fourier spectral method under appropriate initial conditions to better understand its dynamic *** results enrich research on fluid dynamics.

关键词： dynamics. method. asymptotic

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3D Printed Chitosan Bioink Loaded with Chrysin for Repairing Bone Defects

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2025年第1期41卷 155-164页

作者： zhang Hao TANG Wenshuo SUI Xin li lingfeng zhang Hongpu li Yuran zhang Xueyi liU Zhihui WANG Bowei Hospital of Stomatology Jilin UniversityChangchun130021P.R.China Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling Changchun130021P.R.China The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun130041P.R.China

This study aimed to investigate the potential of chrysin(C)to induce osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)in ***(CS)was dissolved by repeated freeze-thawing of alkali/urea solutions,followed by co-printing of nano-hydroxyapatite(HAP)powders with different concentrations of C solutions(5,10,and 20µmol/L)compounded into CS *** rheological properties were modified with acetic acid/gelatin solution to construct C-CS-HAP(C-CS-H)composite scaffolds by extrusion printing *** characterization showed that the four groups of scaffolds had regularly interconnected porous structures with pore diameters of about 450–600µm,and the novel bioink exhibited shear-thinning properties,with the viscosity of the material decreasing in the shear rates range of 0.01–1000 s^(−1) and thus good *** osteogenic differentiation ability of BMSCs was confirmed by the CCK-8 test,alkaline phosphatase(ALP)test,Alizarin Red staining(ARS)test,osteogenesis-related genes OCN,ALP,Runx 2,and bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2)test,which showed a significant promotion of the osteogenic differentiation ability of BMSCs with the increase of the content of *** above results indicate the potential of C-CS-H composite scaffolds in osteogenesis.

关键词： Chrysin Chitosan Bioscaffold 3D printing Hydroxyapatite

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Boundary fluid constraints during electrochemical jet machining of large size emerging titanium alloy aerospace parts in gas–liquid flows:Experimental and numerical simulation

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第1期38卷 115-130页

作者： Yang liU Ningsong QU Hansong li Zhaoyang zhang School of Mechanical Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Helicopter Transmission Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China

Large size titanium alloy parts are widely used in ***,they are difficult to manufacture using mechanical cutting technology because of severe tool *** jet machining is a promising technology to achieve high efficiency,because it has high machining flexibility and no machining tool ***,reports on the macro electrochemical jet machining of large size titanium alloy parts are very scarce,because it is difficult to achieve effective constraint of the flow field in macro electrochemical jet *** addition,titanium alloy is very sensitive to fluctuation of the flow field,and a turbulent flow field would lead to serious stray *** paper reports a series of investigations of the electrochemical jet machining of titanium alloy *** on the flow analysis and experiments,the machining flow field was effectively ***6 titanium alloy part with a perimeter of one meter was *** machined surface was smooth with no obvious machining *** machining process was particularly stable with no obvious spark *** research provides a reference for the application of electrochemical jet machining technology to achieve large allowance material removal in the machining of large titanium alloy parts.

关键词： Electrochemical jet machining Titanium alloys Large size parts Flow simulation Turbulent flow

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Decision making module based on stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期68卷 198-205页

作者： Yifan Miao li Zhao Yajun zhang Zhe Yuan Center for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Institute for Nanoelectric Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Interdisciplinary Center for Theoretical Physics and Information Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

In biological neural systems,noise is ubiquitous but does not affect the correct decisions made in the complex cognitive ***-making in biological neural system is typically achieved by accumulating input information over a period of *** by recent developments in neurosciences,we design a decision-making module based on spintronic devices,utilizing superparamagnetic tunnel junctions as artificial *** feasibility of this decision-making module is verified through circuit *** a multi-layer perceptron as an example,the module significantly improves the accuracy of the perceptron in the handwritten digit recognition ***,the spintronic decision-making module offers advantages over the conventional pooling methods,such as adaptive decision time,high performance and the absence of analog-to-digital *** decision-making module is flexible to be integrated into artificial neural networks and provides a general yet effective solution to enhance performance against device noise.

关键词： neuromorphic computing spintronics magnetic tunnel junction neural networks

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Depression mechanism of sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite in the flotation separation of galena from sphalerite

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 335-345页

作者： Feng zhang Chenyang zhang linlin Wu Wei Sun Hongliang zhang Jianhua Chen Yong Pei Songjiang li Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Carbon Emission Reduction in Metal Resource Exploitation and Utilization Hunan International Joint Research Center for Efficient and Clean Utilization of Critical Metal Mineral ResourcesSchool of Minerals Processing and BioengineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing Beijing General Research Institute of Mining&MetallurgyBeijing 100160China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro&Nano Materials Interfaces Science College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China School of Resources Environment and MaterialsGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Department of Chemistry Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China China Railway Resource Group Co.Ltd Beijing 102300China

The depression mechanism of sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite in the flotation separation of galena from sphalerite still lacked in-depth ***,the depression mechanism of sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite in the flotation separation of galena from sphalerite was further systematically investigated with experiments and density functional theory(DFT)*** X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy(XPS)results,DFT calculation results,and frontier molecular orbital analysis indicated that sulfite ions were difficult to be adsorbed on sphalerite surface,suggesting that sulfite ions achieved depression effects on sphalerite through other non-adsorption ***,the oxygen content in the surface of sphalerite treated with sulfite ions in creased,which enhanced the hydrophilicity of the sphalerite and further increased the difference in hydrophilicity between sphalerite and ***,sulfite ions were chelated with lead ions to form PbSO_(3)in *** hydrophilic PbSO_(3)was more easily adsorbed on sphalerite than *** interaction between sulfite ions and lead ions could effectively inhibit the activation of *** addition the UV spectrum showed that after adding sulfite ions,the peak of perxanthate in the sphalerite treated xanthate solution was significantly stronger than that in the galena with xanthate solution,indicating that xanthate interacted more readily with sulfite ions and oxygen mo lecules within the sphalerite system,leading to the formation of ***,sulfite ions hardly depressed the flotation of ga lena and could promote the flotation of galena to some *** study deepened the understanding of the depression mechanism o sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite.

关键词： sphalerite galena sulfite ion density functional theory depression mechanism

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Plant Disease Detection Algorithm Based on Efficient Swin Transformer

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 3045-3068页

作者： Wei liu ao zhang School of Information Science and Engineering Shenyang Ligong UniversityShenyang110158China

Plant diseases present a significant threat to global agricultural productivity, endangering both crop yields and quality. Traditional detection methods largely rely on manual inspection, a process that is not only labor-intensive and time-consuming but also subject to subjective biases and dependent on operators’ expertise. Recent advancements in Transformer-based architectures have shown substantial progress in image classification tasks, particularly excelling in global feature extraction. However, despite their strong performance, the high computational complexity and large parameter requirements of Transformer models limit their practical application in plant disease detection. To address these constraints, this study proposes an optimized Efficient Swin Transformer specifically engineered to reduce computational complexity while enhancing classification accuracy. This model is an improvement over the Swin-T architecture, incorporating two pivotal modules: the Selective Token Generator and the Feature Fusion Aggregator. The Selective Token Generator minimizes the number of tokens processed, significantly increasing computational efficiency and facilitating multi-scale feature extraction. Concurrently, the Feature Fusion Aggregator adaptively integrates static and dynamic features, thereby enhancing the model’s ability to capture complex details within intricate environmental *** evaluations conducted on the PlantDoc dataset demonstrate the model’s superior classification performance, achieving a precision of 80.14% and a recall of 76.27%. Compared to the standard Swin-T model, the Efficient Swin Transformer achieves approximately 20.89% reduction in parameter size while improving precision by 4.29%. This study substantiates the potential of efficient token conversion techniques within Transformer architectures, presenting an effective and accurate solution for plant disease detection in the agricultural sector.

关键词： Plant disease detection computer vision Vision Transformer feature aggregation Swin Transformer

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A Second Tutorial Review of the Solar Power Curve:Applications in Energy Meteorology

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2025年第2期42卷 269-296页

作者： Dazhi YANG Bai liU Hao zhang Xiang’ao XIA Yanbo SHEN Martin János MAYER School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinHeilongjiang 150001China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Public Meteorological Service Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089China Department of Energy Engineering Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMüegyetem rkp.3H-1111 BudapestHungary

The fundamental scientific and engineering knowledge concerning the solar power curve,which maps solar irradiance and other auxiliary meteorological variables to photovoltaic output power,has been gathered and put forward in the preceding tutorial *** the many pages of that review,it was incomplete in the sense that it did not elaborate on the applications of this very important tool of solar energy ***,solar power curves are ubiquitously needed in a broad spectrum of solar forecasting and solar resource assessment ***,this tutorial review should continue from where it left off and present examples concerning the usage of solar power *** a nutshell,this tutorial review,together with the preceding one,should elucidate how surface shortwave radiation data,be they ground-based,satelliteretrieved,or model-output,are bridged to various power system operations via solar power curves.

关键词： review solar power curve model chain solar forecasting resource assessment

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