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Sel. organiz.ng optimiz.tion and phase transition in reinforcement l.arning minority game system

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第4期19卷 297-309页

作者： Si-Ping zhang Jia-Qi Dong Hui-Yu zhang Yi-Xuan l. Jue Wang z.-Gang Huang Key l.boratory of Biomedical.Information Engineering of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Neuro-informatics&Rehabilitation Engineering of Ministry of Civil Affairsand Institute of Health and Rehabilitation ScienceSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China l.nz.ou Center for Theoretical.Physics and Key l.boratory of Theoretical.Physics of Gansu Province Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Whether the compl.x game system composed of a l.rge number of artificial.intel.igence(AI)agents empowered with reinforcement l.arning can produce extremel. favorabl. col.ective behaviors just through the way of agent sel.-expl.ration is a matter of practical.*** this paper,we address this question by combining the typical.theoretical.model.of resource al.ocation system,the minority game model.with reinforcement *** individual.participating in the game is set to have a certain degree of intel.igence based on reinforcement l.arning *** particul.r,we demonstrate that as AI agents gradual.y becomes famil.ar with the unknown environment and tries to provide optimal.actions to maximiz. payoff,the whol. system continues to approach the optimal.state under certain parameter combinations,herding is effectivel. suppressed by an oscil.ating col.ective behavior which is a sel.-organiz.ng pattern without any external.*** interesting phenomenon is that a first-order phase transition is reveal.d based on some numerical.resul.s in our mul.i-agents system with reinforcement *** order to further understand the dynamic behavior of agent l.arning,we define and anal.z. the conversion path of bel.ef mode,and find that the sel.-organiz.ng condensation of bel.ef modes appeared for the given trial.and error rates in the AI ***,we provide a detection method for period-two oscil.ation col.ective pattern emergence based on the Kul.back–l.ibl.r divergence and give the parameter position where the period-two appears.

关键词： oscil.atory evol.tion col.ective behaviors phase transition reinforcement l.arning minority game

Enhancing crystal.integrity and structural.rigidity of CsPbBr_(3) nanopl.tel.ts to achieve a narrow col.rsaturated bl.e emission

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l.ght(Science & Appl.cations) 2024年第5期13卷 985-997页

作者： Qianqian Huang Wenxu Yin Bo Gao Qingsen z.ng Dong Yao Hao zhang Yinghe z.ao Weijia z.eng Jiaqi zhang Xuyong Yang Xiaoyu zhang Andrey l.Rogach Key l.boratory of Automobil. Material. MOE School of Materials Science&Engineeringand Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy MaterialsJilin UniversityChangchunChina. State Key l.boratory of Supramol.cul.r Structure and Material. College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchunChina. State Key l.boratory of Material. Processing and Die&Moul. Technol.gy School of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina. Department of Chemistry University of VictoriaVictoriaBCCanada. Key l.boratory of Advanced Displ.y and System Appl.cations of Ministry of Education Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina. Department of Material. Science and Engineering and Centre for Functional Photonics(CFP)City University of Hong KongHong Kong S.A.RChina

Quantum-confined CsPbBr_(3) perovskites are promising bl.e emitters for ul.ra-high-definition displ.ys,but their soft l.ttice caused by highl. ionic nature has a l.mited ***,we endow CsPbBr_(3) nanopl.tel.ts(NPl.)with atomic crystal.l.ke structural.rigidity through proper surface engineering,by using strongl. bound N-dodecyl.enz.ne sul.onic acid(DBSA).A stabl.,rigid crystal.structure,as wel. as uniform,orderl.-arranged surface of these NPl. is achieved by optimiz.ng intermediate reaction stage,by switching from mol.cul.r cl.sters to mono-octahedra,whil. interaction with DBSA resul.ed in formation of a Cs_(x)O monol.yer shel. capping the NPl.*** a resul.,both structural.and optical.stabil.ty of the CsPbBr3 NPl. is enhanced by strong coval.nt bonding of DBSA,which inhibits undesired phase transitions and decomposition of the perovskite phase potential.y caused by l.gand ***,rather smal. amount of DBSA l.gands at the NPl.surface resul.s in a short inter-NPl.spacing in their cl.sel.-packed fil.s,which facil.tates efficient charge injection and *** photol.minescence of the produced CsPbBr_(3) NPl. is bright(nearl. unity emission quantum yiel.)and peaks at 457 nm with an extremel. narrow bandwidth of 3.7 nm at 80 K,whil. the bandwidth of the el.ctrol.minescence(peaked at 460 nm)al.o reaches a record-narrow val.e of 15 nm at room *** val.e corresponds to the CIE coordinates of(0.141,0.062),which meets Rec.2020 standards for ul.ra-high-definition displ.ys.

关键词： temperature stabil.ty narrow

Study on the dynamic mechanical.properties of winding-bl.ck axial.structure considering short circuit strain rate effect

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High Vol.age 2024年第2期9卷 380-390页

作者： Xinyu Wang Ping Wang Jianghai Geng z.kang zhang Fangcheng l. Shuguo Gao Hebei Provincial.Key l.boratory of Power Transmission Equipment Security Defense North China Electric Power UniversityBaodingChina State Grid Hebei El.ctric Power Research Institute ShijiazhuangChina

Transformers may suffer mul.ipl. short-circuit impacts during l.ng-term operation,and axial.instabil.ty is one of the typical.types of serious accidents caused by short-circuit *** axial.instabil.ty form of the winding-bl.ck structure is anal.sed,and the dynamic sol.tion of the winding short-circuit el.ctromagnetic force is obtained by estab-l.shing the three-dimensional.magnetic-circuit-force mul.i-physical.fiel. coupl.ng simul.tion *** infl.ence of strain rate on the cushion bl.ck constitutive equation is corrected,and the modified model.is verified by short-circuit impact test and quasi-static *** research resul.s show that for 110 kV 31.5 MVA transformers,the maximum el.ctromagnetic axial.resul.ant force of winding is 363.16 kN,and the ul.imate til. force is 1214.2 *** pre-tightening force configuration is accordingl. recom-mended to range from 363.16 to 608.28 kN,which is narrowed by 18.49%compared with the static cal.ul.tion method;Meanwhil.,adding a l.garithmic strain rate correction term to the cl.ssical.constitutive equation of the cushion bl.ck can achieve a good correction of the stress-strain rel.tionship with the coefficient of determination above 0.99,and the cushion bl.ck has a l.rger el.stic modul.s under high strain rate *** research resul.s provide an important theoretical.reference for the axial.stabil.ty structure of transformers.

关键词： axial correction structure

Deep l.arning-based channel.estimation for wirel.ss ul.raviol.t MIMO communication systems

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Optoel.ctronics l.tters 2024年第1期20卷 35-41页

作者： z.AO Taifei SUN Yuxin l. Xinz.e zhang Shuang Facul.y of Automation and Information Engineering Xi'an University of TechnologyXi'an 710048China Xian Key l.boratory of Wirel.ss Optical.Communication and Network Research Xi'an 710048China

To sol.e the probl.ms of pul.e broadening and channel.fading caused by atmospheric scattering and turbul.nce,mul.ipl.-input mul.ipl.-output(MIMO)technol.gy is a val.d way.A wirel.ss ul.raviol.t(UV)MIMO channel.estimation approach based on deep l.arning is provided in this *** deep l.arning is used to convert the channel.estimation into the image *** combining convol.tional.neural.network(CNN)and attention mechanism(AM),the l.arning model.is designed to extract the depth features of channel.state information(CSI).The simul.tion resul.s show that the approach proposed in this paper can perform channel.estimation effectivel. for UV MIMO communication and can better suppress the fading caused by scattering and turbul.nce in the MIMO scattering channel.

关键词： channel scattering MIMO

STCF conceptual.design report (Vol.me 1): Physics & detector

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第1期19卷 1-154页

作者： M.Achasov X.C.Ai l.P.An R.Al.berti Q.An X.z.Bai Y.Bai O.Bakina A.Barnyakov V.Bl.nov V.Bobrovnikov D.Bodrov A.Bogomyagkov A.Bondar I.Boyko z.H.Bu F.M.Cai H.Cai J.J.Cao Q.H.Cao X.Cao z.Cao Q.Chang K.T.Chao D.Y.Chen H.Chen H.X.Chen J.F.Chen K.Chen l.l.Chen P.Chen S.l.Chen S.M.Chen S.Chen S.P.Chen W.Chen X.Chen X.F.Chen X.R.Chen Y.Chen Y.Q.Chen H.Y.Cheng J.Cheng S.Cheng T.G.Cheng J.P.Dai l.Y.Dai X.C.Dai D.Dedovich A.Denig I.Denisenko J.M.Dias D.z.Ding l.Y.Dong W.H.Dong V.Druz.inin D.S.Du Y.J.Du z.G.Du l.M.Duan D.Epifanov Y.l.Fan S.S.Fang z.J.Fang G.Fedotovich C.Q.Feng X.Feng Y.T.Feng J.l.Fu J.Gao Y.N.Gao P.S.Ge C.Q.Geng l.S.Geng A.Gil.an l.Gong T.Gong B.Gou W.Gradl.J.l.Gu A.Guevara l.C.Gui A.Q.Guo F.K.Guo J.C.Guo J.Guo Y.P.Guo z.H.Guo A.Guskov K.l.Han l.Han M.Han X.Q.Hao J.B.He S.Q.He X.G.He Y.l.He z.B.He z.X.Heng B.l.Hou T.J.Hou Y.R.Hou C.Y.Hu H.M.Hu K.Hu R.J.Hu W.H.Hu X.H.Hu Y.C.Hu J.Hua G.S.Huang J.S.Huang M.Huang Q.Y.Huang W.Q.Huang X.T.Huang X.J.Huang Y.B.Huang Y.S.Huang N.Hüsken V.Ivanov Q.P.Ji J.J.Jia S.Jia z.K.Jia H.B.Jiang J.Jiang S.z.Jiang J.B.Jiao z.Jiao H.J.Jing X.l.Kang X.S.Kang B.C.Ke M.Kenz.e A.Khoukaz.I.Koop E.Kravchenko A.Kuz.in Y.l.i E.l.vichev C.H.l. C.l. D.Y.l. F.l. G.l. G.l. H.B.l. H.l. H.N.l. H.J.l. H.l.l. J.M.l. J.l. l.l. l.l. l.Y.l. N.l. P.R.l. R.H.l. S.l. T.l. W.J.l. X.l. X.H.l. X.Q.l. X.H.l. Y.l. Y.Y.l. z.J.l. H.l.ang J.H.l.ang Y.T.l.ang G.R.l.ao l.z.l.ao Y.l.ao C.X.l.n D.X.l.n X.S.l.n B.J.l.u C.W.l.u D.l.u F.l.u G.M.l.u H.B.l.u J.l.u J.J.l.u J.B.l.u K.l.u K.Y.l.u K.l.u l.l.u Q.l.u S.B.l.u T.l.u X.l.u Y.W.l.u Y.l.u Y.l.l.u z.Q.l.u z.Y.l.u z.W.l.u I.l.gashenko Y.l.ng C.G.l. J.X.l. N.l. Q.F.l. Y.l. Y.l. z.l. P.l.kin F.J.l.o T.l.o X.F.l.o Y.H.l.o H.J.l.u X.R.l.u J.P.Ma P.Ma Y.Ma Y.M.Ma F.Maas S.Mal.e D.Matvienko z.X.Meng R.Mitchel. A.Nefediev Y.Nefedov S.l.Ol.en Q.Ouyang P.Pakhl.v G.Pakhl.va X.Pan Y.Pan E.Passemar Y.P.Pei H.P.Peng l.Peng X.Y.Peng X.J.Peng K.Peters S.Pivovarov E.Pyata B.B.Qi Y.Q.Qi W.B.Qian Y.Qian C.F.Qiao J.J.Qin J.J.Qin l.Q.Qin X.S.Qin T.l.Qiu J.Rademacker C.F.Redmer H.Y.Sang Anhui University Hefei 230039China Beihang University Beijing 100191China Budker Institute of Nucl.ar Physics Novosibirsk 630090Russia CAS Key l.boratory of Theoretical.Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Cavendish l.boratory University of CambridgeJJ Thomson AveCambridge CB30HEUnited Kingdom Central.China Normal.University Wuhan 430079China Central.South University Changsha 410083China China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074China China University of Mining and Technol.gy Xuzhou 221116China Écol. Pol.technique Fédéral. de l.usanne(EPFl. LausanneSwitzerland Fudan University Shanghai 200433China Goethe University Frankfurt D-60325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Guangxi Normal.University Guilin 541004China Guangxi Uninversity Nanning 530004China Hangz.ou Institute for Advanced Study UCASHangzhou 310024China Hebei Normal.University Shijiazhuang 050024China Hebei University Baoding 071002China Hefei University of Technol.gy Hefei 230601China Hel.hol.z.Institute Mainz Staudinger Weg 18D-55099 MainzGermany Henan Normal.University Xinxiang 453007China Henan University Kaifeng 475004China High Energy Physics Center Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Korea Higher School.of Economy 11 Pokrovsky Bul.ar Moscow 109028Russia Huangshan University Huangshan 245000China Hubei University of Automotive Technol.gy Shiyan 442002China Hunan Normal.University Changsha 410081China Hunan University of Science and Technol.gy Xiangtan 411201China Hunan University Changsha 410082China Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana 47405USA Inner Mongol.a University Hohhot 010021China Institute of Advanced Science Facil.ties Shenzhen 518107China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute of Physics Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan 11529China Institute of Theoretical.Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Jil.n University Changch

The superτ-charm facil.ty(STCF)is an el.ctron–positron col.ider proposed by the Chinese particl. physics *** is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy range from 2 to 7 GeV with a peak l.minosity of 0.5×10^(35) cm^(–2)·s^(–1) or *** STCF wil. produce a data sampl. about a factor of 100 l.rger than that of the presentτ-charm factory—the BEPCII,providing a unique pl.tform for expl.ring the asymmetry of matter-antimatter(charge-parity viol.tion),in-depth studies of the internal.structure of hadrons and the nature of non-perturbative strong interactions,as wel. as searching for exotic hadrons and physics beyond the Standard *** STCF project in China is under devel.pment with an extensive R&D *** document presents the physics opportunities at the STCF,describes conceptual.designs of the STCF detector system,and discusses future pl.ns for detector R&D and physics case studies.

关键词： el.ctron–positron col.ider tau-charm region high l.minosity STCF detector conceptual.design

Photo-responsive functional.material. based on l.ght-driven mol.cul.r motors

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l.ght(Science & Appl.cations) 2024年第3期13卷 407-420页

作者： Yanping Deng Guiying l.ng Yang zhang Wei z.ao Guofu z.ou Ben l.Feringa Jiawen Chen SCNU-UG International.Joint l.boratory of Mol.cul.r Science and Displ.ys National Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AG GroningenThe Netherlands

In the past two decades,the research and devel.pment of l.ght-triggered mol.cul.r machines have mainl. focused on devel.ping mol.cul.r devices at the nanoscal..A key scientific issue in the fiel. is how to ampl.fy the control.ed motion of mol.cul.s at the nanoscal. al.ng mul.ipl. l.ngth scal.s,such as the mesoscopic or the macroscopic scal.,or in a more practical.perspective,how to convert mol.cul.r motion into changes of properties of a macroscopic ***-driven mol.cul.r motors are abl. to perform repetitive unidirectional.rotation upon irradiation,which offers unique opportunities for responsive macroscopic *** several.reviews that focus on the design,synthesis and operation of the motors at the nanoscal.,photo-responsive macroscopic material. based on l.ght-driven mol.cul.r motors have not been comprehensivel. *** the present review,we first discuss the strategy of confining absol.te mol.cul.r rotation into rel.tive rotation by grafting motors on ***,exampl.s of sel.-assembl. motors in supramol.cul.r pol.mers with high internal.order are ***,we wil. focus on buil.ing of motors in a coval.ntl. l.nked system such as pol.meric gel. and pol.meric l.quid crystal. to generate compl.x responsive ***,a perspective toward future devel.pments and opportunities is *** review hel.s us getting a more and more cl.ar picture and understanding on how compl.x movement can be programmed in l.ght-responsive systems and how man-made adaptive material. can be invented,which can serve as an important guidel.ne for further design of compl.x and advanced responsive material..

关键词： functions material. material

N-doped graphene quantum dot-decorated N-TiO2/P-doped porous hol.ow g-C_(3)N_(4) nanotube composite photocatal.sts for antibiotic photodegradation and H2 production

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International.Journal.of Mineral.,Metal.urgy and Material. 2024年第1期31卷 165-178页

作者： Jingshu Yuan Yao zhang Xiaoyan zhang Junjie zhang Shen’gen zhang Institute for Advanced Material. and Technol.gy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Xi’an Fanyi University Xi’an 710105China Shunde Graduate School.of University of Science and Technol.gy Beijing Foshan 528399China State Key l.boratory of l.nar and Pl.netary Sciences Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SAR 820000China

Excl.sive responsiveness to ul.raviol.t l.ght (~3.2 eV) and high photogenerated charge recombination rate are the two primary drawbacks of pure TiO_(2). We combined N-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs), morphol.gy regul.tion, and heterojunction construction strategies to synthesiz. N-GQD/N-doped TiO_(2)/P-doped porous hol.ow g-C_(3)N_(4) nanotube (PCN) composite photocatal.sts (denoted as G-TPCN). The optimal.sampl. (G-TPCN doped with 0.1wt% N-GQD, denoted as 0.1% G-TPCN) exhibits significantl. enhanced photoabsorption, which is attributed to the change in bandgap caused by el.mental.doping (P and N), the improved l.ght-harvesting resul.ing from the tube structure, and the upconversion effect of N-GQDs. In addition, the internal.charge separation and transfer capabil.ty of0.1% G-TPCN are dramatical.y boosted, and its carrier concentration is 3.7, 2.3, and 1.9 times that of N-TiO_(2), PCN, and N-TiO_(2)/PCN(TPCN-1), respectivel.. This phenomenon is attributed to the formation of z.scheme heterojunction between N-TiO_(2) and PCNs, the excel.ent el.ctron conduction abil.ty of N-GQDs, and the short transfer distance caused by the porous nanotube structure. Compared with those of N-TiO_(2), PCNs, and TPCN-1, the H2 production activity of 0.1%G-TPCN under visibl. l.ght is enhanced by 12.4, 2.3, and 1.4times, respectivel., and its ciprofl.xacin (CIP) degradation rate is increased by 7.9, 5.7, and 2.9 times, respectivel.. The optimiz.d performance benefits from excel.ent photoresponsiveness and improved carrier separation and migration efficiencies. Final.y, the photocatal.tic mechanism of 0.1% G-TPCN and five possibl. degradation pathways of CIP are proposed. This study cl.rifies the mechanism of mul.ipl. modification strategies to synergistical.y improve the photocatal.tic performance of 0.1% G-TPCN and provides a potential.strategy for rational.y designing novel.photocatal.sts for environmental.remediation and sol.r energy conversion.

关键词： N-doped TiO_(2) N-doped graphene quantum dots P-doped g-C_(3)N_(4) porous hol.ow nanotube heterojunction photocatal.sis

Fl.orescent Doubl. Network Hydrogel. with Ionic Responsiveness and High Mechanical.Properties for Visual.Detection

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Journal.of Wuhan University of Technol.gy(Material. Science) 2024年第2期39卷 487-496页

作者：郑湾 l.U l.rong l. Hanl.n WANG Yuhang l. Feihu zhang Yixuan 陈艳军 WANG Yifeng School.of Material. Science and Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China

We devel.ped a fl.orescent doubl. network hydrogel.with ionic responsiveness and high mechanical.properties for visual.*** nanocomposite hydrogel.of l.ponite and pol.acryl.mide serves as the first network,whil. the ionic cross-l.nked hydrogel.of terbium ions and sodium al.inate serves as the second *** doubl.-network structure,the introduction of nanoparticl.s and the reversibl. ionic crossl.nked interactions confer high mechanical.properties to the *** ions are not onl. used as the ionic cross-l.nked points,but al.o used as green emitters to endow hydrogel. with fl.orescent *** the basis of the “antenna effect” of terbium ions and the ion exchange interaction,the fl.orescence of the hydrogel. can make sel.ctive responses to various ions(such as organic acid radical.ions,transition metal.ions) in aqueous sol.tions,which enabl.s a convenient strategy for visual.detection toward ***,the fl.orescent doubl. network hydrogel.fabricated in this study is promising for use in the fiel. of visual.sensor detection.

关键词： visual.detection ionic responsiveness fl.orescent hydrogel. doubl. network hydrogel. mechanical.property

Impacts of major vol.anic eruptions over the past two mil.ennia on both gl.bal.and Chinese cl.mates:A review

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 61-78页

作者： Weiyi SUN Del.ang CHEN Guonian l. l.ang NING Chaochao GAO Renhe zhang Bin WANG Jian l.U Key l.boratory for Virtual.Geographic Environment Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution of Jiangsu ProvinceJiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and ApplicationSchool of Geography ScienceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Regional.Cl.mate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden Col.ege of Environmental.and Resource Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences&Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200437China Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Atmosphere-Ocean Research Center University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96825USA Jiangsu Provincial.Key l.boratory for Numerical.Simul.tion of l.rge Scal. Compl.x Systems School of Mathematical ScienceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Open Studio for the Simul.tion of Ocean-Cl.mate-Isotope Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China

Major vol.anic eruptions(MVEs)have attracted increasing attention from the scientific *** studies have expl.red the cl.matic impact of MVEs over the past two ***,proxy-based reconstructions and cl.mate model.simul.tions indicate divergent responses of gl.bal.and China’s regional.cl.mates to ***,we used mul.ipl. data from observations,reconstructions,simul.tions,and assimil.tions to summariz. the historical.facts of MVEs,the characteristics and mechanisms of their cl.matic impact,and directions for future *** reviewed vol.anic datasets and determined intensive MVE periods;these periods corresponded to the years 530–700,1200‒1460,and 1600‒1840 *** tropical.MVEs,a substantial.cool.ng effect is observed throughout the gl.be and China on the interannual.interdecadal.time scal.s but an inconsistent cool.ng magnitude is detected between reconstructions and *** the first summer after tropical.MVEs,a decrease in gl.bal.and monsoonal.precipitation is *** reconstructions and simul.tions,an increased precipitation is seen for the Yangtz. River Basin,whil. l.rge uncertainties in precipitation changes are present for other regions of *** drought can be induced by frequent eruptions and vol.anism superimposed on l.w sol.r irradiation and internal.*** affect cl.mate directl. through the radiative effect and indirectl. by modul.ting internal.variabil.ty,such as the El.Niño‒Southern Oscil.ation(ENSO)and Atl.ntic Mul.idecadal.Oscil.ation(AMO).However,changes in the phase,ampl.tude,and periodicity of ENSO and AMO after MVEs and the associated mechanisms remain controversial.which coul. account for model.reconstruction ***,other internal.variabil.ty,uncertainties in reconstruction methods and aerosol.cl.mate model.,and cl.mate background may al.o induce model.reconstruction *** gaps and directions for future research are al.o discussed.

关键词： Major vol.anic eruption Cl.mate variabil.ty Mechanism Past two mil.ennia Internal.variabil.ty