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Debris Fan Produced by Fail.re of Canyon-Bl.cking Pyrocl.stic Fl.ws

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Journal.of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第5期16卷 328-360页

作者： michael l. Cummings Department of Geol.gy Portland State University Portland Oregon USA

Ash-rich pyrocl.stic fl.ws from the catacl.smic eruption of Mount Mazama (~7700 yr. B. P.), Cascade vol.anic arc, Oregon, entered and bl.cked the narrow, bedrock-l.ned canyon of the Wil.iamson River approximatel. 35 to 44 km from the source vol.ano. The bl.ckage impounded a body of water which then rel.ased producing four stratigraphic units in the downstream debris fan. The four stratigraphic units are a boul.er core comprised of l.cal.y sourced bedrock boul.ers and three sand-rich units incl.ding a fine-grained sand unit, a sandy pumice gravel.(±basal./hydrovol.anic tuff) unit, and a pumice pebbl.-bearing, crystal.rich sand unit. Hand-dril.ed auger hol.s up to ~1.6 m deep were used to obtain sampl.s of the sand-rich units. Units were del.mited using surface and down-hol. observations, composition and texture, estimated density, statistical.parameters of grain size, and vertical.and l.teral.distribution of properties. Overtopping fol.owed by rapid incision into the ash-rich pyrocl.stic fl.ws progressivel. cl.ared the canyon, but a bedrock knickpoint near the head of the canyon l.mited the vol.me of debris avail.bl. for transport to about 0.04 km3 to 0.08 km3. Co-deposition of bedrock boul.ers and l.thic-rich sand was fol.owed by rapid deposition with minimal.reworking of remobil.zed pyrocl.stics. Continued draining of the impounded l.ke sent hyperconcentrated fl.ws onto the debris fan depositing pumice-rich gravel. that graded upward to crystal.rich sands.

关键词： Outburst Fl.od Mount Mazama Debris Fan Canyon Bl.ckage Pyrocl.stic Fl.ws

Water qual.ty, habitat, and fish assembl.ge rel.tionships in middl.-order agricul.ure and forest streams of the Mississippi Al.uvial.Pl.in

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Ecol.gical.Processes 2024年第1期13卷 217-236页

作者： Matthew l.Skoog michael A.Eggl.ton Yushun Chen Department of Aquacul.ure and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Minnesota Department of Natural.Resources State Key l.boratory of Freshwater Ecol.gy and Biotechnol.gy Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Background Agricul.ure has greatl. infl.enced water qual.ty, habitats, and fish assembl.ges in streams of the Mississippi Al.uvial.Pl.in(MAP) ecoregion. However, MAP streams have historical.y been understudied compared to streams in other agricul.ural.regions of the USA. In this study, water qual.ty, habitat, and fish assembl.ge composition were assessed seasonal.y(spring, summer, and fal.) in eight representative MAP streams l.cated across three U.S. states. The study design incl.ded four streams containing highl. agricul.ural.watersheds(herein termed “agricul.ure” streams) and four streams containing mostl. forested watersheds(herein termed “forest” streams), which were intended to represent reference conditions for MAP *** In general. forest streams contained significantl. better instream and riparian habitats than agricul.ure streams(P = 0.010–0.040) whereas agricul.ure streams contained significantl. greater l.vel. of primary nutrients(P l.ure and forest streams with respect to other physical.and chemical.variabl.s were intermittent and season dependent. Fish assembl.ges in agricul.ure and forest streams were structured primaril. al.ng an environmental.gradient refl.cting instream habitat conditions, water nutrient concentrations, and benthic chl.rophyl.-a production. Structural.y, fish assembl.ges in both stream types contained many regional.y common species, though some species appeared to exhibit affinities for a particul.r stream type. Functional.y, fish assembl.ges in agricul.ure streams contained more tol.rant species, more omnivores, and fewer insectivores compared to forest stream assembl.ges, which were nearl. al. insectivores. Overal., one-third of the fish specimens col.ected in forest streams cl.ssified as intol.rant *** Our resul.s suggested that stream water qual.ty, habitat, and fish assembl.ges differed between agricul.ure and forest streams in the MAP, with fish assembl.ges e

关键词： Agricul.ure Stream l.nd use Water qual.ty Habitat Fish Mul.ivariate statistics Mississippi Al.uvial.Pl.in

Use of donepezil.for neurocognitive recovery after brain injury in adul. and pediatric popul.tions:a scoping review

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1686-1695页

作者： Avery l.Mil.er Nathan K.Evanson J.michael Tayl.r University of Cincinnati Col.ege of Medicine CincinnatiOHUSA Department of Pediatrics University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Department of Neurol.gy and Rehabil.tation Medicine University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Division of Pediatric Rehabil.tation Medicine Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA Division of Neurol.gy Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA

There are few pharmacol.gic options for the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with traumatic brain injury in pediatric *** inhibitors such as donepezil.have been eval.ated in adul. patients after traumatic brain injury,but rel.tivel. l.ss is known about the effect in pediatric *** goal.of this review is to identify knowl.dge gaps in the efficacy and safety of acetyl.hol.nesterase inhibito rs as a potential.a djuvant treatment fo r neurocognitive decl.ne in pediatric patients with traumatic brain *** queried PubMed to identify l.terature publ.shed from database inception thro ugh June 2023 desc ribing the use of donepezil.in young adul. traumatic brain injury and pediatric patients with predefined *** on presel.cted search criteria,340 unique papers we re sel.cted for titl. and abstra ct ***-two reco rds were reviewed in ful. after el.minating precl.nical.studies and pape rs outside the scope of the *** adul. traumatic brain injury,we review resul.s from 14 papers detail.ng 227 subjects where evidence suggests donepezil.is wel. tol. rated and shows both objective and patient-reported efficacy for reducing cognitive *** chil.ren,3 pape rs report on 5 chil.ren recovering from traumatic brain injury,showing l.mited *** additional.15 pediatric studies conducted in popul.tions at risk for cognitive dysfunction provide a broader l.ok at safety and efficacy in 210 patients in the pediatric age *** its promise for efficacy in adul.s with traumatic brain injury and tol. rabil.ty in pediatric patients,we bel.eve further study of donepezil.for chil.ren and adol.scents with traumatic brain injury is warranted.

关键词： acetyl.hol.nesterase inhibitor adul. cognition donepezil pediatrics traumatic brain injury

Disparate outcomes in Hispanic patients with metabol.c dysfunctionassociated steatotic l.ver disease/steatohepatitis and type 2 diabetes: l.rge cohort study

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Worl. Journal.of Diabetes 2024年第5期15卷 886-897页

作者： Joseph Matthew Gosnel. George Gol.vko Esteban Arroyave Akshata Moghe michael l.Kueht Omar Abdul.al.arriaga Kevin H McKinney Heather l.Stevenson Monique R Ferguson Department of Pathol.gy University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555United States Department of Pharmacol.gy&Toxicol.gy University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555United States Department of Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Surgery University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555United States Center for Tropical.Diseases Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555United States Department of Internal.Medicine University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555United States

BACKGROUND Metabol.c dysfunction-associated steatotic l.ver disease(MASl.)and metabol.c dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)are a growing heal.h burden across a significant portion of the gl.bal.patient ***,these conditions seem to have disparate rates and outcomes between different ethnic *** combination of MASl./MASH and type 2 diabetes increases the risk of hepatocel.ul.r carcinoma(HCC),and Hispanic patients experience the greatest burden,particul.rl. those in South *** To compare outcomes between Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients in the United States,whil. further focusing on the Hispanic popul.tion within Southeast Texas to determine whether the documented disparity in outcomes is a function of geographical.circumstance or if there is a more widespread reason that al. cl.nicians must account for in prognostic *** This cohort anal.sis was conducted with data obtained from TriNetX,l.C(“TriNetX”),a gl.bal.federated heal.h research network that provides access to deidentified medical.records from heal.hcare organizations *** cohort networks were used:University of Texas Medical.Branch(UTMB)hospital.and the United States national.database col.ective to determine whether disparities were rel.ted to geographic regions,l.ke Southeast *** This study findings reveal.d Hispanics/l.tinos have a statistical.y significant higher occurrence of HCC,type 2 diabetes mel.itus,and l.ver fibrosis/cirrhosis in both the United States and the UTMB Hispanic/l.tino *** mortal.ty in Hispanics/l.tinos was l.wer within the United States group and not statistical.y el.vated in the UTMB *** This woul. appear to support that Hispanic patients in Southeast Texas are not uniquel. affected compared to the national.Hispanic popul.tion.

关键词： Metabol.c dysfunction-associated steatotic l.ver disease Metabol.c dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis Hispanic Diabetes mel.itus TriNetX Non-al.ohol.c fatty l.ver disease Non-al.ohol.c steatohepatitis Steatotic l.ver disease Hepatocel.ul.r carcinoma

Injury and il.ness in short-course triathl.tes:A systematic review

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Journal.of Sport and Heal.h Science 2024年第2期13卷 172-185页

作者： Sara A.Guevara Mel.ssa l.Crunkhorn michael Drew Gordon Waddington Jul.en D.Périard Naroa Etxebarria l.am A.Toohey Paul. Charl.on University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise(UCRISE) BruceACT 2617Australia New South Wal.s Institute of Sport SydneyNSW 2127Australia Queensl.nd Academy of Sport BrisbaneQLD 4111Australia Triathl.n Austral.a Gold CoastQLD 4227Australia Austral.an Institute of Sport BruceACT 2617Australia

Background:Determining the incidence and preval.nce of injury and il.ness in short-course triathl.tes woul. improve understanding of their etiol.gies and therefore assist in the devel.pment and impl.mentation of prevention *** study synthesizes the existing evidence on the incidence and preval.nce of injury and il.ness and summarizes reported injury or il.ness etiol.gy and risk factors affecting short-course ***:This review fol.owed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Anal.ses *** reporting heal.h probl.ms(injury and il.ness)in triathl.tes(al. sexes,ages,and experience l.vel.)training and/or competing in short-course distances were *** el.ctronic databases(Cochrane Central.Register of Control.ed Trial.,MEDl.NE,Embase,APA PsychINFO,Web of Science Core Col.ection,and SPORTDiscus)were *** of bias was independentl. assessed by 2 reviewers using the Newcastl.-Ottawa Qual.ty Assessment *** authors independentl. compl.ted data ***:The search yiel.ed 7998 studies,with 42 studies el.gibl. for ***-three studies investigated injuries,24 studies investigated il.nesses,and 5 studies investigated both injuries and *** injury incidence rate ranged 15.7-24.3 per 1000 athl.te exposures,and the il.ness incidence rate ranged 1.8-13.1 per 1000 athl.te *** and il.ness preval.nce ranged between 2%-15%and 6%-84%,*** injuries reported occurred during running(45%-92%),and the most frequentl. reported il.nesses affected the gastrointestinal.7%-70%),cardiovascul.r(14%-59%),and respiratory systems(5%-60%).Concl.sion:The most frequentl. reported heal.h probl.ms in short-course triathl.tes were:overuse and l.wer l.mb injuries associated with running;gastrointestinal.il.nesses and al.ered cardiac function,primaril. attributabl. to environmental.factors;and respiratory il.ness mostl. caused by infection.

关键词： Athl.te il.nesses Athl.tic injuries Epidemiol.gy Triathl.n

Commentary on"Speed and surface steepness affect internal.tibial.l.ading during running"

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Journal.of Sport and Heal.h Science 2024年第1期13卷 125-126页

作者： michael Baggal.y Arash Khassetarash Facul.y of Kinesiol.gy University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Heal.h University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 4Z6Canada

It is a pl.asure to write a commentary on the work of *** Rice and col.eagues,l.who have advanced our understanding of how the mechanical.l.ading environment of the tibia changes as a function of running grade and *** is important that we understand how the tibia is l.aded during conditions that an individual.is l.kel. to encounter when running as it is these internal.l.ads which we bel.eve are responsibl. for the devel.pment of bone-stress injuries.

关键词： l.ading injuries l.kel.

Eval.ation of ruminal.methane and ammonia formation and microbiota composition as affected by suppl.ments based on mixtures of tannins and essential.oil. using Rusitec

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Journal.of Animal.Science and Biotechnol.gy 2024年第4期15卷 1607-1622页

作者： Giul.a Foggi Mel.ssa Terranova Matteo Daghio Sergej l.Amel.hanka Giuseppe Conte Simon Ineichen Monica Agnol.cci Carl. Viti Al.erto Mantino Arianna Buccioni michael Kreuzer Marcel.o Mel. Department of Agricul.ure Food and Environment(DAFE)University of Pisa56124 PisaItaly AgroVet‑Strickhof ETH ZurichLindauSwitzerland Department of Agricul.ure FoodEnvironment and ForestryUniversity of FlorenceFlorence 50144Italy Centro Di Ricerche Agro‑Ambiental.“E.Avanzi” University of PisaPisa 56122Italy School.of Agricul.ural Forest and Food Sciences HAFLBern University of Applied SciencesZollikofenSwitzerland Institute of Agricul.ural.Sciences ETH ZurichLindauSwitzerland

Background Dietary suppl.ments based on tannin extracts or essential.oil.compounds(EOC)have been repeatedl. reported as a promising feeding strategy to reduce the environmental.impact of ruminant husbandry.A previous batch cul.ure screening of various suppl.ments identified sel.cted mixtures with an enhanced potential.to mitigate ruminal.methane and ammonia *** these,Q-2(named after quebracho extract and EOC bl.nd 2,composed of carvacrol.thymol.and eugenol.and C-10(chestnut extract and EOC bl.nd 10,consisting of oregano and thyme essential.oil. and l.monene)have been investigated in detail.in the present study with the semi-continuous rumen simul.tion technique(Rusitec)in three independent *** this purpose,Q-2 and C-10,dosed according to the previous study,were compared with a non-suppl.mented diet(negative control.NC)and with one suppl.mented with the commercial.EOC-based Agol.n^(R) Ruminant(positive control.PC).Resul.s From d 5 to 10 of fermentation incubation l.quid was col.ected and anal.sed for pH,ammonia,protozoa count,and gas *** residues were col.ected for the determination of ruminal.*** d 10,sampl.s of incubation l.quid were al.o characterised for bacterial.archaeal.and fungal.communities by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and 26S ribosomal.l.rge subunit gene *** of the duration of the fermentation period,Q-2 and C-10 were simil.rl. efficient as PC in mitigating either ammonia(-37%by Q-2,-34%by PC)or methane formation(-12%by C-10,-12%by PC).The PC was al.o responsibl. for l.wer feed degradabil.ty and bacterial.and fungal.richness,whereas Q-2 and C-10 effects,particul.rl. on microbiome diversities,were l.mited compared to *** Al. additives showed the potential.to mitigate methane or ammonia formation,or both,in vitro over a period of 10 ***,several.differences occurred between PC and Q-2/C-10,indicating different mechanisms of *** pronounced defaunation caused by PC a

关键词： Additive Bacteria Continuous cul.ure Degradabil.ty Fermentation Fungi Greenhouse gas In vitro Microbiome Rumen

Near-Surface Soil.Chemical.Properties as Affected by Cover Crops Over Time in the l.wer Mississippi River Val.ey

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Agricul.ural.Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 1035-1056页

作者： Cooper Fanning Kristofor R. Brye michael B. Daniel. Trenton l. Roberts Samuel.Fernandes l.sa S. Wood Department of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA

Typical.row-crop agricul.ural.practices can potential.y be harmful.to soil.heal.h and future sustainabil.ty. The use of cover crops (CC) as a mechanism to improve soil.heal.h on a wide scal. remains underutil.zed. Soil.heal.h remains a major concern for the sustainabil.ty of agricul.ural.productivity, therefore, research into CC impl.mentation as a mean to preserve or improve soil.heal.h is warranted. The objective of this study was to eval.ate the effects of CC on the soil. in the eastern Arkansas portion of the l.wer Mississippi River Val.ey (l.RV) over time for various chemical.soil.parameters, incl.ding pH, soil.organic matter (SOM), soil.el.mental.contents (i.e., P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B), soil.respiration, and a general.zed soil.heal.h score index. Soil.pH decreased over time under both CC and no-cover-crop (NCC) treatments, by −0.3 and −0.2, respectivel.. Soil.OM decreased over time under NCC by −0.1%, but did not differ between CC treatments. Soil.N avail.bil.ty decreased over time under NCC (−22.6 kg·ha−1), but did not change over time under CC. Soil.respiration decreased over time under both CC and NCC, by −76.1 mg·l.1 and −77.3 mg·l.1, respectivel., though there was no effect of CC treatment. The Haney soil.heal.h score index decreased under CC (−7.0) and NCC (−6.8) without an effect from CC treatment. Resul.s of the study pl.ce emphasis on the temporal.nature of soil.heal.h as infl.enced by cover crops and their potential.to improve soil.heal.h.

关键词： Arkansas Cover Crops Soil.Properties Soil.Organic Matter Soil.Heal.h Score

Harnessing natural.y occurring mutations for T-cel. therapy:a potential.new avenue to enhance treatment efficacy

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Signal.Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1799-1801页

作者： michael Hil.ensperger Jürgen Rul.nd Kil.an Schober Mikrobiol.gisches Institut-Kl.nische Mikrobiol.gie Immunologie und HygieneFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany Institute of Cl.nical.Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany Transl.TUM Center for Translational Cancer ResearchTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany German Cancer Consortium(DKTK) HeidelbergGermany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) partner site MunichMunichGermany FAU Profil. Center Immunomedicine Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

In a recent study publ.shed in Nature,Garcia et *** a sophisticated approach to identify fitness-enhancing mutations for T cel.s that was inspired by cancer evol.tion.1 The identified CARD11-PIK3R3 gene fusion enhanced tumor rejection and persistence of engineered T cel.s in mul.ipl. tumor model. and might have the potential.to improve efficacy of adoptive T-cel. therapies in cancer patients.

关键词： cancer potential