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Risk factors for liver disease among adults of Mexican descent in the United States and Mexico

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第37期24卷 4281-4290页

作者： yvonne N Flores Zuo-Feng Zhang Roshan Bastani Mei Leng Catherine M Crespi Paula Ramírez-Palacios Heather Stevens Jorge Salmerón Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud Delegación MorelosInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialCuernavacaMorelos 62000México UCLA Department of Health Policy and Management and Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity Fielding School of Public HealthLos AngelesCA 90095United States UCLA Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterLos AngelesCA 90095United States UCLA Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research Los AngelesCA 90095United States UCLA Department of Biostatistics Fielding School of Public HealthLos AngelesCA 90095United States University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWA 98195United States Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Academic Epidemiology Research UnitAvenida Universidad 3000Ciudad UniversitariaCoyoacánMexico City 04510México Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional Instituto Nacional de Salud PúblicaCuernavacaMorelos 62100México

AIM To compare the prevalence of chronic liver disease(CLD) risk factors in a representative sample of MexicanAmericans born in the United States(US) or Mexico, to a sample of adults in *** Data for Mexican-Americans in the US were obtained from the 1999-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES), which includes persons of Mexican origin living in the US(n = 4274). The NHANES sample was restricted to Mexican-American participants who were 20 years and older, born in the US or Mexico, not pregnant or breastfeeding, and with medical *** data in Mexico were obtained from the 2004-2013 Health Worker Cohort Study in Cuernavaca, Mexico(n =9485). The following known risk factors for liver disease/cancer were evaluated: elevated aminotransferase levels(elevated alanine aminotransferase was defined as > 40 IU/L for males and females; elevated aspartate aminotransferase was defined as > 40 IU/L for males and females), infection with hepatitis B or hepatitis C,metabolic syndrome, high total cholesterol, diabetes,obesity, abdominal obesity, and heavy alcohol use. The main independent variables for this study classified individuals by country of residence(i.e., Mexico vs the US) and place of birth(i.e., US-born vs Mexico-born).Regression analyses were used to investigate CLD risk *** After adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics,Mexican-American males were more likely to be obese,diabetic, heavy/binge drinkers or have abdominal obesity than males in Mexico. The adjusted multivariate results for females also indicate that Mexican-American females were significantly more likely to be obese, diabetic, be heavy/binge drinkers or have abdominal obesity than Mexican females. The prevalence ratios and prevalence differences mirror the multivariate analysis findings for the aforementioned risk factors, showing a greater risk among US-born as compared to Mexico-born MexicanAmericans. CONCLUSION In this study, Mexican-Americans i

关键词： Liver disease Risk factors Health disparities Mexico Mexican Americans Latinos

An inverted triplesalen ligand by a convergent synthesis and its influence on trinuclear Fe_3~Ⅲ complexes

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第6期55卷 951-966页

作者： FELDSCHER Bastian KRICKEMEYER Erich MOSELAGE Marc THEIL Hubert HOEKE Veronika KAISER yvonne STAMMLER Anja BGGE Hartmut GLASER Thorsten Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I Fakultt für Chemie Universitt Bielefeld Universittsstr. 25 D-33615 Bielefeld Germany

The inverted triplesalen ligand H 6 feld Me has been synthesized from 2,4,6-triformyl-phloroglucinol and a ketimine salen half-unit in a convergent synthesis. NMR, IR, and UV-vis spectroscopy reveal that this ligand is not in the O-protonated tautomer but in the N-protonated tautomer with substantial heteroradialene contribution. This ligand and the conventional triplesalen ligand H 6 talen t-Bu 2 have been used to synthesize the trinuclear Fe III complexes [(feld Me )(FeCl) 3 ] and [(talen t-Bu 2 )(FeCl) 3 ], respectively. The molecular structures of these complexes were obtained by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Two trinuclear Fe III complexes of [(feld Me )(FeCl) 3 ] dimerize via two Fe-phenolate bonds, whereas due to steric hindrance no dimerization is observed for [(talen t-Bu 2 )(FeCl) 3 ]. The structural data also reveal some heteroradialene contribution in the trinuclear complexes. Whereas UV-vis and M bauer spectroscopy are not suitable to distinguish between the two complexes, FT-IR spectra show characteristic features due to the different substitution patterns of the conventional and the inverted triplesalen ligands. Another handle is provided by electrochemistry. Whereas both complexes exhibit an irreversible oxidation wave (0.94 V vs. Fc + /Fc for [(feld Me )(FeCl) 3 ] and 0.84 V vs. Fc + /Fc for [(talen t-Bu 2 )(FeCl) 3 ]), which is assigned to the oxidation of the central backbone, higher potential oxidations are reversible for [(talen t-Bu 2 )(FeCl) 3 ]) but irreversible for [(feld Me )(FeCl) 3 ]. This is attributed to the reversible oxidation of the terminal phenolates in the di-tert-butyl substituted [(talen t-Bu 2 )(FeCl) 3 ] in contrast to the mono-methyl-substituted phenolates in [(feld Me )(FeCl) 3 ]. The magnetic properties of [(talen t-Bu 2 )(FeCl) 3 ] reveal a very small ferromagnetic coupling with significant zero-field splitting of the FeⅢ S = 5/2 ions. In contrast, the dimerization of two trinuclear complexes in [(feld Me )(FeCl) 3 ] r

关键词：三核配合物氯化铁复合物合成收敛反铁磁相互作用单晶X-射线衍射紫外可见光谱

NF-κB promotes the stem-like properties of leukemia cells by activation of LIN28B

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2018年第4期10卷 34-42页

作者： Jianbiao Zhou Jing-Yuan Chooi Ying Qing Ching Jessie Yiying Quah Sabrina Hui-Min Toh yvonne Ng Tuan Zea Tan Wee-Joo Chng Cancer Science Institute of Singapore National University of Singapore Department of Medicine Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore Department of Hematology-Oncology National University Cancer Institute

AIM To examine whether nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) activity regulates LIN28 B expression and their roles in leukemia stem cell(LSC)-like properties. METHODS We used pharmacological inhibitor and cell viability assays to examine the relation between NF-κB and LIN28 B. Western blot and q RT-PCR was employed to determine their protein and m RNA levels. Luciferase reporter was constructed and applied to explore the transcriptional regulation of LIN28 B. We manipulated LIN28 B level in acute myeloid leukemia(AML) cells and investigated LSC-like properties with colony forming and serial replating assays. RESULTS This study revealed the relationship between NF-κB and LIN28 B in AML cells through drug inhibition and overexpression experiments. Notably,inhibition of NF-κB by pharmacological inhibitors reduced LIN28 B expression and decreased cell proliferation. We demonstrated that NF-κB binds to the-819 to-811 region of LIN28 B promoter,and transcriptionally regulates LIN28 B expression. LIN28 B protein was significantly elevated in NFκB1 transfected cells compared to vector control. Importantly,ectopic expression of LIN28 B partially rescued the self-renewal capacity impaired by pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB activity. CONCLUSION These results uncover a regulatory signaling,NF-κB/LIN28 B,which plays a pivotal role in leukemia stem cell-like properties and it could serve as a promising intervening target for effective treatment of AML disease.

关键词： Nuclear factor kappa B LIN28B Leukemia stem cell Acute myeloid leukemia

Development of methodology for quantitative landslide risk assessment—Example Gota river valley

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Natural Science 2014年第3期6卷 130-143页

作者： yvonne Andersson-Skold Stefan Falemo Marius Tremblay Swedish Geotechnical Institute(SGI) GoteborgSweden Department of Earth Sciences University of GothenburgGoteborgSweden COWI AB GoteborgSweden AF Infrastructure GoteborgSweden Tyréns Geotechnical EngineeringGoteborgSweden

Effective landslide risk management requires knowledge of the landslide risks. This paper presents a risk assessment methodology for semiregional scale. The landslide probability is assessed taking into account expected climatechange in the case study area (the G?ta river valley). Climate change is expected to result in increased erosion and water fluctuations. There are large areas with marine clays, often quick clay, in the area and the landslide process can be rapid with extensive damages and casualties. The consequence methodology includes a wide range of consequences assessed by monetary valuation. The consequences and the landslide probability are combined as pairs of values in a risk matrix and the risk is also presented on a map. The map has been used as discussion and decision bases in the municipalities in the G?ta river valley, in the county administration and on governmental level to estimate the needs of risk mitigation and to make priorities.

关键词： Landslide Risk Assessment Methodology Climate Change

The Poor Agricultural System in Africa, Who Is to Blame?

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第12期12卷 1375-1403页

作者： Eileen Bogweh Nchanji yvonne Kiki Nchanji Ivan Adolwa International Center for Tropical Agriculture Nairobi Kenya University of Eastern Finland Joensuu Finland African Plant Nutrition Institute Nairobi Kenya

Although agriculture is the backbone of the African economy, it has faced considerable challenges in the past sixty years. Africa has moved from being a self-sufficiency continent before the 1960s, to net food importers, with a handful of countries facing severe food shortages from drought, desertification, climate change and wars. In this article, we use the case of Northern Ghana to explore some of the salient dynamics that have resulted in the current crisis in the African agricultural sector over time. Using historical and contemporary evidence gathered from Northern Ghana during several field trips from 2013 to 2015, we argue that practices adopted as a result of colonial influence in combination with socio-economic and biophysical factors and ineffective economic policies have contributed immensely to the poor state of agriculture in Africa. Note should be taken that most of these economic policies have origins from the Structural Adjustment Policies and the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers. We conclude that our agricultural systems can be improved if policies are inclusive, equitable and sustainable and also if there are synergies between international or government organisations implementing agricultural projects over time and space.

关键词： Agricultural Policies Green Revolution Agricultural Transformation Vegetable Farming Northern Ghana

Alcohol dependence: Does the composition of the available beverages promote it?

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2012年第4期2卷 301-304页

作者： Mary W. Kuria yvonne Olando Department of Psychiatry University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

Affordability and availability of alcohol are factors that have been associated with alcohol dependence. Ethanol content in the alcoholic beverages is an important determinant in alcohol dependence. Quality control of alcoholic beverages available in the market is important in safeguarding the health of alcohol consumers. Few studies in Kenya have determined the chemical composition of alcohol used by the study participants. Objective: To determine the chemical composition of alcoholic beverages used by a group of alcohol dependent study participants. Design: The study was a clinical trial with pre and post measurements. Method: The CIDI and WHO-ASSIST were administered to 188 alcohol-dependent persons at intake and after six months. A researcher-designed socio demographic questionnaire was also administered at intake. Alcohol beverages were randomly collected from the location of the study area and their chemical composition analyzed using gas chromatography. Results: The mean AUDIT score of the participant was 28.6 for male and 26.6 for females. Three of the alcohol samples collected was illicit brews collected while 11 were licit. Four out of the eleven licit brews had ethanol levels that did not complied with the set government standards. Conclusion: Illicit brews with high ethanol content are available in the Kenyan market, while some of the manufacturers of the licit brew do not comply with government set content recommendations.

关键词： Alcoholic Beverages Ethanol Composition Illicit Licit

Re-Engineering QoS and Security in Cooperative Diversity Network

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Re-Engineering QoS and Security in Cooperative Diversity Net...

作者： yvonne DALLE NYAME 湖南大学

学位级别：硕士

从协作通信领域出版的大量文献可以看出,协作通信研究了许多问题,例如信息论的容量极限、协作协议、分布式空时编码设计、分布式信源编码、最佳的功率分配、跨层设计等等,尤其是关于安全性方面的问题。在近几年的文献中能看到关于协作... 详细信息

从协作通信领域出版的大量文献可以看出,协作通信研究了许多问题,例如信息论的容量极限、协作协议、分布式空时编码设计、分布式信源编码、最佳的功率分配、跨层设计等等,尤其是关于安全性方面的问题。在近几年的文献中能看到关于协作通信系统各种问题的详细研究。Van der Meulen在对中继信道的研究中最早提出并定义了“协作分集”的概念,随后Laneman和Sendonaris等人及其合作者继续对协作分集进行研究。协作分集是一种强大的利用分集减轻衰落的技术,它利用无线传输过程的广播特性,使目的节点以外的其他节点也能侦听传输信号。如果这些非目的节点(或中继节点)能够和源节点共享彼此的资源,它们形成的这个虚拟天线阵列能够在分布式系统中获得额外的空间分集增益。Laneman和Wornell等人研究了中继节点的放大转发(AF)和译码转发(DF)的传输协议。在他们的协作方案中,信息分为两个阶段传输：广播阶段和中继转发阶段。在广播阶段,源节点(或用户)广播要传送的信息到达目的节点(基站或者其他用户),而其他节点,例如落在传输范围内的中继节点则侦听数据。在转发阶段,如果中继使用AF协议,则中继节点通过放大接收到的信号信息并转发到目的节点,这样的话,目的节点接收来自广播和中继转发的两条链路的衰落信息;如果中继使用DF协议进行转发,广播过程与AF协议相同,但是中继节点要首先译码接收到的信号,然后再发送到目的节点。基于重复过程的协作协议能获得完全的空间分集增益,但是要以降低带宽利用率为代价,这是因为协作节点数目逐渐增多。由于这个原因,会产生一些经济问题。Salik等人研究了协作分集系统MAC层的潜在的安全问题,他列举了三种不同情况下的coopmac中继攻击：自私性(中继节点假设能转发信息到目的节点,但是中继丢弃了该数据包);而且他列举的第二种情况比第一种更严重,即当目的节点发送ACK信号时,中继会发送一个否定服务,使源节点永远不知道目的节点已经接收到信息;第三种情况是中继节点修改了负载信息(DF方式),并且把它发送到目的节点。然后目的节点与发送端直接交换信息,自愿地发送一些特权信息,Xiaohuan已经研究了物理层的安全性问题。但是,这种情况下的网络层安全问题还没有人进行研究。在网络中,有两个重要的方面必须要立刻解决,即QOS服务和安全性,特别是在相关网络中的关键特性和强大的时延约束方面。不幸的是,这在某种程度上存在冲突,因为服务质量QoS要减少处理时间,安全机制需要增加处理时间,这就导致了系统延迟和服务质量下降。另外,在实时的系统中,一些研究者对与QoS和安全机制的研究经常是独立的。协作分集网络因为自身的特点,在安全性方面有特殊的要求：非永久的无线链路、能量约束、带宽受限、计算能力和节点之间的连通性。这些特点使移动Ad hoc网络变得复杂,并且能够在困难条件下操作,也很容易受到各种安全问题的攻击,例如加密密钥管理、证书分发,管理信托节点之间的管理等。在协作网络的环境下,许多领域和应用都有不同关键程度的相互交换信息,尤其是通过中继的帮助。很明显,这些信息在关于安全性和QoS方面表现出不同级别的敏感性。考虑到这一点,本论文的目的是通过应对安全的威胁和避免数据流中断,来增加下一代移动通信网络的健壮性。本文研究的主题是安全问题。在任何一个网络中,发送端都希望能尽可能快速且安全地发送它的数据。很多攻击者都宣称自己在传输过程中有最短的和高的带宽利用率,例如虫洞攻击,并且攻击者使自己在网络中处于有利的战略位置,例如他们可以使用他们的位置信息。他们有节点之间的最短路径。在MANET中出现的最大问题是有限的电池能量,攻击者利用这个漏洞,并且试图保持节点清醒,直到节点失去其所有的能量,节点进入永久的睡眠。许多其他的攻击MANET,例如,水母袭击、修改攻击,错误路由攻击和路由表溢出都已经被研究过了。在这些网络中,主要的问题不在于物理介质,而是事实上的所有的节点是等价的,而且潜在的操作网络。融入网络的机会很大,入侵检测或拒绝服务(DoS)攻击在缺乏集中的网络更加困难。安全解决方案必须提供某些基本服务,如身份验证、完整性控制、保密性,可靠性和不可抵赖性。参考文献关于安全问题的解决方案大多数是基于对称的或不对称的加密算法。但是,移动Ad hoc网络的环境中与这些解决方案的主要问题是管理和分配的加密密钥。为整个网络提供了一个单一的证书颁发机构(CA)不是一个理想的解决方案,因为这种设计很容易在AC上受到攻击(DoS)。例如ARAN协议,整个网络使用一个单一的AC,如果AC节点被攻破,整个网络将受到损害。该解决方案不仅是可取的,但是却没有得到很好的网络拓扑的动态适应。在解决Ad hoc网络的安全性方面很有必要考虑这些网络的特殊性。

关键词：无线网络协作分集安全 DoS 集群

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中坦关系：教育合作案例

中坦关系：教育合作案例

作者： yvonne Geoffrey Juma 华东师范大学

学位级别：硕士

在过去的几十年里,中国在非洲的合作,援助和其他活动一直在增加。在非洲国家中,坦桑尼亚逐渐发展与中国的合作。本文通过对坦桑尼亚的案例研究,探讨了中国与非洲教育发展合作的方法。探讨了高等教育,职业培训,汉语,学校建设以及与多边... 详细信息

在过去的几十年里,中国在非洲的合作,援助和其他活动一直在增加。在非洲国家中,坦桑尼亚逐渐发展与中国的合作。本文通过对坦桑尼亚的案例研究,探讨了中国与非洲教育发展合作的方法。探讨了高等教育,职业培训,汉语,学校建设以及与多边组织合作等领域的发展合作。本文讨论了各种针对坦桑尼亚的中国教育援助,如:孔子学院(CIs),负责语言和文化相关培训,非洲学生奖学金,基础设施建设;和职业培训项目。本文从不同来源收集数据,包括政府统计,公司报告,二手学术文献,本地和国际新闻媒体,官方政府报告和研究。该研究提出中国与坦桑尼亚经济发展的不平衡和不平等是教育合作的主要挑战,研究表明,教育作为文明的代理人,在一定程度上影响了中国在坦桑尼亚的软实力。

关键词： “软实力” “合作” “教育” “坦桑尼亚” “中国

Nurses' views of fundamental relational skills used in clinical practice: a cross-sectional pilot study

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Frontiers of Nursing 2021年第3期8卷 223-232页

作者： Fiona Timmins Jan M.A.de Vries yvonne Muldowney Catherine Mc Cabe Jacqueline Whelan Sinead Buckley Sandra McCarthy The School of Nursing and Midwifery Trinity CollegeDublin 2Ireland Portlaoise General Hospital BallyroanPortlaoiseCo.LaoisIreland

Objective:Effective communication skills are one of the core competencies of nursing curricula *** are generally regarded as *** our complete trust in the profession,deficiencies and gaps ***,it is not clear to which extent nurses use key communication skills in practice,and whether or not confident in using these skills compounds environmental issues that *** study explored nurse’s confidence and application of relational skills competencies in nursing ***:A 13-item online survey was used to collect ***:Being self-aware on key areas where there was more *** also lacked confidence in exploring the impact of their personal feelings and values on their *** were also less confident on responding appropriately to instances of unsafe or unprofessional practice and using information and communication systems and ***:Given the potential impact of poor relational skills on quality client care,an increased emphasis on caring and compassion,and the ever-expanding use of communication technologies,there is a need to explore the need for reflective practice to enhance continuous professional development for nurses to enhance their relational skills.

关键词： communication relational nurse caring nursing competencies technology listening