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Ghost-YOLO v8: An Attention-Guided Enhanced small Target Detection Algorithm for Floating Litter on Water surfaces

Computers, Materials and Continua 2024年第3期80卷 3713-3731页

作者： Huangfu z. Li s. Yan L. school of information Engineering North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power Zhengzhou 450046 China

Addres.ing the challenges.in detecting surface floating litter in artificial lakes, including complex environments, uneven illumination, and susceptibility to noise and weather, this paper proposes an efficient and lightweight Ghost-YOLO (You Only Look Once) v8 algorithm. The algorithm integrates advanced attention mechanisms and a small-target detection head to significantly enhance detection performance and efficiency. Firstly, an sE (squeez.-and-Excitation) mechanism is.incorporated into the backbone network to fortify the extraction of resilient features and precise target localiz.tion. This mechanism models feature channel dependencies, enabling adaptive adjustment of channel importance, thereby improving recognition of floating litter targets. secondly, a 160 × 160 small-target detection layer is designed in the feature fusion neck to mitigate semantic information loss due to varying target scales. This design enhances the fusion of deep and shallow semantic information, improving small target feature representation and enabling better capture and identification of tiny floating litter. Thirdly, to balance performance and efficiency, the GhostConv module replaces part of the conventional convolutions.in the feature fusion neck. Additionally, a novel C2fGhost (CsPDarknet53 to 2-stage Feature Pyramid Networks Ghost) module is.introduced to further reduce network parameters. Lastly, to address the challenge of occlusion, a new loss function, WioU (Wise intersection over Union) v3 incorporating a flexible and non-monotonic concentration approach, is adopted to improve detection rates for surface floating litter. The outcomes of the experiments demonstrate that the Ghost-YOLO v8 model proposed in this paper performs well in the dataset Marine, significantly enhances precision and recall by 3.3 and 7.6 percentage points, respectively, in contrast with the base model, mAP@0.5 and mAP 0.5:0.95 improve by 5.3 and 4.4 percentage points and reduces the computational volu

关键词： attention mechanism ghostnet loss function small target detection head surface floating litter target detection YOLO v8

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A New Method for Deriving High-Vertical-Resolution Wind Vector Data from the L-Band Radar sounding system in China

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Advances.in Atmospheric s.iences 2024年第11期41卷 2192-2202页

作者： Yuan F. z.ou z. Liao J. National Meteorological information Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China

High-vertical-resolution radiosonde wind data are highly valuable for describing the dynamics of the meso- and microscale atmosphere. However, the current algorithm used in China’s L-band radar sounding system for calculating high-vertical-resolution wind vectors exces.ively smooths the data, resulting in significant underes.imation of the calculated kinetic energy of gravity waves compared to similar products from other countries, which greatly limits the effective utiliz.tion of the data. To address this.issue, this study proposes a novel method to calculate high-vertical-resolution wind vectors that utiliz.s the elevation angle, az.muth angle, and slant range from L-band radar. in order to obtain wind data with a stable quality, a two-step automatic quality control procedure, including the RMsE-F (root-mean-square error F) test and elemental consistency test are first applied to the slant range data, to eliminate continuous erroneous data caused by unstable signals or radar malfunctions. Then, a wind calculation scheme based on a s.iding second-order polynomial fitting is utiliz.d to derive the high-vertical-resolution radiosonde wind vectors. The evaluation results demonstrate that the wind data obtained through the proposed method show a high level of consistency with the high-resolution wind data observed using the Vaisala Global Positioning system and the data observed by the new Beidou Navigation sounding system. The calculation of the kinetic energy of gravity waves.in the recalculated wind data also reaches a level comparable to the Vaisala observations. © ins.itute of Atmospheric Physics/Chinese Academy of s.iences, and s.ience Press 2024.

关键词： high-vertical-resolution radiosonde wind vectors L-band radar sounding system polynomial fitting quality control upper air

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Dynamics of a rotating ring-s.iffened sandwich conical shell with an auxetic honeycomb core

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第6期45卷 963-982页

作者： s.JAHANGiRi A.GHORBANPOUR ARANi z.KHODDAMi MARAGHi Department of solid Mechanics Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of KashanKashan ***Iran Faculty of Engineering Mahallat Institute of Higher EducationMahallat ***Iran

The free vibration analysis of a rotating sandwich conical shell with a reentrant auxetic honeycomb core and homogenous.isotropic face layers reinforced with a ring support is *** shell is modeled utiliz.ng the first-order shear deformation theory(FsDT)incorporating the relative,centripetal,and Coriolis accelerations alongside the initial hoop tension created by the *** governing equations,compatibility conditions,and boundary conditions are attained using Hamilton’s *** trigonometric functions,an analytical solution is derived in the circumferential direction,and a numerical one is presented in the meridional direction via the differential quadrature method(DQM).The effects of various factors on the critical rotational speeds and forward and backward frequencies of the shell are *** present work is the first theoretical work regarding the dynamic analysis of a rotating sandwich conical shell with an auxetic honeycomb core strengthened with a ring support.

关键词： free vibration conical shell rotating shell ring support auxetic honeycomb

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Probing the Bardeen-Kiselev black hole with the cosmological constant caused by Einstein equations coupled with nonlinear electrodynamics using quasinormal modes and greybody bounds

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Communications.in Theoretical Physics 2024年第6期76卷 102-119页

作者： s R Wu B Q Wang z.W Long College of Physics Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China College Pharmacy Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyang 550025China

in this work,we inves.igate a static and spherically symmetric Bardeen-Kiselev black hole(BH)with the cosmological constant,which is a solution of the Einstein-non-linear Maxwell field *** compute the quasinormal frequencies for the Bardeen-Kiselev BH with the cosmological constant due to electromagnetic and gravitational *** varying the BH parameters,we discuss the behavior of both real and imaginary parts of the BH quasinormal frequencies and compare these frequencies with the Reissner-Nordström-de sitter BH surrounded by quintessence(RN-dsQ).interes.ingly,it is shown that the responses of the Bardeen-Kiselev BH with the cosmological constant and the RN-dsQ under electromagnetic perturbations are different when the charge parameter q,the state parameter w and the normaliz.tion factor c are varied;however,for the gravitational perturbations,the responses of the Bardeen-Kiselev BH with the cosmological constant and the RN-dsQ are different only when the charge parameter q is ***,compared with the gravitational perturbations,the electromagnetic perturbations can be used to understand nonlinear and linear electromagnetic fields.in curved spacetime *** interes.ing observation is that,due to the presence of Kiselev quintessence,the electromagnetic perturbations around the Bardeen-Kiselev BH with the cosmological constant damps faster and os.illates slowly;for the gravitational perturbations,the quasinormal mode decays slowly and os.illates *** also study the reflection and trans.is.ion coefficients along with the absorption cross section in the Bardeen-Kiselev BH with the cosmological constant;it is shown that the trans.is.ion coefficients will increase due to the presence of Kiselev quintessence.

关键词： quasinormal modes greybody factors Bardeen-Kiselev black hole with cosmological constant

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screening and identification of salt tolerance soybean varieties and germplasms

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Oil Crop s.ience 2024年第3期9卷 204-210页

作者： Chen L. Peng L. Ouyang W. Yao H. Ye Y. shan z. Cao D. Chen s. Yang z. Huang Y. Han B. sha A. z.ou X. Chen H. Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic improvement of Oil Crops Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430062 China College of Agriculture Yangtze University Jingzhou 434000 China

s.il saliniz.tion is a globally prevalent abiotic environmental stress. The imbalance of ions caused by high concentrations of sodium chloride results.in a 40% reduction in soybean yield. soybean, as an important crop for s.il quality improvement, neces.itates the identification of salt-tolerant varieties and germplasms to effectively utiliz. and enhance saline-alkali land. in this study, we assessed the salt tolerance of 435 soybean varieties and germplasms during the seedling stage. Among them, Qihuang34, You2104, Hongz.udou, Pamanheidou, and Osage exhibited grade 1 salt tolerance rates surpas.ing other tested materials. Furthermore, Hongz.udou and Qihuang34 demonstrated higher salt tolerance during germination and emergence stages based on their elevated rates of emergence, salt tolerance index, chlorophyll content, and shoot fresh weights. Overall findings provide valuable resources for molecular breeding efforts aimed at developing salt-tolerant soybean varieties s.itable for cultivation in saline-alkali s.ils. © 2024 the Oil Crop Research ins.itute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture s.iences

关键词： Germination and emergence stage Germplasms salt tolerance seedling stage soybean Varieties

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Production and achievements of sesamum indicum industry in the world: Past and current state

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Oil Crop s.ience 2024年第3期9卷 187-197页

作者： sanni G.B.T.A. Ez.n V. Chabi i.B. Mis.ihoun A.A. Florent Q. Hamissou z. Niang M. Ahanchede A. Department of Crop Production Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi 01 Cotonou BP 526 Benin Laboratory of Valoriz.tion and Quality Management of Food Bio-ingredients Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou 01BP 526 Benin Laboratory of Genetic and Biotechnology Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Abomey-Calavi BP 526 Cotonou Benin Department of Vegetal Production Abdou Moumouni University Faculty of Agronomy BP: 10960 Niger isRA-CERAAs Thiès-Escale Thiès BP 3320 Senegal

sesame production is.important in agriculture, food industry, and the crop diversity due to its rich nutritional profile and health benefits. Des.ite its significant value, sesame is s.ill an orphan crop that has received little s.ientific attention, resulting in low yield compared to other major oilseed crops. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the present state of production, knowledge, and research advancements concerning sesamum indicum on a global scale. The FAOsTAT database was extensively used to examine the global trends from 1961 to 2021. in the past 60 years, global sesame production has substantially increased, with Asia and Africa being the primary producers. The integration of omics technologies and biotechnological interventions has revolutioniz.d our understanding of the genetic basis of sesame, enhanced productivity, invigorated stress resilience, and improved seed quality. High-throughput sequencing methods such as RNA-seq, RAD-seq, sLAF-seq, and GBs technology are used in various studies, linkage mapping, and identification of trait-associated markers. Fine linkage maps, and multi-omics studies such as genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics have been employed in sesame research for gene and QTL mapping. Proteins and metabolic pathways related to oil content, yield, and stress tolerance were reported. Genes and QTLs related to yield and its components, drought, salt, and osmotic stress tolerance were discovered. Candidate genes associated with capsule shattering and seed shattering were recently revealed. For more achievement in sesame, it is.important to enhance sesame production efficiency through mechaniz.tion, advanced agricultural practices, and knowledge dissemination to farmers. MAs and multi-omics.integration should be particularly reinforced. The advancements.in sesame production present a significant and promising opportunity for farmers, governments, and stakeholders.in the agricultural sector. © 2024 the Oil

关键词： Genetic markers Oil yield Omics.improvement sesame industry sesamum indicum

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Construction of 2D/2D Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene/Cds heterojunction with photothermal effect for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production

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Journal of Materials s.ience & Technology 2024年第4期171卷 1-9页

作者： T.Y.Huang z.Yang s.Y.Yang z.H.Dai Y.J.Liu J.H.Liao G.Y.z.ong z.J.Xie Y.P.Fang s.s.z.ang Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureCollege of Materials and EnergySouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510643China school of Physics and Optoelectronics South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China school of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy SystemsDongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China

The insensitivity of semiconductors to visible and infrared light is a key constraint on the utiliz.tion of light energy in photocatalytic *** photocatalysts with full-spectrum absorption through surface engineering is an effective approach to fully harnes.ing light energy in semiconductor ***,a novel stable Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene/Cds heterojunction catalyst is obtained by in-situ epitaxial growth of two-dimensional(2D)Cds nanosheets on 2D MXene interface via a solvothermal *** exceptional light absorption properties of MXene confer outstanding full-spectrum driven photocat-alytic hydrogen evolution capability upon the heterogeneous *** unique 2D/2D structure effectively mitigated the recombination of photogenerated carriers,enhancing the photocatalytic performance of the ***,the composite catalyst exhibits a significantly higher surface temperature of 80.4℃under visible light irradiation at an intensity of 0.1 W/cm^(2),which is 1.84 times higher than that of *** irradiation of visible and near infrared light,the composite catalyst with photothermal ef-fect demonstrates a remarkable hydrogen evolution rate of 65.4 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1),which is 7.2 times higher than that of Cds *** study introduces a novel approach for constructing full-spectrum absorption catalysts and expands the application of the photothermal effect in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution research.

关键词： Two-dimensional structure Heterostructure Photothermal effect Photocatalyst Hydrogen evolution

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Four Late-type Galaxies with Double Radio Lobes and Properties of such Galaxies

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第4期24卷 84-90页

作者： z.s.Yuan X.Y.Gao z.L.Wen J.L.Han National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAs Key Laboratory of FAsT National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China school of Astronomy and space s.iences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The triggering mechanism for radio lobes from late-type galaxies.is not fully *** samples are desired for a thorough inves.igation and *** utiliz.ng the optical data from the newly released Dark Energy spectroscopic instrument imaging surveys and the radio sources from the NRAO VLA sky survey and the Faint images of the Radio sky at Twenty-centimeter,we identify four Late-type Galaxies with double Radio Lobes(La GRLs):J0217-3645,J0947+6220,J1412+3723 and J1736+*** previously known La GRLs,we confirm the correlation between radio power P_(1.4GHz.and stellar mass M_(*)of host ***(25/35)La GRLs belong to the blue cloud galaxies,while the newly identified cases.in this work are located within the region of the red *** find a clear correlation between the differential radio power,i.e.,the offset from the P_(1.4GHz.-M_(*)relation,and the galaxy color,indicating that bluer galaxies at a fixed M_(*)tend to host more powerful radio ***,the majority(31/36)of La GRLs are either located in a galaxy group or displaying a disturbed *** suggest that all of the galaxy mass,color and surrounding environment could play important roles.in triggering radio lobes.in late-type galaxies.

关键词： galaxies:active galaxies:jets galaxies:s.iral radio continuum:galaxies

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Climate Changes and sustainability

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第1期14卷 17-53页

作者： Kholoud z. Ghanem Department of Biological s.ience College of Science & Humanities Shaqra University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Climate change is the phrase used to describe long-term changes.in temperatures and weather patterns. Changes.in the atmosphere and their interactions with diverse geologic, chemical, biological, and geographic variables are the main contributors to this cyclical adjustment of the Earth’s climate. such changes may be induced purposefully, because of burning fos.il fuels, clearing forests, and raising animals, or they may be natural, brought on by significant volcanic eruptions or variations.in the sun’s activity. By significantly increasing the amount of greenhouse gases already in the atmosphere, this heightens the greenhouse effect and contributes to global warming. This work includes several additional theoretical and practical explanations of sustainable development. The theoretical work encompasses hundreds of researches that identify requirements for how development routes might satisfy sustainable development (sD) criteria using economic theory, complex systems approach, ecological s.ience, and other techniques. The agreements made by the Parties.in various nations across the world will consider a wide range of perspectives about what would be considered undesirable effects on the environment, the climate system, sustainability, economic growth, or food production.

关键词： Earth system Ancient Climatic Changes Causes of Climatic Changes Ecological Risk Assessment Ecosystem Abrupt Climate Change of Earth sustainability

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Heart-Net: A Multi-Modal Deep Learning Approach for Diagnosing Cardiovascular Diseases

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Computers, Materials and Continua 2024年第3期80卷 3967-3990页

作者： Alsekait D.M. shdefat A.Y. Nabil A. Nawaz.A. Rana M.R.R. Ahmed z. Fathi H. AbdElminaam D.s. Department of Computer s.ience and information Technology Applied College Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh 84428 Saudi Arabia College of Engineering and Technology American University of the Middle East Egaila 15453 Kuwait Faculty of Computers s.ience Misr International University Cairo 11800 Egypt University ins.itute of information Technology PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi 46000 Pakistan Department of Computer s.ience International Islamic University Islamabad 04436 Pakistan Jadara Research Center Jadara University Irbid 21110 Jordan information system Department Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Benha University Banha 13511 Egypt MEU Research Unit Middle East University Amman 11831 Jordan

Heart disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, highlighting the need for improved diagnos.ic methods. Traditional diagnos.ics face limitations such as reliance on single-modality data and vulnerability to apparatus faults, which can reduce accuracy, especially with poor-quality images. Additionally, these methods often require significant time and expertise, making them less acces.ible in resource-limited settings. Emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning offer promising solutions by integrating multi-modality data and enhancing diagnos.ic precision, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. This study introduces Heart-Net, a multi-modal deep learning framework designed to enhance heart disease diagnosis by integrating data from Cardiac Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRi) and Electrocardiogram (ECG). Heart-Net uses a 3D U-Net for MRi analysis and a Temporal Convolutional Graph Neural Network (TCGN) for ECG feature extraction, combining these through an attention mechanism to emphasiz. relevant features. Clas.ification is performed using Optimiz.d TCGN. This approach improves early detection, reduces diagnos.ic errors, and supports personaliz.d risk assessments and continuous health monitoring. The proposed approach results show that Heart-Net significantly outperforms traditional single-modality models, achieving accuracies of 92.56% for Heartnet Dataset i (HNET-Dsi), 93.45% for Heartnet Dataset ii (HNET-Ds.i), and 91.89% for Heartnet Dataset iii (HNET-Ds.ii), mitigating the impact of apparatus faults and image quality issues. These findings underscore the potential of Heart-Net to revolutioniz. heart disease diagnos.ics and improve clinical outcomes. Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Tech s.ience Press.

关键词： clas.ification deep learning electrocardiogram Heart diseases magnetic resonance imaging

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