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Hyperpycnal (over density) flows and deposits

Journal of Palaeogeography 2020年第3期9卷 267-287页

作者： carlos zavala Departamento de Geologia Universidad Nacional del SurSan Juan 6708000 Bahia BlancaArgentina GCS Argentina 5RL Molina Campos 1508000 Bahia BlancaArgentina

A hyperpycnal flow forms when a relatively dense land-derived gravity flow enters into a marine or lacustrine water reservoir. As a consequence of its excess of density, the incoming flow plunges in coastal areas, generating a highly dynamic and often long-lived dense underflow. Depending on the characteristics of the parent flow(flow duration and flow rheology) and basin salinity, the resulting deposits(hyperpycnites) can be very *** to flow duration, land-derived gravity flows can be classified into short-lived or long-lived flows. Shortlived gravity flows last for minutes or hours, and are mostly related to small mountainous river discharges, alluvial fans, collapse of natural dams, landslides, volcanic eruptions, j?kulhlaups, etc. Long-lived gravity flows last for days,weeks or even months, and are mostly associated with medium-to large-size river *** the rheology of the incoming flow, hyperpycnal flows can be initiated by non-Newtonian(cohesive debris flows), Newtonian supercritical(lahars, hyperconcentrated flows, and concentrated flows) or Newtonian subcritical flows(pebbly, sandy or muddy sediment-laden turbulent flows). Once plunged, non-Newtonian and Newtonian supercritical flows require steep slopes to accelerate, allow the incorporation of ambient water and develop flow transformations in order to evolve into a turbidity current and travel further basinward. Their resulting deposits are difficult to differentiate from those related to intrabasinal turbidites. On the contrary, long-lived Newtonian subcritical flows are capable of transferring huge volumes of sediment, freshwater and organic matter far from the coast even along gentle or flat slopes. In marine settings, the buoyant effect of interstitial freshwater in pebbly and sandy hyperpycnal flows can result in lofting due to flow density reversal. Since the excess of density in muddy hyperpycnal flows is provided by silt-clay sediments in turbulent suspension, lofting

关键词： Hyperpycnal flows Hyperpycnites Turbidites Sediment gravity flows

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The new knowledge is written on sedimentary rocks——a comment on Shanmugam’s paper “the hyperpycnite problem”

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2019年第3期8卷 306-313页

作者： carlos zavala Departamento de Geología Universidad Nacional del Sur GCS Argentina SRL

In a recent contribution G. Shanmugam (2018) discusses and neglects the importance of hyperpycnal flows and hyperpycnites for the understanding of some sediment gravity flow deposits. For him, the hyperpycnal flow paradigm is strictly based on experimental and theoretical concepts, without the supporting empirical data from modern depositional systems. In this discussion I will demonstrate that G. Shanmugam overlooks growing evidences that support the importance of hyperpycnal flows in the accumulation of a huge volume of fossil clastic sediments. Sustained hyperpycnal flows also provide a rational explanation for the origin of well sorted fine-grained massive sandstones with floating clasts, a deposit often wrongly related to sandy debris flows.

关键词： Hyperpycnites Turbidites Sediment gravity flows

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A case study on how astronomical cycles affect the organic carbon accumulation

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2023年第4期12卷 637-651页

作者： Yang Li Ren-Chao Yang carlos zavala Liang Dong Valentin Trobbiani Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590Shandong ProvinceChina Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266071Shandong ProvinceChina Geology Department Universidad Nacional del SurBahía Blanca 8000Argentina Geología de Cuencas Sedimentarias(GCS)Argentina Bahía Blanca 8000Argentina

The paleoclimate change impacts the sedimentary environment and process,which in turn control the accumulation of organic *** studies have shown that the paleoclimate is controlled by astronomical ***,understanding how these cycles impact the accumulation of organic carbon is a critical question that requires in-depth *** studies have shown that Milankovitch cycle can be revealed from the sediments of the 7^(th)Oil Member(Chang 7 Member for short)of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the southern Ordos Basin,suggesting that the deposition was controlled by astronomically-forced climate *** on previous research,this study collected natural gamma(GR)data of Chang 7 Member from the N36 Well to further analyze astronomical cycles,combined with X-ray fluorescence(XRF)analysis and total organic carbon(TOC)tests,to reconstruct the paleoenvironment and analyze the organic matter enrichment *** results of this contribution show that,paleoclimate,paleo-redox conditions,paleo-water level,paleo-productivity and sediment accumulation rate(SAR)collectively controlled the enrichment of organic ***,this study identified the presence of eccentricity,obliquity,precession,and the 1.2 Myr long obliquity cycle in the Chang 7 *** cycles controlled the paleoenvironmental changes at different timescales and influenced the enrichment of organic matter,which has implications for subsequent energy exploration.

关键词： Cyclostratigraphy Milankovitch cycle Organic matter enrichment Paleoenvironmental Ordos Basin Chang 7 Member

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Deltas:a new classification expanding Bates's concepts

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2021年第3期10卷 341-355页

作者： carlos zavala Mariano Arcuri Mariano Di Meglio Agustin Zorzano German Otharan Ainara Irastorza Antonela Torresi Dpto.de Geologia Universidad Nacional del Sur(UNS)Bahia BlancaArgentina GCS Argentina SRL Molina Campos 1508000 Bahia BlancaArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas (CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina

Deltas constitute complex depositional systems formed when a land-derived gravity-flow(carrying water and sediments) discharges into a marine or lacustrine standing body of water. However, the complexity of deltaic sedimentary environments has been oversimplified by geoscientists over the years, considering just littoral deltas as the unique possible type of delta in natural systems. Nevertheless, a rational analysis suggests that deltas can be much more complex. In fact, the characteristics of deltaic deposits will depend on a complex interplay between the bulk density of the incoming flow and the salinity of the receiving water body. This paper explores the natural conditions of deltaic sedimentation according to different density contrasts. The rational analysis of deltaic systems allows to recognize three main fields for deltaic sedimentation, corresponding to(1) hypopycnal(2) homopycnal and(3) hyperpycnal delta settings. The hypopycnal delta field represents the situation when the bulk density of the incoming flow is lower than the density of the water in the basin. According to the salinity of the receiving water body, three different types of hypopycnal littoral deltas are recognized: hypersaline littoral deltas(HSLD), marine littoral deltas(MLD), and brackish littoral deltas(BLD). The basin salinity will determine the capacity of the delta for producing effective buoyant plumes, and consequently the characteristics and extension of prodelta *** littoral deltas(HOLD) form when the density of the incoming flow is roughly similar to the density of the water in the receiving basin. This situation is typical of clean bedload-dominated rivers entering freshwater lakes. Delta front deposits are dominated by sediment avalanches. Typical fallout prodelta deposits are absent or poorly developed since no buoyant plumes are generated. Hyperpycnal deltas form when the bulk density of the incoming flow is higher than the density of the water in the receivi

关键词： Deltas Hyperpycnal flows Homopycnal flows Hypopycnal flows Hyperpycnites Turbidites Sediment gravity flows Gravity flows

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High-frequency lacustrine sequence stratigraphy of clastic lakes:lessons from ancient successions

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第4期13卷 621-645页

作者： carlos zavala Hua-Qing Liu Xiang-Bo Li Valentin Trobbiani Yang Li Mariano Arcuri Agustin Zorzano Departamento de Geología Universidad Nacional del Sur(UNS)Bahía BlancaBuenos AiresArgentina GCS Consulting Services Bahía Blanca Buenos AiresArgentina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development-Northwest PetroChinaLanzhou 730020China Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Buenos AiresArgentina Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266590Shandong ProvinceChina

Sequence stratigraphic concepts and methods provide novel tools for performing stratigraphic analysis,allowing us to improve our understanding of depositional models and basin *** controls and depositional elements(e.g.,surfaces,systems tracts,parasequences,etc.)recognized in conventional sequence stratigraphy are designed for marine-related *** contrast,the sequence stratigraphy of lacustrine successions is much more complex and poorly understood,because it is not driven by sea-level changes,but by a complex interaction between tectonics and high-frequency climatic *** comprehensive analysis of the water balance of lacustrine systems allows the recognition of three types of lake conditions:Underfilled,balanced-fill and overfilled *** the lake conditions in ancient successions is fundamental for unraveling lacustrine sequence stratigraphy,since these conditions effectively control water salinity,internal stacking pattern and the characteristics of systems *** lakes are hydrologically closed lakes,and consequently,the lake-level can highly fluctuate,driven by high-frequency wet-dry climatic *** wet periods,rivers supply water and sediments,resulting in fining-and thinning-upward elementary depositional sequences(EDS's)accumulated during the transgressive systems tract(TST).In contrast,dry periods are characterized by a relative lake-level fall with the subaerial exposure of lake margin areas during the regressive systems tract(RST).Lake water salinity can fluctuate from brackish to ***-fill lakes are partially closed lakes,and consequently,they have characteristics of both underfilled and overfilled *** the TST,the lake is in underfilled condition,and consequently,the introduction of water and sediment will accumulate a fining-upward interval until reaching the spill point during the maximum *** RST is accumulated under an overfilled lake condition,with coarseningupwa

关键词： Lacustrine sequence stratigraphy Underfilled lakes Balanced-fill lakes Overfilled lakes Forced transgression Forced regression

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Hyperpycnal littoral deltas:A case of study from the Lower Cretaceous Agrio Formation in the Neuquén Basin,Argentina

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2021年第4期10卷 550-570页

作者： Ainara Irastorza carlos zavala Debora Mical Campetella Martín Turienzo Daniela Olivera Florencia Peralta Maite Irastorza Paula Martz Dpto.de Geología Universidad Nacional Del Sur(UNS)Bahía Blanca 8000Argentina Instituto Geologico Del Sur(INGEOSUR) Universidad Nacional Del Sur(UNS)-CONICETBahía Blanca 8000Argentina GCS Argentina SRL Molina Campos 150Bahía Blanca 8000Argentina Universidad Nacional Del Sur Bahía Blanca 8000Argentina Universidad Nacional de Río Negro.Instituto de Investigacion de Paleobiología y Geología General Roca 8332Río NegroArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas(CONICET) Instituto de Investigaciones en Paleobiología y GeologíaGeneral Roca 8332Río NegroArgentina

Recent advances in the understanding of deltaic deposits provide new tools for the study and analysis of deltaic deposits in shallow epicontinental *** the introduction of sequence stratigraphic concepts,meter-scale coarsening and thickening upward successions have been considered as“parasequences”originated by high-frequency sea-level ***,recent studies enhanced the importance of wave-aided low-dense hyperpycnal flows in transporting fine-grained sediments in shallow shelfal *** poorly-known(and at the same time very common)types of delta,known as hyperpycnal littoral deltas(HLD),develop very low gradient progradational units,controlled by changes in the sediment supply instead of sea level *** small-scale progradational units are very common in shallow epicontinental seas like the Lower Cretaceous Agrio Formation in the Neuquén *** study provides a first detailed analysis of hyperpycnal littoral deltas from the Agua de la Mula Member(upper Hauterivian-lower Barremian)of the Agrio *** unit has been studied in three locations near Bajada del Agrio locality in the central part of the Neuquén Basin,*** sandy facies,three heterolithic facies,three muddy facies and four calcareous facies were *** facies analysis,three facies associations could be determined,corresponding to offshore/prodelta,distal ramp delta and proximal ramp *** three stratigraphic sections discussed in this study are internally composed of several small-scale sequences showing a coarsening and thickening upward pattern,transitionally going from muddy to sandy wave-dominated facies,and ending with calcareous bioclastics levels on *** small-scale sequences are interpreted as delta front deposits of wave-influenced hyperpycnal littoral deltas,punctuated by calcareous intervals accumulated during periods of low sediment *** is interpreted that the development of hyperpycnal littoral deltas could have been

关键词： Deltas Hyperpycnal littoral deltas Prograding sequences Agua de la Mula Member Neuquén Basin

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异重流成因和异重岩沉积特征

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岩性油气藏 2018年第1期30卷 1-18页

作者： carlos zavala 潘树新 GCS Argentina 阿根延布兰卡港B8000JSZ 阿根廷国立南方大学地质学系阿根廷布兰卡港B8000CPB 中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院兰州730020

河流在洪水期携带大量陆源碎屑,当其入湖或入海后,由于洪水密度大于周围水体的密度,洪水发生下沉并沿盆地底部长距离运移,形成陆源下潜流或异重流。异重流形成的相关沉积岩被统称为异重岩。异重岩通常由一个底部的反粒序单元和一个顶部... 详细信息

河流在洪水期携带大量陆源碎屑,当其入湖或入海后,由于洪水密度大于周围水体的密度,洪水发生下沉并沿盆地底部长距离运移,形成陆源下潜流或异重流。异重流形成的相关沉积岩被统称为异重岩。异重岩通常由一个底部的反粒序单元和一个顶部的正粒序单元组成,反粒序单元反映了异重流能量的逐渐增强,正粒序反映了流体能量的逐渐减弱。异重流以3种方式搬运碎屑颗粒,即底载搬运、悬浮搬运和漂浮搬运。根据搬运方式的不同,异重岩分为3类岩相,即底载成因的B类岩相、悬载成因的S类岩相和漂浮物成因的L类岩相。异重流的沉积充填形成了河道、堤岸和朵叶体3类微相,内部岩相变化极为发育。异重岩的沉积特征虽然典型且较易识别,但是常被误认为是砂质碎屑流、滨岸相、三角洲相或河流相沉积。

关键词：异重流异重岩浊流深水沉积内乌肯盆地鄂尔多斯盆地松辽盆地西伯利亚盆地

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大型坳陷湖盆异重流成因的水道-湖底扇系统--以松辽盆地白垩系嫩江组一段为例

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石油勘探与开发 2017年第6期44卷 860-870页

作者：潘树新刘化清 zavala carlos 刘彩燕梁苏娟张庆石白忠峰中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院兰州730020 National University of the South San Juan B8000CPBArgentin 中国石油大庆油田公司黑龙江大庆163000

以松辽盆地齐家—古龙地区白垩系嫩江组一段为研究对象,通过地震沉积学、沉积构造和沉积序列等分析,发现异重流成因的大型水道—湖底扇系统,对大型坳陷湖盆深水区分布的异重流及其形成的异重岩进行研究,构建了陆相湖盆异重流成因的水道... 详细信息

以松辽盆地齐家—古龙地区白垩系嫩江组一段为研究对象,通过地震沉积学、沉积构造和沉积序列等分析,发现异重流成因的大型水道—湖底扇系统,对大型坳陷湖盆深水区分布的异重流及其形成的异重岩进行研究,构建了陆相湖盆异重流成因的水道—湖底扇沉积模式。研究表明,异重流发源于盆地边缘,经北部三角洲后在深水区形成完整的水道—湖底扇系统。自北向南依次发育顺直水道和弯曲水道,直线延伸距离超过80 km,宽度100~900 m;水道末端发育湖底扇,最大面积可达20 km^2。该系统主要以细粒沉积为主,发育块状砂岩和流水成因的沉积构造,内部发育侵蚀接触面,富含陆源有机质碎屑,具底床载荷和悬浮载荷兼有的形成机制。异重岩沉积序列表现为向上变粗和向上变细的旋回成对出现,反映洪水逐渐增强随后又减弱的动力学特点。

关键词：松辽盆地白垩系嫩江组一段浊流浊积岩异重流异重岩沉积特征水道—湖底扇系统

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一个由干湿交替极端气候事件主导的内陆湖盆:来自鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组露头剖面的沉积学证据

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地球科学 2023年第1期48卷 293-316页

作者：李相博刘化清杨伟伟张艳 carlos zavala 吉利民杨占龙郝彬黄军平王菁中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院甘肃兰州730020 中国石油集团油藏描述重点实验室甘肃兰州730020 中国石油长庆油田分公司勘探开发研究院陕西西安710018 GCS Argentina Molina Campos 150Bahía Blanca 8000 Departamento de Geología Universidad Nacional del SurSan Juan 670Bahía Blanca 8000 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院甘肃兰州730000

鄂尔多斯盆地是我国陆上最主要的油气盆地之一,三叠系延长组是该盆地的主要含油层位.通过对延长组典型露头的考察与研究,结合古生物及岩性岩相资料,取得了3点新认识:(1)恢复了延长组沉积时期的古气候环境,认为其具有三分性,其中早期拉... 详细信息

鄂尔多斯盆地是我国陆上最主要的油气盆地之一,三叠系延长组是该盆地的主要含油层位.通过对延长组典型露头的考察与研究,结合古生物及岩性岩相资料,取得了3点新认识:(1)恢复了延长组沉积时期的古气候环境,认为其具有三分性,其中早期拉丁期为干旱环境;中期受卡尼期梅雨事件(CPE)影响气候发生突变,转变为温暖潮湿气候环境;晚期诺利-瑞替期再次转变为半干旱-半湿润气候环境.(2)CPE事件改变了延长组沉积物搬运与沉积方式,其中CPE事件之前与事件之后的干旱环境时期,主要发育暴雨洪水引发的季节性河流、决口扇、决口河道沉积;CPE事件当中及卡尼中期,陆源碎屑物质主要通过异重流、浊流及砂质碎屑流等多种途径搬运至水下环境,形成富砂质重力流事件沉积,同时受CPE事件控制,在深水环境还发育了黑色富有机质页岩事件沉积.(3)建立了延长组干旱与潮湿两种环境沉积模式,干旱环境湖泊水域面积较小,主要沉积单元为洪泛平原、季节性河道及决口扇,主要沉积方式为填平补齐、加积式沉积,不发育前积沉积现象;潮湿环境湖泊水域面积较大,发育完整的陆相河流-三角洲-湖泊-重力流沉积体系,由于具有稳定的长流水,河道相对固定,加之受湖平面变化控制,其沉积方式以前积作用为主.该认识不仅对于深入探讨鄂尔多斯延长组大型坳陷湖盆形成演化机理、沉积层序充填演化及指导油气勘探实践有积极意义,而且对揭示晚三叠世全球极端气候事件在内陆湖盆的沉积学记录有积极意义,可以填补CPE事件在古特提斯东缘泛大陆内部沉积响应研究的空白.

关键词：干湿气候交替洪水事件梅雨事件沉积模式延长组晚三叠世鄂尔多斯盆地石油地质学

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Synchronization of Robot Manipulators Actuated By Induction Motors with Velocity Estimator

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2019年第11期121卷 609-630页

作者： Felipe J.Torres Gerardo V.Guerrero carlos D.García Ricardo zavala-Yoe Mario A.García Adolfo R.López University of Guanajuato Division of Engineering Campus Irapuato-SalamancaCarretera Salamanca-Valle de Santiago km 3.5+1.8GuanajuatoSalamanca36885México National Technological of Mexico/National Center of Research and Technological Development Av.Palmira S/N colonia PalmiraMorelosCuernavaca62490México School of Engineering and Sciences Monterrey TechnologicalPuente 222 Ejidos de HuipulcoCiudad de México14380México Superior Technological Institute of Irapuato Carretera Irapuato-Silao km 12.5GuanajuatoIrapuato36821México

A complete modeling(including the actuator dynamics)of a robot manipulator that uses three-phase induction motors is presented in this paper.A control scheme is designed to synchronize robot manipulators actuated by induction motors under a masterslave scheme in the case where the joint velocity of the slave robots is *** of the research on the synchronization of robot manipulators assumes the use of ideal actuators to drive the joints;for that reason,in this work,a three-phase induction motor is considered to be a direct-drive actuator for each *** entire model of the mated system is obtained by a combination of the dynamics of the induction motor and robot ***,the synchronization control algorithm for a master-slave scheme in both the joint space and workspace of robot manipulators driven by induction motors is *** observer based on the entire model is proposed to estimate the joint velocity of the slave robot *** the Lyapunov criterion,a stability analysis of the synchronization control with a velocity estimator is *** analytical results show the synchronization and estimation errors are globally,uniformly,and ultimately *** with multiple robots demonstrate the performance of the proposed control algorithm.

关键词： Synchronization robot manipulator induction motor Lyapunov stability observer based on the model

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