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Granitic inselbergs of Lara(Panafrican Chain,Far-North Cameroon):Assets for the implementation of geotourism in mountainous region

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Journal of mountain Science 2022年第11期19卷 3192-3212页

作者： zangmo.tefo.o.m ghislain NoUHoU DAmA Zouyane Hyacinthe GoUNTIÉDEDZo merlin mAFo DoNGmo Irène Department of Earth Sciences de la Terre Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MarouaP.O.Box 814 MarouaCameroon Department of Life and Earth Sciences High Teacher Training CollegeUniversity of MarouaP.O.Box 55MarouaCameroon

The locality of Lara(Far-North Region,Cameroon)is made up of a pediplain strewn with coalescent *** interaction of internal and external geological processes has contributed to transform the latter into inselbergs,whose geotouristic values are yet to be *** and laboratory work enabled us to select the geomorphosites through their aesthetic value(particular size and shape)and,geomorphological and geological ***,it permitted to study and map the geomorphosites using optic microscope,Google Earth,GIS software and many other ***,four inselbergs have been selected and studied in the locality of *** petrographic study of these inselbergs shows that granites are the main components of inselbergs and they present a fine to coarse-grained texture,materialized by quartz,micas,plagioclases and alkali feldspars(white and pink in colour).Inselbergs exhibit vertical and parallel networks of diaclases giving them a stratified appearance in some *** addition,on some inselberg limbs and piedmonts,are built tors which contribute to their *** tops of inselbergs,are embellished by several alluring pedestal *** their flanks,shelters of various shapes and sizes(about 12 m length)have developed through the heaps of blocks *** the ten shelters selected,some have a fairly high cultural value as they are sacred places for the local ***,Lara's granitic inselbergs include enclaves(cognate enclaves and xenocrysts)that also significantly improve their geoheritage *** are landforms with high education and aesthetic value that attracted a larger local and foreign population of about 863 visitors between *** constitute an exceptional geoheritage that could attract more tourists in the locality of Lara;but the promotion of geotourism is needed through interpretative panels,marketing of geomorphosites through leaflets,web,media,and geotours,to mention a few.

关键词： Lara Inselbergs Granite geoheritage Geotouristic activities

Typology of Natural Hazards and Assessment of Associated Risks in the mount Bambouto Caldera(Cameroon Line,West Cameroon)

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第5期83卷 1008-1016页

作者： ghislain T.zangmo Armand D.KAGoU David G.NKoUATHIo Pierre WANDJI Department of Earth Science Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DschangCameroon Laboratory of Geology High Teacher Training SchoolUniversity of Yaounde ICameroon

mount Bambouto is a polygenic stratovolcano of the Cameroon Volcanic Line, built between 21 ma and 4.5 ma. It is situated approximately 200 km NE of mount Cameroon, between 09° 55＇ and 10°15＇ longitude east and, 05°25＇ and 05°50＇ latitude north. The volcano covers an area of 500 km^2 and culminates at 2740 m at meletan dome and bears a collapsed caldera at the summit （13 × 8 km）. mount Bambouto is characterized by several natural hazards of different origins： meteorological, such as landslides and rock falls; anthropogenic, such as bushfires, tribal wars and deforestation; and volcanological, such as volcanic eruption. The thematic map shows that 55-60% of the caldera has high probability of occurrence of mass movement. The caldera has a high population density （3000 inhabitants）, which increases the level of risk, evaluated at approximately $US3.8 million for patrimony, 3000 civilian deaths and destruction of biodiversity.

关键词： caldera hazard risk assessment mount Bambouto Cameroon Line

Study of multi-origin Hazards and Assessment of Associated Risks in the Lefo Caldera (Bamenda Volcano, Cameroon Line)

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International Journal of Geosciences 2014年第11期5卷 1300-1314页

作者： zangmo.tefo.o.m ghislain Nkouathio David Guimolaire Kagou Dongmo Armand Gountie Dedzo merlin Kamgang Pierre Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Life and Earth Science High Teacher Training College University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon

The Bamenda Volcano (BV) (2621 m) is a stratovolcano situated in the Cameroon Line (CL). BV includes mount Lefo (2534 m) which is situated on its southern slopes and contains one elliptical caldera (3 × 4 km). This caldera is propitious to farming and breeding activity. Despite these profitable assets, Lefo caldera (LC) is an amphitheater of the occurrence of multi-origin hazards that have direct or indirect impacts on the biodiversity and human patrimony. The most present hazards are those of meteorological origin. Numerous combined factors (steepest slopes, heavy rainfalls, weathered state of volcanic products…) rule these hazards. These factors gave rise to the occurrence of landslides, gullies erosion and rock falls which occur precisely on caldera northern and eastern rims. Hazards of anthropogenic origin are based on the destruction of the vegetation cover by the population for dealing, firewood and building issues. moreover, during the breeding activity, the cattle covers the caldera throughout the day;this unevens the topography and destroys the meadow. Hazards of volcanological origin are not yet occurring in LC;but the recent Lake monoun (1984) and Nyos (1986) Co2 eruptions, mount Cameroon eruptions (1999 and 2000) and mount oku Lake event (2011) which are close to the BV and, the age of 0 myr of basalt, constitutes a subject of controversy toward the reactivation of the Cameroonian hotspot faults. The assessment of risks in LC was based on the average income of breeding activity and house investment. The economy of LC is valued at about US$527472.527. The level of such risk will be important in case of loss of human beings and the destruction of geomorphosites’ values. In order to reduce the level of looses in this zone, hazard and risks maps are provided in this paper as well as some recommendations.

关键词： Hazards Risk Anthropogenic Activities Lefo Caldera

Typology of Natural Hazards and Assessment of Associated Risks in the mount Bambouto Caldera(Cameroon Line,West-Cameroun)

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 66-66页

作者： zangmo.tefo.o.m ghislain Kagou Dongmo Armand Nkouathio David Guimolaire Wandji Pierre Department of Earth Science University of Dschang Laboratory of Geology ENSUniversity of Yaounde IB.P.47 Yaounde

mount Bambouto is a polygenic stratovolcano of the Cameroon Volcanic Line,built between 21 ma and 4.5 ma(Nkouathio et al.,2008).It is situated at about 200 km NE of mount Cameroon,at 09°55′and 10°15′East and,05°25′and 05°50′*** volcano covers an area of 500 Km^2 and culminates at 2740 m at meletan hill and bears a collapsed elliptical caldera at the summit(13×8 km).mount

关键词： Cameroon Line mount Bambouto caldera hazards risks

Neurostimulation for fecal incontinence after correction of repair of imperforate anus

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2017年第3期5卷 124-127页

作者： Alexandre Bougie Nathalie mcFadden Sandeep mayer michel Lebel ghislain Devroede Surgery Department Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de SherbrookeFaculté de MédecineUniversité de Sherbrooke medicine Department NeurologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de SherbrookeFaculté de MédecineUniversité de Sherbrooke

We are reporting the case of a 32-year-old female who had suffered from fecal incontinence(FI). She was born with an imperforate anus and a recto-vaginal fistula; she underwent repair at 6 mo of age. At 29 years of age, she was still fecally incontinent despite extensive pelvic floor reeducation. A magnetic resonance imaging and an anal electromyography were performed. Because her symptoms were considered to be probably due to extra-sphincteric implantation of the neo-anus, a redo was performed of the recto-neo-anal intra-sphincteric anastomosis. A neurostimulator device was subsequently implanted for persistent incontinence. Solid and liquid FI resolved, and her quality of life improved markedly. Combining surgery to correct the position of the neo-anus within the anal sphincter complex and neurostimulation could thus become a new approach in cases of refractory FI for patients with imperforate anus as a newborn. Follow-up into adulthood after pediatric imperforate anus surgery should be recommended for adult patients with persistent FI.

关键词： Fecal incontinence Congenital malformation Neuromodulation Neurostimulation Imperforate anus

Elaboration and validation of Crohn's disease anoperineal lesions consensual definitions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第29期23卷 5371-5378页

作者： Clémence Horaist Vincent de Parades Laurent Abramowitz Paul Benfredj Guillaume Bonnaud Dominique Bouchard Nadia Fathallah Agnès Sénéjoux Laurent Siproudhis ghislain Staumont manuelle Viguier Philippe marteau Department of Digestive Disease Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Le Raincy-Montfermeil Department of Proctology Hopital Saint-Joseph Institut Léopold Bellan Department of Proctology and Digestive Diseases University Hospital Bichat Department of Digestive Diseases Clinique des Cèdres Department of Proctology Hopital Bagatelle Department of Proctology Centre Hospitalier Privé Rennes de Saint-Grégoire Department of Digestive Diseases Pontchaillou University Hospital Department of Proctology Clinique St Jean Languedoc AP-HP H0pital Saint Louis Dermatology and Denis Diderot-Paris 7 University Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06 75005 Paris France INSERm-ERL 1157 CHU Saint-Antoine 27 75012 Paris France CNRS UMR7203 75012 Paris France APHP Hépatologie et Gastroentérologie Hopital Saint Antoine

To establish consensual definitions of anoperineal lesions of Crohn’s (APLoC) disease and assess interobserver agreement on their diagnosis between experts. mETHoDSA database of digitally recorded pictures of APLoC was examined by a coordinating group who selected two series of 20 pictures illustrating the various aspects of APLoC. A reading group comprised: eight experts from the Société Nationale Française de Colo Proctologie group of study and research in proctology and one academic dermatologist. All members of the coordinating and reading groups participated in dedicated meetings. The coordinating group initially conducted a literature review to analyse verbatim descriptions used to evaluate APLoC. The study included two phases: establishment of consensual definitions using a formal consensus method and later assessment of interobserver agreement on the diagnosis of APLoC using photos of APLoC, a standardised questionnaire and Fleiss’s kappa test or descriptive statistics. RESULTSTerms used in literature to evaluate visible APLoC did not include precise definitions or reference to definitions. most of the expert reports on the first set of photos agreed with the main diagnosis but their verbatim reporting contained substantial variation. The definitions of ulceration (entity, depth, extension), anal skin tags (entity, inflammatory activity, ulcerated aspect), fistula (complexity, quality of drainage, inflammatory activity of external openings), perianal skin lesions (abscess, papules, edema, erythema) and anoperineal scars were validated. For fistulae, they decided to follow the American Gastroenterology Association’s guidelines definitions. The diagnosis of ulceration (κ = 0.70), fistulae (κ = 0.75), inflammatory activity of external fistula openings (86.6% agreement), abscesses (84.6% agreement) and erythema (100% agreement) achieved a substantial degree of interobserver reproducibility. CoNCLUSIoNThis study constructed consensual definitions of APLoC and the

关键词： Crohn’s disease Anoperineal lesions Fistula Interobserver agreement

Assessing Water Resources Access of Nouhao Sub-Basin, Burkina Faso

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2023年第4期15卷 149-164页

作者： Wendkuni ghislain Noba Lucien Damiba Ali Doumounia Inoussa Zongo François Zougmore Department of Physics Laboratory of Materials and Environment (LA.M.E) Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso WaterAid International Program Department Research and Knowledge Management in West Africa Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institute of Sciences (IDS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso National Center of Scientific and Technological Research Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Water resource access in the Nouhao sub-basin, assessed based on the availability of drinking water mobilization facilities, the availability of water for uses and the quality of drinking water, revealed that in 2017 the basin was covered by 1249 modern water point, main drinking water sources. on average, the sub-basin shows a ratio of 271 users per drinking water point. Communal level shows some disparity with Bittou recording the highest number of people per drinking water point, i.e., around 537. Water that can be captured in the entire sub-basin meets only 42% of the total water needs from the three mains uses: irrigation, domestic consumption and livestock. The highest demander among these uses is Irrigation with 75% of the need, i.e., approximately 12,859,995 m3. Water in 33% drinking sources of this sub basin is of poor quality. Arsenic, one of the quality parameters studied, is found in some communes of the sub-basin. 11% of the water points in Bissiga are arsenic polluted making this commune the most arsenic contaminated location. The vulnerability maps deducted from lack of water for uses;lack of drinking water works and poor water quality shows so, the exposure level of the sub-basin’ communes to some potential risks related to low water resources access.

关键词： Water Resources Nouhao Sub-Basin Access to Water modern Water Points Vulnerability

Relationship between Climate and Groundwater Recharge in the Besseke Watershed (Douala – Cameroon)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2011年第8期3卷 607-619页

作者： Feumba Roger Ngounou Ngatcha Benjamin Tabue Youmbi Jean ghislain Ekodeck Georges Emmanuel 不详

In Douala, economic capital of Cameroon, annual rainfall and temperature from its meteorological station (latitude: 4o00'N;longitude: 9o43'E;elevation: 5.0 m) were obtained and analysed to investigate the impact of climate variability on groundwater recharge. The climate shows a strong evidence of changes towards persistent weather conditions. The region is mainly characterized by a mean inter-annual temperature of 27.4oC and influenced by the mount Cameroon (4095 m in elevation). A recent decrease in mean annual rainfall occurred since 1982. The average annual rainfall which was 4200 mm with about 220 days of rainfall from 1917 to 1937 has moved to 4049 mm for the period 1937-1957, to 3826 mm for the period 1968-1988 and to 3619 mm for the period 1971-2001. Between, 1997 and 2007, the total number of days of rainfall has not exceeded 220 (193 days of rainfall in 1998 and 216 days of rainfall in 1999). By using Gauss law on 31 years (1971-2001) of annual rainfall, one note that the value 2850 mm has 20% of luck to be not observed and the value 4219 mm has 20% of luck to be exceeded. Douala already suffers from water shortage not because of decrease of rainfall but due to quality of underground water and salty taste of the main river catched for water supply. moreover, precipitation is considered as the main replenishment source of all water resources in the study area (watershed of Besseke). The calculated interannual groundwater recharge rate (potential recharge, not necessarily real) is about 9% compared to the interannual total precipitation received by this area located closer the Atlantic ocean (Gulf of Guinea). Groundwater discharge from the aquifer occurs between November and march.

关键词： Cameroon (Douala Besseke) Climate Variability Impact Water Balance Recharge

Relationship between Urban Floristic Diversity and Ecosystem Services in the moukonzi-Ngouaka Neighbourhood in Brazzaville, Congo

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open Journal of Ecology 2020年第12期10卷 788-821页

作者： Victor Kimpouni Josérald Chaîph mamboueni ghislain Bileri-Bakala Charmes maï det massamba-makanda Guy médard Koussibila-Dibansa Denis makaya cole Normale Supérieure Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo Institut National de Recherche Forestière Brazzaville Congo

The relationship between ecosystem services and urban phytodiversity is being studied in the moukonzi-Ngouaka district of Brazzaville. Urban forestry, a source of well-being for the inhabitants, is associated with socio-cultural foundations. The surveys concern flora, ethnobotany, socio-economics and personal interviews. The 60.30% naturalized flora is heterogeneous and closely correlated with traditional knowledge. The Guineo-Congolese endemic element groups are 39.27% of the taxa, of which 3.27% are native to Brazzaville. Ethnobotany recognizes 48.36% ornamental taxa;28.36% food taxa;and 35.27% medicinal taxa. Some multiple-use plants are involved in more than one field. The supply service, a food and phytotherapeutic source, provides the vegetative and generative organs. of the 52.31% of recognized taxa, 33.45% essentially provide leaves and 18.50% fruits. The main obsession of plant introduction being 1) food and phytotherapeutic, and 2) aesthetic, obscures other ecosystem services such as fuelwood and income, provided by NTFPs, pillars of poverty alleviation.

关键词： Congo Arboriculture Urban Forestry Traditional Knowledge Ecosystem Services Floristic Diversity