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Unraveling the catalytic redox mechanism of lithium–sulfur batteries through advanced in-situ/operando characterizations

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Science China Chemistry 2024年

作者： Pan zeng cheng Yuan Bin Su Genlin Liu Jiechang Gao Kun Yang Qingyuan Wang Liang Zhang Institute for Advanced Study School of Mechanical Engineering Chengdu University Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Dyson School of Design Engineering Imperial College London

Accelerating the redox conversion of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs) with electrocatalysts has been regarded as an effective avenue to surmount the shuttle effect and realize high-performance lithium–sulfur(Li–S) batteries. However, the complicated reaction process, especially the real-time evolution of sulfur-containing species and electrocatalysts under working conditions, has brought great difficulties in the explicit understanding of reaction mechanism of Li–S batteries, thereby severely hampering the design of highly efficient electrocatalysts. Therefore, a crucial prerequisite for correctly identifying the reaction mechanism is an in-depth analysis of the dynamic evolution of reaction intermediates and their structure-performance relationships. In this review,we comprehensively summarized the most recent progress in the dynamic behaviors of LiPSs and electrocatalysts of Li–S batteries under working conditions in conjunction with closely related in-situ/operando characterizations to recognize the realtime evolution of phase, composition, and atomic/electronic structure, thereby unraveling the corresponding catalytic mechanism. In addition, the major challenges and unexplored issues of catalytic conversion of LiPSs were summarized and discussed, aiming to provide perspectives into the development of highly efficient electrocatalysts in Li–S chemistry. Based on this review, we believe that reasonable regulation of reconstruction behaviors can achieve satisfactory electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity, accelerating the development of green energy.

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Achieving a remarkable low-temperature tensile ductility in a high-strength tungsten alloy

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Tungsten 2024年第1期6卷 150-161页

作者： Xiang cheng Zhuo-Ming Xie Xue-Feng Xie Long-Fei zeng Rui Liu Jun-Feng Yang Xue-Bang Wu Xian-Ping Wang Chang-Song Liu Qiang-Feng Fang Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Institute of Solid State PhysicsHFIPSChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou 341000China

Hot-swaging yields a high ultimate tensile strength of 712 MPa but a limited tensile ductility with the total elongation of3.6%at a testing temperature of 200℃in a representative W-0.5wt.%ZrC *** this work,the evolution of Vickers microhardness with annealing temperatures is investigated in detail,which contributes to a rough index chart to guide the search for an optimized post-annealing *** the post-annealing around 1300℃,an outstanding tensile ductility at200℃,including a uniform elongation of 14%and a total elongation of~25%,has been achieved without the sacrifice of its *** evolution of dislocations and grain structures with the annealing temperatures accessed through backscattered scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope analysis reveals that the improved low-temperature tensile ductility has resulted from the reduction of residual dislocations and dislocation tanglement via the static recovery,which provides more room to accommodate dislocations,and hence stronger strain hardening ability and tensile ductility.

关键词： Tungsten Low-temperature ductility Annealing Dislocations

Transcriptome and metabolome analysis of preharvest internal browning in Nane plum fruit caused by high temperature

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第5期10卷 1099-1111页

作者： cheng Peng Linping Deng Hejun Tan Wancong Meng Jianliang Luo zengwen Zhang Huiqiong Chen Jishui Qiu Xiaoxiao Chang Yusheng Lu Institute of Fruit Tree Research Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource UtilizationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree ResearchGuangzhouGuangdong 510640China Lechang Lingnan Institute of Deciduous Fruit Tree Research ShaoguanGuangdong 512200China

The preharvest internal browning of Nane plum fruit,with no visible effects on the appearance of the fruit,has become a serious problem in recent years in its production area in Guangdong Province,*** study investigated the effects of environmental factors,including temperature,on Nane plum internal *** orchards at different elevations with different incidences of internal browning were *** fruits with different internal browning incidence levels,the internal browning mechanism was analyzed with transcriptome and metabolome *** results revealed decreased internal browning at high *** treatment significantly reduced internal browning,whereas bagging and insect-proof net-covering treatments significantly increased internal *** bagging and net coverings increase the local ambient temperature,the findings suggest that high temperature is an important factor influencing the internal browning of Nane *** metabolome experiments showed that with increased internal browning,the levels of phenolic hydroxyls such as catechol increased,with simultaneous increases in hydrogen peroxide content and oxidase *** can be speculated that the oxidation of phenolic hydroxyl substances is the main cause of the preharvest browning of Nane *** analysis revealed the increased expression of calcium signaling-related and downstream effector genes and indicated an important role of calcium in internal browning,possibly due to its increased content in the ***,with increasingly serious internal browning,genes related to photosynthesis were down-regulated,while genes related to senescence were up-regulated,thus suggesting the up-regulation of the process of cell senescence during internal *** conclusion,heat stress should be eliminated to reduce preharvest internal browning in Nane plum.

关键词： Nane plum Fruit internal browning High temperature Calcium

Pharmacokinetic enhancement of oncolytic virus M1 by inhibiting JAK-STAT pathway

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第6期14卷 2554-2566页

作者： Jingyi Tan Jiayu Zhang cheng Hu Gongwei Wang Qianyao Ren Chaoqun Wang Jia Dan Zexin zeng Jun Hu Wenbo Zhu Jiankai Liang Jing Cai Ying Liu Guangmei Yan Yuan Lin Department of Pharmacology Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China The Sixth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655China Department of Urology the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630China Advanced Medical Technology Center the First Affiliated Hospital-Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Elderly Chronic Diseases Ministry of EducationGuangzhou 510655China Department of Infectious Diseases the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630China

Oncolytic viruses(OVs),a group of replication-competent viruses that can selectively infect and kill cancer cells while leaving healthy cells intact,are emerging as promising living anticancer *** traditional drugs composed of non-replicating compounds or biomolecules,the replicative nature of viruses confer unique pharmacokinetic properties that require further *** some pharmacokinetics studies of OVs,mechanistic insights into the connection between OV pharmacokinetics and antitumor efficacy remain ***,we characterized the pharmacokinetic profile of oncolytic virus M1(OVM)in immunocompetent mouse tumor models and identified the JAK-STAT pathway as a key modulator of OVM *** suppressing the JAK-STAT pathway,early OVM pharmacokinetics are ameliorated,leading to enhanced tumor-specific viral accumulation,increased AUC and Cmax,and improved antitumor *** than compromising antitumor immunity after JAK-STAT inhibition,the improved pharmacokinetics of OVM promotes T cell recruitment and activation in the tumor microenvironment,providing an optimal opportunity for the therapeutic outcome of immune checkpoint blockade,such as *** together,this study advances our understanding of the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship in OV therapy.

关键词： Pharmacokinetics Oncolytic virus JAK-STAT Anticancer

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范德瓦耳斯材料的原位应变工程与应用

物理学报 2024年第11期73卷 11-23页

作者：马泽成刘增霖程斌梁世军缪峰南京大学物理学院南京210093 南京理工大学物理学院南京210094

范德瓦耳斯材料凭借独特的结构和优异的性能在应变工程领域引起了广泛的关注.通过改变原子晶格和电子结构,应变可以调控范德瓦耳斯材料的物理性质,最终实现高性能的新原理电子器件.首先总结了诱导原位应变的实验方法,然后通过回顾范德... 详细信息

范德瓦耳斯材料凭借独特的结构和优异的性能在应变工程领域引起了广泛的关注.通过改变原子晶格和电子结构,应变可以调控范德瓦耳斯材料的物理性质,最终实现高性能的新原理电子器件.首先总结了诱导原位应变的实验方法,然后通过回顾范德瓦耳斯磁性、超导和拓扑材料在原位应变调控研究的最新进展,以及应变相关的器件应用开发,探讨该领域当前面临的挑战和未来的机遇.

关键词：范德瓦耳斯材料应变工程原位应变应变传感器

Distribution characteristics and indicative significance of grain size and elemental content in surface-sediments of Qinghai Lake， Northeastern Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Yuqi cheng Haicheng Wei Ronglei Duan Shun Wang Zhixiang Wang Hongyu Li Fangming zeng Yilin Hou Hongpan Xue Key Laboratory of Green and High-end Utilization of Salt Lake Resources， Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes， Chinese Academy of Sciences Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes， Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Qinghai Lake in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP)， being sensitive to paleoclimate change and anthropogenic activities， has attracted much attention from paleoenvironmental researchers. Grain size and elemental content in lake sediments are indispensable proxies for reconstructing paleoclimate and paleoenvironment. However， limited research on grain size and elemental content of surface-sediments in Qinghai Lake complicates decoding the information from lacustrine sedimentary strata. In this study， 55 surface-sediment samples were collected for grain size and elemental content analysis， combined with grain size end-member modeling algorithm (EMMA)， correlation (CA) and principal component (PCA) analysis to explore the controlling mechanisms and their environmental indications. Our results show that the hydrodynamic condition controls the distribution of surface-sediments in Qinghai Lake: exhibiting a belt-like pattern of sand-silt-clay， the clockwise circulation in the northwestern and southwestern lake transports sand to the two primary sedimentary centers. Three primary components representing different transport/depositional processes were separated: ‘lacustro-aeolian’， ‘fluvio-aeolian’ and river-transported bedload. Grain size controls the elemental content， particularly in terrestrial particles. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)， mainly derived from endogenous organic matter (OM)， tend to be absorbed by finer particles. The hydrodynamic conditions and anthropogenic activities also influence their spatial distribution. The chemical weathering index (CIA)， indicating a cold and dry climate， is highly related to grain size. This research provides crucial modern process references for accurately interpreting grain size and element records in sediment cores from Qinghai Lake.

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Prognostic relevance of ventricular arrhythmias in surgical patients with gastrointestinal tumors

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第5期16卷 1787-1795页

作者： Jiao-Jie Xue Su-Tian Hu Chong-Chong Wang Zhi-Chong Chen Shi-Yao cheng Shu-Qi Yu Hua-Jing Peng Yi-Tao Zhang Wei-Jie zeng Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine Sun Yat-sen University Sixth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou 510655Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510700Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Ultrasound Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences ShenzhenShenzhen 518052Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Kidney Internal Medicine Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou 510062Guangdong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Individuals diagnosed with gastrointestinal tumors are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular *** which,ventricular arrhythmia is a prevalent clinical *** suggests that ventricular arrhythmias may have predictive value in the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal *** To explore the prognostic value of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with gastrointestinal tumors receiving *** We retrospectively analyzed data from 130 patients undergoing gastrointestinal tumor *** patients were evaluated by a 24-h ambulatory electrocardiogram(ECG)at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2018 to June ***,41 general healthy age-matched and sexmatched controls were *** were categorized into survival and non-survival *** primary endpoint was all-cause mortality,and secondary endpoints included major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs).RESULTS Colorectal tumors comprised 90%of *** ambulatory ECG monitoring revealed that among the 130 patients with gastrointestinal tumors,100(76.92%)exhibited varying degrees of premature ventricular contractions(PVCs).Ten patients(7.69%)manifested non-sustained ventricular tachycardia(NSVT).The patients with gastrointestinal tumors exhibited higher PVCs compared to the healthy controls on both conventional ECG[27(21.3)vs 1(2.5),P=0.012]and 24-h ambulatory ECG[14(1.0,405)vs 1(0,6.5),P35/24 h to all-cause mortality,and NSVT was associated with ***,neither PVC burden nor NSVT independently predicted outcomes according to multivariate *** Patients with gastrointestinal tumors exhibited elevated ***>35/24 h and NSVT detected by 24-h ambulatory ECG were prognos

关键词： Ventricular arrhythmia Gastrointestinal tumor Major adverse cardiovascular events Prognostic Surgery

Mutual regulation of microglia and astrocytes after Gas6 inhibits spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 557-573页

作者： Jiewen Chen Xiaolin zeng Le Wang Wenwu Zhang Gang Li Xing cheng Peiqiang Su Yong Wan Xiang Li Department of Spine Surgery The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology GuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Invasive inflammation and excessive scar formation are the main reasons for the difficulty in repairing nervous tissue after spinal cord *** and astrocytes play key roles in the spinal cord injury micro-environment and share a close ***,the mechanisms involved remain *** this study,we found that after spinal cord injury,resting microglia(M0)were polarized into pro-inflammatory phenotypes(MG1 and MG3),while resting astrocytes were polarized into reactive and scar-forming *** expression of growth arrest-specific 6(Gas6)and its receptor Axl were significantly down-regulated in microglia and astrocytes after spinal cord *** vitro experiments showed that Gas6 had negative effects on the polarization of reactive astrocytes and pro-inflammatory microglia,and even inhibited the cross-regulation between *** further demonstrated that Gas6 can inhibit the polarization of reactive astrocytes by suppressing the activation of the Yes-associated protein signaling ***,in turn,inhibited the polarization of pro-inflammatory microglia by suppressing the activation of the nuclear factor-κB/p65 and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling *** vivo experiments showed that Gas6 inhibited the polarization of pro-inflammatory microglia and reactive astrocytes in the injured spinal cord,thereby promoting tissue repair and motor function ***,Gas6 may play a role in the treatment of spinal cord *** can inhibit the inflammatory pathway of microglia and polarization of astrocytes,attenuate the interaction between microglia and astrocytes in the inflammatory microenvironment,and thereby alleviate local inflammation and reduce scar formation in the spinal cord.

关键词： astrocytes Axl cell polarization Gas6 Hippo signal inflammatory micro-environment intercellular interaction microglia single-cell sequencing spinal cord injury

Simulation study of multi-layer titanium nitride nanodisk broadband solar absorber and thermal emitter

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第11期 153-162页

作者： Xi Huang Yingting Yi Qianju Song Zao Yi Can Ma Chaojun Tang Qingdong zeng Shubo cheng Rizwan Raza School of Mathematics and Science Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties The State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials Tianfu Institute of Research and InnovationSouthwest University of Science and Technology College of Physics Central South University Department of Oncology Sichuan Science City Hospital School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jishou University College of Science Zhejiang University of Technology School of Physics and Electronic-information Engineering Hubei Engineering University School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Yangtze University Department of Physics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology

Solar energy has always been a kind of energy with large reserves and wide application. It is well utilized through solar absorbers. In our study, the finite difference time domain method(FDTD)is used to simulate the absorber composed of refractory metal materials, and its absorption performance and thermal emission performance are obtained. The ultra-wide band of 200 nm–3000 nm reaches 95.93% absorption efficiency, of which the bandwidth absorption efficiency of2533 nm(200 nm–2733 nm) is greater than 90%. The absorption efficiency in the whole spectrum range(200 nm–2733 nm) is 97.17% on average. The multilayer nanodisk structure of the absorber allows it to undergo strong surface plasmon resonance and near-field coupling when irradiated by incident light. The thermal emission performance of the absorber enables it to also be applied to the thermal emitter. The thermal emission efficiency of 95.37% can be achieved at a high temperature of up to 1500 K. Moreover, the changes of polarization and incident angle do not cause significant changes in absorption. Under the gradual change of polarization angle(0°–90°), the absorption spectrum maintains a high degree of consistency. As the incident angle increases from 0° to 60°, there is still 85% absorption efficiency. The high absorption efficiency and excellent thermal radiation intensity of ultra-wideband enable it to be deeply used in energy absorption and conversion applications.

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