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Review on Hydrogen Embrittlement of Press-hardened Steels for Automotive Applications

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2023年第7期36卷 1123-1143页

作者： z.wang Q.Lu z.H.Cao H.Chen M.X.Huang J.F.wang General Motors China Science Lab Shanghai201206China Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong Kong999077China Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Press-hardened steel(PHS)with an ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of 1500 MPa has been widely used in automotive body-in-white in the last two decades,due to its ultra-high strength and excellent formability that is achieved by hot stamping ***,the application of PHS with UTS exceeding 1500 MPa in automotive industry could be deferred due to the increased risk of hydrogen *** reduce this kind of risk,recent research efforts have been focused on various ways to optimize the microstructure of *** present review intends to summarize these efforts,to highlight present solutions to address hydrogen embrittlement,and to shed light on directions for future *** influence of microstructure on the hydrogen embrittlement of PHS has been discussed in terms of both the steel substrate and the surface *** substrate part covers the influence of martensite,carbides,inclusions,and retained austenite,while the surface part covers decarburization and oxidation,pre-coating,and trimming.

关键词： Hot stamping Press-hardened steels Coating-free Hydrogen embrittlement Fracture Al-Si coating

Fatigue Behavior of Cemented Carbide Die in Cold Forging of Steel

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2001年第1期17卷 51-52页

作者： z.wang and K.Dohda Dept. of Mechanical System Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan Gifu Univ Dept Mech Syst Engn Gifu Japan

The fatigue behavior of cemented carbide die under service load in the multistage cold forging of steel was investigated. It was found that the fatigue cracks do not initiate at the stress concentration position and the crack initiation position can be classified to three types. The crack initiation position can be predicted by FEM only when the plastic deformation of the die is considered.

关键词： Fatigue Behavior of Cemented Carbide Die in Cold Forging of Steel

(Q)SAR modelling of nanomaterial toxicity:A critical review

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Particuology 2015年第4期13卷 1-19页

作者： Ceyda Oksel Cai Y.Ma Jing J.Liu Terry Wilkins Xue z.wang Institute of Particle Science and Engineering School of Chemical and Process EngineeringUniversity of Leeds School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology

There is increasing recognition that some nanomaterials may pose a risk to human health and the environment. Moreover, the industrial use of the novel engineered nanomaterials （ENMs） increases at a higher rate than data generation for hazard assessment; consequently, many of them remain untested. The large number of nanomaterials and their variants （e.g., different sizes and coatings） requiring testing and the ethical pressure towards nonanimal testing means that in a first instance, expensive animal bioassays are precluded, and the use of（quantitative） structure-activity relationships （（Q）SARs） models as an alter- native source of （screening） hazard information should be explored. （Q）SAR modelling can be applied to contribute towards filling important knowledge gaps by making best use of existing data, prioritizing the physicochemical parameters driving toxicity, and providing practical solutions for the risk assessment problems caused by the diversity of ENMs. This paper covers the core components required for successful application of （Q）SAR methods to ENM toxicity prediction, summarizes the published nano-（Q）SAR studies, and outlines the challenges ahead for nano-（Q）SAR modelling. It provides a critical review of （1） the present availability of ENM characterization/toxicity data, （2） the characterization of nanostructures that meet the requirements for （Q）SAR analysis, （3） published nano-（Q）SAR studies and their limitations, （4） in silico tools for （Q）SAR screening of nanotoxicity, and （5） prospective directions for the development of nano-（Q）SAR models.

关键词： Nanomaterial toxicity Nanotoxicology QSAR NanoSAR In silico toxicity prediction

Imaging protein crystal growth behaviour in batch cooling crystallisation

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016年第1期24卷 101-108页

作者： Jing J.Liu Cai Y.Ma Xue z.wang School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Institute of Particle Science and Engineering School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Leeds

The temporal and spatial growth behaviour of protein crystals, subject to different cooling strategies in protein crystallisation was investigated. Although the impact of temperature and cooling rate on crystal growth of small molecules was well documented, much less has been reported on their impact on the crystallisation of proteins. In this paper, an experimental set-up is configured to carry out such a study which involves an automatic temperature controlled hot-stage crystalliser fitted with a real-time imaging system. Linbro parallel crystallisation experiments(24-well plate) were also conducted to find the suitable initial conditions to be used in the hot-stage crystallisation experiments, including the initial concentration of HEW lysozyme solutions, precipitate concentration and pH value. It was observed that fast cooling rates at the early stage led to precipitates while slow cooling rates produced crystal nuclei, and very slow cooling rates, much smaller than for small molecules are critical to the growth of the nuclei and the crystals to a desired shape. The interesting results provide valuable insight as well as experimental proof of the feasibility and effectiveness of cooling as a means for achieving controlled protein crystallisation, compared with the evaporation approach which was widely used to grow single large crystals for X-ray diffraction study. Since cooling rate control can be easily achieved and has good repeatability, it suggests that large-scale production of protein crystals can be effectively achieved by manipulating cooling rates.

关键词： Hot-stage reactor On-line imaging of crystal growth Hen-Egg-White lysozyme cooling crystallisation Protein crystallisation Real-time in-process imaging

Characterising Mechanical Properties of Flowing Microcapsules Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2022年第1期14卷 79-100页

作者： T.Lin z.wang R.X.Lu W.wang Y.Sui School of Engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E14NSUnited Kingdom Department of Mechanical Engineering University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

Deformable microcapsules are widely used in industries and also serve as a mechanical model of living biological *** this study,we develop a novel method,by integrating a deep convolutional neural network(DCNN)with high-fidelity mechanistic capsule modelling,to identify the membrane constitutive law and estimate associated parameters of a microcapsule from its steady deformed profile in a capillary *** with conventional inverse methods,the present approach is more accurate and can increase the prediction throughput rate by a few orders of *** can process capsules with large deformation in inertial ***,the method can predict the capsule membrane shear elasticity,area dilatation modulus and initial inflation from a single steady capsule *** explore the mechanism that the DCNN makes decisions by considering its feature maps,and discuss their potential implication on the development of inverse *** present method provides a promising tool which may enable high-throughput mechanical characterisation of microcapsules and biological cells in microfluidic flows.

关键词： Microcapsules flow cytometry deep convolutional neural network high throughput mechanical characterisation

Optical properties of znO and Mn-doped znO nanocrystals by vapor phase transport processes

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Nano-Micro Letters 2009年第1期1卷 45-48页

作者： z.wang X.Y.Ma J.W.Song J.H.Yao School of Mathematics and Physics Suzhou University of Science and Technology Nankai University

In this paper we investigated the optical properties of znO and Mn doped znO nanocrystals that were fabricated by a vapor phase transport growth process, using zinc acetate dihydrate with or without Mn in a constant O2/Ar mixture gas flowing through the furnace at 400600℃, respectively. The as grown znO nanocrystals are homogeneous with a mean size of 19 nm observed by scanning electron microscope（SEM）. The optical characteristics were analyzed by absorption spectra and photoluminescence（PL） spectra at room-temperature. For znO nanocrystals, a strong and predominant UV emission peaked at 377 nm was found in the PL spectra. For Mn doped znO nanocrystals, in addition to the strong UV emission, a strong blue emission peaked at 435 nm was observed as well. By doping Mn ions, the major UV emission shifts from 377 nm to 408 nm, showing that Mn ions were not only incorporated into znO Ncs, but also introduced an impurity level in the bandgap. Moreover, with the concentration of Mn increasing, the relative intensities of the two emissions change largely, and the photoluminescence mechanism of them is discussed.

关键词： znO and Mn-doped znO nanocrystals Optical properties Vapor phase transport growth

Properties of Co_2FeAl Heusler Alloy Nano-particles Synthesized by Coprecipitation and Thermal Deoxidization Method

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第3期29卷 245-248页

作者： J.H.Du Y.L.zuo z.wang J.H.Ma L.Xi Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education Lanzhou University

Co2FeAl nanoparticles were synthesized by reducing the coprecipitated precursor of COCl2·6H2O, Fe（NO3）3·9H2O and AI2（SO4）3·18H2O under H2 atmosphere with various annealing temperatures and durations. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the crystal structure and microstructure of Co2FeAl particles, respectively. The investigation indicates that the crystal structure of CO2FeAI particles tends to be B2 structure, in which atoms are partially ordered. The saturation magnetization and hyperfine field of CO2FeAI particles, which were measured under a vibrating sample magnetometer and a 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscope, are consistent with those of the bulk sample and thin films. Furthermore, the higher annealing temperature and the longer annealing time, the better crystallinity of CO2FeAI and more ordered arrangement of atoms will be. It turned out that the coprecipitation thermal deoxidization method could be an easy and high efficient way to obtain the half-metallic CO2FeAI nanoparticles.

关键词： Heusler alloy Coprecipitation Magnetic property

Novel immunotherapy approaches for metastatic urothelial and renal cell carcinoma

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Asian Journal of Urology 2016年第4期3卷 268-277页

作者： zhiying Shao Andrew z.wang Daniel J.George Tian zhang Department of Medical Oncology The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityJiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer BiotherapyCancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsuChina Department of Radiation Oncology Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina-Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA Division of Medical Oncology Department of MedicineDivision of UrologyDepartment of SurgeryDuke Cancer InstituteDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA Division of Medical Oncology Department of MedicineDuke Cancer InstituteDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA

The treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma(RCC)and urothelial carcinoma(UC)remains a major *** research has implicated the immune system in tumor surveillance of both malignancies,leading to the application of immunotherapy agents for both *** them,the most promising agents are the checkpoint blockade drugs,such as antibodies targeting the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4(CTLA-4),programmed death receptor 1(PD-1),and PD-1 ligand(PD-L1).In normal physiology,these immune checkpoints act as inhibitory signals to fine-tune the duration and strength of immune reactions,which is pivotal for maintaining ***,tumor cells also utilize immune checkpoint pathways to evade anti-tumor immune response,leading to disease progression and ***,there has been intense preclinical and clinical effort focused on the application of checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic RCC and *** date,nivolumab(anti-PD-1)and atezolizumab(anti-PD-L1)have been approved for the treatment of metastatic RCC and UC,*** these successes,challenges remain in how to further improve response rates to immunotherapy and how to select patients that will benefit from this *** this report,we review existing data and research on immunotherapy in metastatic RCC and UC.

关键词： Immune checkpoint inhibitors Nivolumab Atezolizumab Pembrolizumab Renal cell carcinoma Urothelial carcinoma

Stroke Care in 2006,Did We Make Any Progress?

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中国卒中杂志 2007年第2期 91-94页

作者： David z.wang OSF Stroke Center & Network University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria USA Vascular Neurology Fellowship

As it was in the past, stroke care made exciting progress but at the same time, there was disappointment in 2006. Although many clinical trials have published their results in the areas ranging from stroke risk factor management, stroke prevention, acute stroke intervention, complication management to rehabilitation, very few conclusions can be applied to our clinical practice. While we continue to gain knowledge on the risk factor management, such as the need to aggressively lowering cholesterol, we need more data on the efficacy and safety of carotid artery stenting. The search for more effective therapies to treat acute ischemic strokes and intracerebral hemorrhages *** it was in the past, stroke care made exciting progress but at the same time, there was disappointment in 2006. Although many clinical trials have published their results in the areas ranging from stroke risk factor management, stroke prevention, acute stroke intervention, complication management to rehabilitation, very few conclusions can be applied to our clinical practice. While we continue to gain knowledge on the risk factor management, such as the need to aggressively lowering cholesterol, we need more data on the efficacy and safety of carotid artery stenting. The search for more effective therapies to treat acute ischemic strokes and intracerebral hemorrhages continues.

关键词： Stroke Care in 2006,Did We Make Any Progress We