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我国水稻秸秆钾资源分布及其还田对土壤钾平衡的重要性

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植物营养与肥料学报 2022年第10期28卷 1745-1754页

作者：柴如山黄晶柳开楼张会民罗来超张朝春安徽农业大学资源与环境学院/农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室/自然资源部江淮耕地资源保护与生态修复重点实验室安徽合肥230036 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室北京100081 江西省红壤及种质资源研究所江西进贤331717

【目的】我国钾肥资源不足但秸秆资源丰富,有待科学高效循环利用。本研究估算了我国水稻秸秆钾养分的量和空间分布特征,为利用水稻秸秆还田保持土壤钾素平衡提供参考。【方法】本研究基于《中国农村统计年鉴》和其他文献资料数据,结合... 详细信息

【目的】我国钾肥资源不足但秸秆资源丰富,有待科学高效循环利用。本研究估算了我国水稻秸秆钾养分的量和空间分布特征,为利用水稻秸秆还田保持土壤钾素平衡提供参考。【方法】本研究基于《中国农村统计年鉴》和其他文献资料数据,结合草谷比法对我国各省份不同季别水稻秸秆钾资源量及还田情景下的土壤钾输入量进行测算。【结果】2019年我国水稻秸秆钾(K_(2)O)养分总产量为493.9万t,其中早稻、晚稻和中晚稻秸秆钾养分量的占比分别为13.1%、14.6%和72.4%。不同稻区的水稻秸秆钾资源量占总量的比例为:长江中游(33.4%)˃长江下游(21.7%)˃西南(15.3%)˃东北(13.1%)˃华南(12.8%)˃华北(3.7%)。早稻和晚稻秸秆钾养分主要源自湖南(25.2%和24.7%)、江西(23.8%和24.4%)、广东(18.6%和19.5%)及广西(17.2%和14.8%)。中晚稻秸秆钾养分资源在主产省区间的分布表现为:江苏(14.3%)˃黑龙江(12.9%)˃湖北(12.2%)˃四川(10.7%)˃安徽(10.5%)˃湖南(8.8%)。在双季稻主产省区湖南、江西、广东和广西,早稻秸秆还田可向土壤输入钾量分别为148.7、140.6、143.9和145.0 kg/hm^(2),早稻籽粒钾的携出量分别为25.6、24.2、24.8和25.0 kg/hm^(2);晚稻秸秆还田可向土壤输入钾量分别为153.4、145.3、146.3和131.1 kg/hm^(2),晚稻籽粒钾的携出量分别为30.3、28.7、28.9和25.9 kg/hm^(2);不施钾肥条件下,4个省区双季稻体系秸秆不还田的土壤钾素周年亏缺量分别为357.9、338.8、343.9和327.0 kg/hm^(2),秸秆还田后的土壤钾素周年亏缺量分别降至55.9、52.9、53.6和50.8 kg/hm^(2)。中晚稻主产区为东北、长江下游、长江中游和西南稻区,中晚稻秸秆钾养分资源量分别为125.8、203.8、201.1和189.0 kg/hm^(2),相应的籽粒钾携出量分别为32.6、29.4、29.0和27.3 kg/hm^(2),说明如果秸秆全部还田,可以提高土壤钾素盈余。【结论】我国70%以上的水稻秸秆钾养分资源来自于中晚稻,50%以上的水稻秸秆钾养分资源分布在长江中游和长江下游稻区。早稻和晚稻秸秆还田可以大大降低土壤钾素亏缺,而中晚稻秸秆全部还田则可以提升土壤钾素的年盈余量。

关键词：水稻秸秆草谷比法钾养分资源量秸秆还田钾输入量土壤钾表观平衡

From waste to wealth:Coal tar residue derived carbon materials as low-cost anodes for potassium-ion batteries

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 464-475页

作者： Zhonghua Lu Jun Shen Xin zhang Lingcong chao Liang Chen Ding zhang Tao Wei Shoudong Xu College of Chemical Engineering and Technology Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China College of Chemistry Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China School of Energy and Power Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China

Carbon materials are widely recognized as highly promising electrode materials for various energy storage system *** tar residues(CTR),as a type of carbon-rich solid waste with high value-added utilization,are crucially important for the development of a more sustainable *** this study,we employed a straightforward direct carbonization method within the temperature range of 700-1000℃to convert the worthless solid waste CTR into economically valuable carbon materials as anodes for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).The effect of carbonization temperature on the microstructure and the potassium ions storage properties of CTR-derived carbons(CTRCs)were systematically explored by structural and morphological characterization,alongside electrochemical performances *** on the co-regulation between the turbine layers,crystal structure,pore structure,functional groups,and electrical conductivity of CTR-derived carbon carbonized at 900℃(CTRC-900H),the electrode material with high reversible capacity of 265.6m Ah·g^(-1)at 50 m A·g^(-1),a desirable cycling stability with 93.8%capacity retention even after 100 cycles,and the remarkable rate performance for PIBs were ***,cyclic voltammetry(CV)at different scan rates and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT)have been employed to explore the potassium ions storage mechanism and electrochemical kinetics of *** indicate that the electrode behavior is predominantly governed by surface-induced capacitive processes,particularly under high current densities,with the potassium storage mechanism characterized by an“adsorption-weak intercalation”*** work highlights the potential of CTR-based carbon as a promising electrode material category suitable for high-performance PIBs electrodes,while also provides valuable insights into the new avenues for the high value-added utilization of CTR.

关键词： coal tar residue carbon materials anode potassium-ion batteries high value-added

Metabolic reprogramming: a new option for the treatment of spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1042-1057页

作者： Jiangjie Chen Jinyang Chen chao Yu Kaishun Xia Biao Yang Ronghao Wang Yi Li Kesi Shi Yuang zhang Haibin Xu Xuesong zhang Jingkai Wang Qixin Chen Chengzhen Liang Department of Orthopedics The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province HangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province HangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Qiandongnan Prefecture People’s Hospital KailiGuizhou ProvinceChina Department of Orthopedics Fourth Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina

Spinal cord injuries impose a notably economic burden on society,mainly because of the severe after-effects they *** the ongoing development of various therapies for spinal cord injuries,their effectiveness remains ***,a deeper understanding of metabolism has opened up a new therapeutic opportunity in the form of metabolic *** this review,we explore the metabolic changes that occur during spinal cord injuries,their consequences,and the therapeutic tools available for metabolic *** spinal cord metabolism is characterized by independent cellular metabolism and intercellular metabolic ***,spinal cord injury results in metabolic disorders that include disturbances in glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,and mitochondrial *** metabolic disturbances lead to corresponding pathological changes,including the failure of axonal regeneration,the accumulation of scarring,and the activation of *** rescue spinal cord injury at the metabolic level,potential metabolic reprogramming approaches have emerged,including replenishing metabolic substrates,reconstituting metabolic couplings,and targeting mitochondrial therapies to alter cell *** available evidence suggests that metabolic reprogramming holds great promise as a next-generation approach for the treatment of spinal cord *** further advance the metabolic treatment of the spinal cord injury,future efforts should focus on a deeper understanding of neurometabolism,the development of more advanced metabolomics technologies,and the design of highly effective metabolic interventions.

关键词： axons glycolysis metabolic reprogramming metabolism mitochondria neural regeneration neuroprotection oxidative phosphorylation spinal cord injury therapy

预制肿瘤型人工关节在骨肿瘤患者保肢及术后功能恢复中的效果

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中国临床康复 2005年第42期9卷 80-82页

作者：叶永平张朝春符臣学徐皓解放军南京军区福州总医院骨科福建省福州市350025

目的:观察预制的肿瘤型人工关节在骨肿瘤患者保肢治疗中的应用价值及术后功能恢复特点。方法:选择1978-01/2003-12解放军南京军区福州总医院骨科施行的肿瘤型人工关节置换手术28例。恶性肿瘤11例,良性肿瘤17例。行铰链式人工膝关节置换1... 详细信息

目的:观察预制的肿瘤型人工关节在骨肿瘤患者保肢治疗中的应用价值及术后功能恢复特点。方法:选择1978-01/2003-12解放军南京军区福州总医院骨科施行的肿瘤型人工关节置换手术28例。恶性肿瘤11例,良性肿瘤17例。行铰链式人工膝关节置换15例,人工股骨头置换9例,人工全髋关节置换3例,人工全肩关节置换1例。人工关节假体根据术前X射线片预制。膝关节假体采用铰链式;人工股骨头初期为M oor型,近期为双极人工股骨头;人工全髋关节采用骨水泥型加长柄;人工全肩关节采用Neer型,以上假体均采用骨水泥固定。随访时观察患者术后关节功能恢复情况。结果:纳入患者28例,分别随访2个月～10年,均进入结果分析。①人工全膝关节置换结果:良性10例,1例术后10年,因外伤性膝关节假体感染而行大腿截肢术。9例假体伸屈0°～110°(平均70°),其中7例可独立行走,2例需扶拐。1例软骨肉瘤无瘤生存5年,1例骨肉瘤术后11个月生存良好,肿瘤未复发,3例恶性肿瘤12～23个月后死亡。②人工股骨头置换结果:良性5例,4例分别在5～7年后出现患髋疼痛,X射线摄片示髋臼磨损,需口服止痛药,扶拐行走。髋关节伸曲0°～80°(平均60°)。恶性4例,3例2～4年死亡。1例软骨肉瘤已存活3年,目前肺转移。③人工全髋置换结果:1例良性血管瘤术后4年患髋伸屈0°～90°,无疼痛。2例恶性肿瘤患者分别于14个月,21个月死亡。④人工全肩关节置换结果:术后随访2个月,肩关节无疼痛,伸20°,屈20°,外展30°,内收10°。结论:肿瘤型人工关节在骨肿瘤患者保肢治疗中具有良好的应用价值,患者在大段瘤段切除后,置换关节失去局部肌群附着点,其术后关节功能恢复较标准人工关节差,故术前应对手术适应证的选择定位于术后能够提高患者生活质量的水平上,加强适应证的选择,合理切除,重建肌群附着点,对改善肿瘤型人工关节的功能具有重要意义。

关键词：骨肿瘤关节成形术置换假体植入

Enhancing anion conductivity in a highly alkali-stable eta topologic Cu(Ⅰ) framework via strong electrostatic repulsion

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Xiaolu Wang Shaohui Guo chao Suo Fuqiang zhang Junhao Wang Wenjing Wang Daqiang Yuan Linfeng Liang Xianming zhang College of Chemistry Taiyuan University of Technology Institute of Crystalline Materials Shanxi University School of Chemistry and Materials Science Shanxi Normal University State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences

Metal-organic frameworks （MOFs） based on anion exchange membranes （AEMs） have garnered considerable interest,particularly for their potential to enhance ion conductivity by pre-introducing anions into *** approach is recognized as straightforward and effective for improving ion ***,developing high-performance AEMs is limited by the inherent instability and low resistance of *** study presents a novel 1,3,5-triazineμ3-bridged neutral Cu（I） framework,designated SXU-120 （where SXU represents Shanxi University）.This framework is synthesized using melamine,a widely available industrial product,as the starting material,achieving a high space-time yield exceeding 1.1 kg *** organic ligands and metal ions in SXU-120 are 3-connected,forming a rare eta topology with the point symbol 8～***-120 exhibits exceptional stability,even in a 10 M KOH solution,due to its high density of uncoordinated–NH2and carbonyl ***,the framework’s unique one-dimensional channels,characterized by their electronegativity,interact electrostatically with OH-ions,thereby accelerating OH-ion transfer along these ***,the OH-conductivity of this material reaches an impressive 0.49 S cm-1at 90°C under full humidity for 100 h,representing the highest OH-conductivity reported for MOF-based conductors to *** properties make SXU-120 a promising candidate for efficient AEM materials in next-generation industrial applications.

关键词：

The cGAS-STING-interferon regulatory factor 7 pathway regulates neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2361-2372页

作者： Shengyang Zhou Ting Li Wei zhang Jian Wu Hui Hong Wei Quan Xinyu Qiao chun Cui Chenmeng Qiao Weijiang Zhao Yanqin Shen Laboratory of Neurodegenerative and Neuroinjury Diseases Wuxi Medicine SchoolJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu ProvinceChina

Interferon regulatory factor 7 plays a crucial role in the innate immune ***,whether interferon regulatory factor 7-mediated signaling contributes to Parkinson's disease remains *** we report that interferon regulatory factor 7 is markedly up-regulated in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease and co-localizes with microglial *** the selective cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate synthase inhibitor RU.521 and the stimulator of interferon genes inhibitor H151 effectively suppressed interferon regulatory factor 7 activation in BV2 microglia exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and inhibited transformation of mouse BV2 microglia into the neurotoxic M1 *** addition,si RNA-mediated knockdown of interferon regulatory factor 7 expression in BV2 microglia reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase,tumor necrosis factorα,CD16,CD32,and CD86 and increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory markers ARG1 and *** together,our findings indicate that the cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes-interferon regulatory factor 7 pathway plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.

关键词： cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate synthase H151 interferon regulatory factor 7 M1 phenotype neurodegenerative disease neuroinflammation Parkinson’s disease RU521 STING type I interferon

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大亚湾海域贝类PSP的季节性变化

海洋环境科学 2010年第4期29卷 500-503页

作者：张纯超吴施卫辛海虹林端国家海洋局南海环境监测中心广东广州510300

2005～2006年间,在大亚湾海域进行贝类样品采集,共采集了61个贝类样品。首先用生物检测法对其进行了PSP的检测,然后挑选部分样品进行高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析,目的是研究大亚湾海域PSP的季节性变化规律和不同贝类品种间毒素含量的变化。... 详细信息

2005～2006年间,在大亚湾海域进行贝类样品采集,共采集了61个贝类样品。首先用生物检测法对其进行了PSP的检测,然后挑选部分样品进行高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析,目的是研究大亚湾海域PSP的季节性变化规律和不同贝类品种间毒素含量的变化。结果表明:⑴对生物检测法,样品的PSP含量普遍较低,只有一个样品检出,检出值为163 Mu/100g;季节性变化较明显,主要出现在春季,其他季节未见分布;⑵样品的高效液相色谱检测结果表明,对12种PSP主要毒素成分进行检测发现12种毒素成分均存在于该海域;以牡蛎的四季的毒性值来考察,2005年春季>2006年春季;而2005年:夏季>秋季>冬季>春季。

关键词：麻痹性贝类毒素大亚湾海域季节性分布

小腿皮神经-浅静脉营养血管远端蒂复合瓣的解剖学特征与足及小腿下段创伤修复

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中国临床康复 2006年第16期10卷 79-82,i0004页

作者：张发惠郑和平林松庆张朝春解放军南京军区福州总医院军区临床解剖学研究中心福建省福州市350025

目的:探讨小腿皮神经-浅静脉营养血管远端蒂复合瓣的构建,为临床足部损伤修复提供解剖学理论。方法:实验于2004-01/08在解放军南京军区福州总医院军区临床解剖学研究中心实验室完成。64侧动脉灌注红色乳胶成人下肢标本由南京军区福州总... 详细信息

目的:探讨小腿皮神经-浅静脉营养血管远端蒂复合瓣的构建,为临床足部损伤修复提供解剖学理论。方法:实验于2004-01/08在解放军南京军区福州总医院军区临床解剖学研究中心实验室完成。64侧动脉灌注红色乳胶成人下肢标本由南京军区福州总医院军区临床解剖学研究中心提供。60侧动脉灌注红色乳胶的成人下肢标本,以外踝尖、内踝最凸出点为观测标志点,重点显微解剖:①隐神经-大隐静脉、腓肠神经-小隐静脉营养血管的来源、分支及吻合。②皮神经-浅静脉营养血管与胫骨、腓骨、腓肠肌和比目鱼肌的供血关系。另用4侧标本行远端蒂复合瓣摹拟手术。结果:①隐神经-大隐静脉营养血管来源:隐动脉(3～5支)穿皮支、膝下内动脉穿皮支、胫后动脉肌间隙支(2～7)、骨皮穿支(1～2)支、踝前内侧穿皮支、踝上穿皮支和踝管筋膜穿皮支(4～5支)。②腓肠神经-小隐静脉营养血管来自腓动脉肌间隔穿支4～8支,最远的跟外侧动脉穿支距外踝尖上(1.0±1.3)cm,外径(0.6±0.2)mm。③腓肠肌内、外侧头动脉沿途发2～6支的肌皮穿支营养皮神经浅静脉。④胫后动脉肌间隙支营养胫骨、比目鱼肌内侧半。⑤腓动脉肌间隔穿支营养腓骨、比目鱼肌外侧半。上述穿皮支平均外径在0.3～1.6mm,发出皮支、筋膜支、皮神经-浅静脉营养血管,形成皮神经-浅静脉血管链以及深、浅筋膜血管网。结论:小腿皮神经、浅静脉、骨膜、筋膜和皮肤的营养血管同源,可以设计4种皮神经-浅静脉营养血管远端蒂复合瓣,用于足部和小腿下段的创伤修复。

关键词：足损伤/外科学踝损伤/外科学腓肠神经隐静脉外科皮瓣

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基于规则的建模方法的可解释性及其发展

自动化学报 2021年第6期47卷 1201-1216页

作者：周志杰曹友胡昌华唐帅文张春潮王杰火箭军工程大学导弹工程学院

建模方法的可解释性指其以可理解的方式表达实际系统行为的能力.随着实践中对可靠性需求的不断提高,建立出可靠且可解释的模型以增强人对实际系统的认知成为了建模的重要目标.基于规则的建模方法可更直观地描述系统机理,并能有效融合定... 详细信息

建模方法的可解释性指其以可理解的方式表达实际系统行为的能力.随着实践中对可靠性需求的不断提高,建立出可靠且可解释的模型以增强人对实际系统的认知成为了建模的重要目标.基于规则的建模方法可更直观地描述系统机理,并能有效融合定量信息和定性知识实现不确定信息的灵活处理,具有较强的建模性能.本文从基于规则的建模方法出发,围绕知识库、推理机和模型优化梳理了其在可解释性方面的研究,最后进行了简要的评述和展望.

关键词：基于规则的建模方法可解释性系统建模不确定性