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Extraordinary hot extreme in summer 2022 over the Yangtze River basin modulated by the La Nina condition under global warming

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第1期15卷 21-30页

作者： Zhen LIAO yu-Feng yuAN Yang CHEN Pan-Mao zhai State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

A widespread and prolonged hot extreme hit the Yangtze River basin in summer 2022,with 300 sites established new temperature records and nearly 96%stations endured more than 40 hot *** the perspective of the combination effect of the global warming and La Nina condition,potential mechanisms of the hot extreme were *** a record-breaking hot extreme was caused by an extremely strong and westward-shifted western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH).The global warming effect contributed primarily to the abnormal hot days in the Yangtze River basin,coupled with the modulation of the La Nina *** sea surface temperature anomaly pattern under La Nina condition favored more convection activities over the western Pacific,encouraging an enhanced and westward-extended *** addition,an observation-based attribution analysis indicates that anthropogenic warming may increase the probability of such extensively persistent hot extremeby1.8 times.

关键词： Hot extreme The Yangtze River basin Global warming Tropical Pacific forcing

Dual-objective two-photon microscope for volumetric imaging of dense scattering biological samples by bidirectional excitation and collection

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Photonics Research 2024年第6期12卷 1351-1361页

作者： MUyuE zhai JING yu YANHUI HU HANG yu BEICHEN XIE YI yu DAWEI LI AIMIN WANG HEPING CHENG National Biomedical Imaging Center College of Future TechnologyPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational MedicineNanjing 211500China Beijing Transcend Vivoscope Biotech Beijing 100085China College of Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Quantitative Biology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Electronics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Networks Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Full view observation throughout entire specimens over a prolonged period is crucial when exploring the physiological functions and system-level ***-photon microscopy(MPM)has been widely employed for such purposes owing to its deep penetration ***,the current MPM struggles with balancing the imaging depth and quality while avoiding photodamage for the exponential increasement of excitation power with the imaging ***,we present a dual-objective two-photon microscope(Duo-2P),characterized by bidirectional two-photon excitation and fluorescence collection,for long-duration volumetric imaging of dense scattering ***-2P effectively doubles the imaging depth,reduces the total excitation energy by an order of magnitude for samples with a thickness five times the scattering length,and enhances the signal-to-noise ratio up to 1.4 *** these advantages,we acquired volumetric images of a 380-μm suprachiasmatic nucleus slice for continuous 4-h recording at a rate of 1.67 s/volume,visualized the calcium activities over 4000 neurons,and uncovered their state-switching *** conclude that Duo-2P provides an elegant and powerful means to overcome the fundamental depth limit while mitigating photodamages for deep tissue volumetric imaging.

关键词： excitation overcome exponential

The effect of Ti and Zr content on the structure,mechanics and energy-release characteristics of Ti—Zr—Ta alloys

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 343-350页

作者： Jia-yu Meng Jing-zhi He Bin Zhang Jin Chen shun Li Dun Niu yu Tang Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an710065China College of Aerospace Science and Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073China

Energetic structural materials(ESMs)are a new type of structural materials with bearing and damage *** this work the microstructure,mechanical properties and energy release characteristics of multi-element Ti-Zr-Ta alloys with good casting performance were *** microstructure of the Ti_(x)ZrTa alloys gradually change from BCC+HCP to single BCC structure with the increase of *** the Ti_(2)Zr_(y)Ta alloys was still uniform and single BCC structure with the increase of *** evolution of microstructure and composition then greatly affect the mechanical properties and energy-release characteristics of Ti-Zr-Ta *** synergistic effect of dual phase structure increases the fracture strain of Ti_(x)ZrTa(x=0.2,0.5)with the Ti content decreases,while the fracture strain of Ti_(x)ZrTa(x=2.0,3.0,4.0)gradually increase with the Ti content increases caused by the annihilation of the obstacles for dislocation *** as Zr content increases,the fracture strain of Ti_(2)Zr_(y)Ta alloys decrease,then the oxidation reaction rate and fragmentation degree gradually *** higher oxidation rate and the lager exposed oxidation area jointly leads the higher releasing energy efficiency of Ti_(x)ZrTa alloys with low Ti content and Ti_(2)Zr_(y)Ta alloys with high Zr content.

关键词： Energetic structural materials Ti-Zr-Ta Multi-element alloy Energy release characteristics

Elemental Compositions of Clinopyroxenes from Southern Okinawa Trough Basalt:Implications for Magmatism and Structural Environment in an Initial Back-Arc Basin

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第3期23卷 643-653页

作者： GUO Kun zhai Shikui FAN Di ZHANG Xia ZHANG yu ZHU Zhimin Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237China Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques Ministry of EducationCollege of Marine GeosciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences&Second Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China

The major and trace elemental compositions of clinopyroxene from basalt were used to characterize the nature of the primitive magma and structural environment beneath the southern Okinawa Trough(SOT),which is an initial back-arc basin at a continental *** clinopyroxenes in the basalt were augite with variable Mg^(#)contents(73.37-78.22).The regular variations in major oxide contents(i.e.,CaO,FeO,TiO_(2),and Cr)with decreasing Mg#implied that the clinopyroxenes evolved from being enriched in Mg,Ca,and Cr to being enriched in Fe and *** clinopyroxenes had relatively low rare earth element concentrations(7.51×10^(-6) to 12.68×10^(-6))and negative Eu anomalies(δEu=0.67-0.95).The Kd_(cpx) values of clinopyroxenes(0.2-0.26),which were used to examine whether the clinopyroxene was equilibrated with its host basalt,demonstrate that these clinopyroxene phenocrysts were not captured crystals but were instead produced by crystallization differentiation of the *** calculated clinopyroxene crystallization temperatures showed a narrow range of 990-1061℃,and their crystallization pressures ranged from 2.0 to 3.2 *** geochemistry features of these clinopyroxenes indicated that the parent magma belonged to the subalkaline tholeiitic magma series and suggested that the magma experienced crystallization differentiation of olivine,plagioclase,and clinopyroxene,where the crystallization of plagioclase occurred earlier than that of *** with geophysical data,this research on primitive magma and its crystallization differentiation from clinopyroxene indicates that the SOT is in the stage of‘seafloor spreading’and that basaltic rocks produced from tholeiitic magma represent the generation of oceanic crust.

关键词： trace elements clinopyroxenes southern Okinawa Trough seafloor spreading back-arc basin

Snstainable Land Use in Hilly Red Soil Region of South-eastern China

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Pedosphere 1995年第1期5卷 1-10页

作者： ZHANG TAO-LIN ZHAO QI-GUO zhai yu-shun CHEN BIN-FEI and SUN BO(Institute of Soil Science, Academia Sinica, P. O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008 ( China))

In the Present work, an integrated analysis of natural and socio-economic conditions in the hilly redsoil region of southeastern China is made by nieans of a Geographic Information System. Particular em-phasis lies on soil degradation and other adverse ecological and environmental effects of the prevalent andirrational land-use systems of mono-and valley-agriculture in the region. Moreover, taking into account thesimultaneous existence of enormous potentials and serious constraints and the high diversity and complexityof the biophysical and socio-economic environments, a set of strategies and counterineasures are also prc-posed for appropriate management of environmental resources, in terms of maintaining harmony betweenutilization and conservation of the natural environment, including 1) adjustment of the agricultural structureand optimization of ecological patterns of stereo-agriculture; 2) improvement and integrated exploitation ofthe low-yield lands and wastelands; 3) rehabilitation and conservation of soil and water resources; and 4)establishment of production bases of tropical and subtropical cash crops and fruits.

关键词： ecosystem hilly red soil soil degradation sustainable land use

Programmable silicon-photonic quantum simulator based on a linear combination of unitaries

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Photonics Research 2024年第8期12卷 1760-1767页

作者： yuE yu yuLIN CHI CHONGHAO zhai JIESHAN HUANG QIHUANG GONG JIANWEI WANG State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics Peking University Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Peking University Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics Peking University Hefei National Laboratory

Simulating the dynamic evolution of physical and molecular systems in a quantum computer is of fundamental interest in many applications. The implementation of dynamics simulation requires efficient quantum algorithms. The Lie-Trotter-Suzuki approximation algorithm, also known as the Trotterization, is basic in Hamiltonian dynamics simulation. A multi-product algorithm that is a linear combination of multiple Trotterizations has been proposed to improve the approximation accuracy. However, implementing such multiproduct Trotterization in quantum computers remains challenging due to the requirements of highly controllable and precise quantum entangling operations with high success probability. Here, we report a programmable integrated-photonic quantum simulator based on a linear combination of unitaries, which can be tailored for implementing the linearly combined multiple Trotterizations, and on the simulator we benchmark quantum simulation of Hamiltonian dynamics. We modify the multi-product algorithm by integrating it with oblivious amplitude amplification to simultaneously reach high simulation precision and high success probability. The quantum simulator is devised and fabricated on a large-scale silicon-photonic quantum chip, which allows the initialization, manipulation, and measurement of arbitrary four-qubit states and linearly combined unitary gates. As an example, the quantum simulator is reprogrammed to emulate the dynamics of an electron spin and nuclear spin coupled system. This work promises the practical dynamics simulations of real-world physical and molecular systems in future large-scale quantum computers. ? 2024 Chinese Laser Press

关键词： Numerical simulation Quantum computation Quantum simulator Quantum technology Signal processing Silicon photonics

Application of efficient and sustainable freeze-dissolving technology in manufacturing of KHCO_(3)ultrafine particles

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Green Chemical Engineering 2024年第2期5卷 266-272页

作者： Jiaqi Luo Qifan Su Qiushuo yu Xinyue zhai yuan Zou Huaiyu Yang School of Chemical Engineering Chemical Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Use Technology of Shanbei EnergyInternational Science&Technology Cooperation Base of MOST for Clean Utilization of Hydrocarbon ResourcesNorthwest UniversityXi’an710069China Department of Chemical Engineering Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughLE113TUUnited Kingdom

The development of ultrafine particles provided a new way to solve problems in the fields of energy,environment,and medicine,and had become one of the most promising ***,the application of ultrafine particles required the development of cleaner,greener,and more efficient preparation *** new freeze-dissolving technology has been applied in manufacturing of KHCO_(3)ultrafine particles,with an aqueous solution of 0.02-0.1 g KHCO_(3)/g *** ice particles were formed after dripping the solution into liquid *** antisolvent ethanol was used to dissolve the ice spherical template at a temperature below 273.15 K,and the pre-formed KHCO_(3)ultrafine particles inside the ice template remained in the ethanol aqueous *** ice particles were put into the freeze dryer to isolate the ultrafine KHCO_(3)*** with the particles produced with traditional freeze-drying technology,the ultrafine powder/particles produced by the freeze-dissolving technology were smaller with narrower size *** freeze-dissolving technology has demonstrated a much more sustainable and efficient manufacturing process than the traditional freeze-drying *** addition,the influence of the concentrations of KHCO_(3)and the sizes of ice particles were investigated with the discussions of mechanisms.

关键词： Freeze-dissolving Freeze-drying Ultrafine particles Sustainable

Lactobacillus melliventris promotes hive productivity and immune functionality in Bombus terrestris performance in the greenhouse

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 911-926页

作者： Qianhui yu Yan Liu Shanshan Liu Shaogang Li Yifan zhai Qingchao Zhang Li Zheng Hao Zheng Yifan zhai Xiaofei Wang Insttute of Plant Protection Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina Key Laboratory of Natural Enemies Insects Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsJinanChina College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina BGI-Qingdao BGI-ShenzhenQingdaoShandongChina

Bumblebees are important pollinators in agricultural ecosystems,but their abundance is declining *** is an urgent need to protect bumblebee health and their pollination *** possess specialized gut microbiota with potential to be used as probiotics to help defend at-risk bumblebee ***,evidence for probiotic benefits on bumblebees is ***,we evaluated how supplementation with Lactobacillus melliventris isolated from bumblebee gut affected the colony development of Bombus *** native strain colonized robustly and persisted long-term in bumblebees,leading to a significantly higher quality of ***,the tyrosine pathway was upregulated in the brain and fat body,while the Wnt and mTOR pathways of the gut were ***,the field experiment in the greenhouse revealed the supplementation of *** led to a 2.5-fold increase in the bumblebee survival rate and a more than 10%increase in the number of flowers visited,indicating a better health condition and pollination ability in field *** study represents a first screening for the potential use of the native gut member,***,as probiotic strains in hive supplement for bumblebee breeding,which may be a practical approach to improve immunity and hive health.

关键词： Bombus terrestris gut microbiota immunity Lactobacillus melliventris transcriptome

A columnar multi-layer sliding triboelectric nanogenerator for water wave energy harvesting independent of wave height and direction

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 3029-3034页

作者： Xue Miao Hanxiao Yang Zekun Li Meifei Cheng Yilin Zhao Lingyu Wan Aifang yu Junyi zhai Center on NanoEnergy Research School of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Beijing Institute of Nano Energy and Nano Systems Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101400China School of Nanoscience and Engineering University of Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 101408China

The ocean,with its highly variable and complex meteorological conditions,harbors enormous renewable *** nanogenerators(TENGs),which possess unique advantages,show exciting prospects in water wave energy *** to design and optimize TENGs to cover all characteristic water wave energies and achieve efficient energy utilization is *** this paper,we carefully designed and fabricated a columnar multi-layer sliding TENG(CMLS-TENG)that can harvest water wave energy independent of wave height and *** rods with a hollow acrylic spherical shell were introduced to deliver wave energy,ensuring that the CMLS-TENG can work in all directions from 0°to 360°.Based on the sliding structure,switching the optimized CMLS-TENG is independent of wave *** optimized CMLS-TENG can achieve a total power density of 730 mW/m^(3) at a wave height of only 4.8 cm regardless of wave direction,which can illuminate multiple light-emitting diodes(LEDs)to provide lighting and provide power to a watch and a hygrometer for temperature and humidity *** work provides new choices and hopes for the effective collection of full-range water wave energy.

关键词： triboelectric nanogenerator wave energy multi-direction columnar slide