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Recent Vegetation Cover Dynamics and Climatic Parameters Evolution Study in the Great Green Wall of Senegal

Journal of Environmental Protection 2023年第4期14卷 254-284页

作者： Bi Tra Olivier Gore Angora Aman yves kouadio Ody-Marc Duclos Environment and Tropical Climate Sciences Team UFR SSMT Universit&eacute F&eacutelix Houphou&eumlt Boigny Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire ASECNA Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire Fondation C&oelig ur Vert Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire

The drought recorded in 1970s and 1980s, particularly in the Sahara and Sahel region has greatly affected the population as well as the economies and the eco-systems of this area. In 2007, the African Union launched a Pan-African program, the Great Green Wall for the Sahara, the Sahel Initiative (GGWSSI) to reverse land degradation and desertification by planting a wall of trees stretching from Dakar to Djibouti. The objective is to improve food security, and support local people to adapt to climate change. This paper aims to evaluate the impacts of the reforestation program in Senegal, fifteen years after it was launched. This study uses a time series of satellite-derived vegetation cover and climatic parameters data to analyze the sustainability of these interventions. Change detection approaches were applied to identify and characterize the drives of the eventual changes. A comparative analysis of reforestation on climatic parameters was explored through the temporal analysis of the vegetation index over the periods 2000-2008 and 2009-2020. An increase in vegetation activity was noted through the NDVI at the interannual (+2% to +8%) and seasonal (+1.5% to 7% for the wet season and 1% to 4% for the dry season) scale and a positive and significant evolution is noted on the trace of the GGW. Also, the period 2009-2020 recorded an increase in rainfall of 2% to 8% of the average value 2000-2020 and 4% to 8% of the rainy season. Soil moisture is the climatic parameter that has increased the most, with an increase of 25% to 54% of the 2000-2020 average, i.e. between 20 mm and 70 mm more. This study shows a significant improvement in the relationship between NDVI and climate parameters after the different reforestation actions of the GGW.

关键词： Great Green Wall of Senegal Vegetation Index Precipitation Soil Moisture

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Estimation of the Carbon Sequestration Dynamics of Senegal’s Great Green Wall Based on Land Cover over the Past Three Decades

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2023年第12期14卷 954-983页

作者： Bi Tra Olivier Gore Angora Aman yves K. kouadio Ody-Marc Duclos Kazunao Sato LASMES UFR SSMT Universit&eacute F&eacutelix Houphou&eumlt Boigny Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire EAMAC ASECNA Niamey Niger Fondation Cæ ur Vert Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire International Council on Environmental Economics and Development (ICEED) New York NY USA

The severe drought observed in the Sahel during 1970s, 1980s and 1990s has deeply affected the population as well as the economies and the eco-systems of this climatic area. The GGW Initiative spearheaded by Africa Union in 2007 proposed to combat the land degradation and desertification by planting a wall of trees stretching from Dakar to Djibouti. A reforestation was then conducted in the Senegal’s GGW since 2006 as part as other areas in the Sahel. This paper aims to evaluate the carbon sequestration dynamics in the sites of the Senegal’s GGW over the last three decades. The method consists firstly of analyzing the evolution of land cover and land use dynamics based on ESA-CCI LC satellite data. There is an improvement of the surface areas of tree and shrub savanna of 11.40% (Tessekere), 8.25% (Syer) and 2.70% (Loughere-Thioly). The regreening of the different localities and a positive dynamic observed is explained by the return to normal rainfall and to reforestation actions, agroforestry practices, better management of natural resources undertaken. However, some non-reforested sites showed an opposite trend despite of the normal rainfall. Secondly, the results on land mapping are used as a proxy for the assessment of carbon stocks. The dynamic observed in vegetation cover since the beginning of the reforestation made it possible to sequester 5.8 million tons of carbon representing respectively 2.31% of African GGW. This gain in stored carbon is equivalent to 21.2 million tons of CO2 captured in the atmosphere. Through this study, it appears that carbon storage becomes significant 8 to 10 years after the start of reforestation. An urbanization without respect for the environmental factors could be a danger for the climate (case of Ballou).

关键词： Great Green Wall of Senegal Land Cover-Land Use (LCLU) Carbon Storage

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Estimates and Variability of the Air-Sea CO₂ Fluxes in the Gulf of Guinea during the 2005-2007 Period

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2016年第1期6卷 11-22页

作者： Urbain Koffi Georges kouadio yves K. kouadio Ecole Normale Supérieure d’Abidjan Laboratoire des Sciences Physiques Fondamentales et Appliquées Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire Université Felix Houphouet-Boigny de Cocody Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire

Measurements of CO2 parameters (i.e. Total Alkalinity (TA) and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC)) were made from June 2005 to September 2007 in six EGEE (“Etude de la circulation océanique et de savariabilitédans le Golfe de GuinEE”) cruises to better assess air-sea CO2 fluxes in the Gulf of Guinea (6°N - 10°S, 10°E - 10°W). Two empirical relationships TA-Salinity and DIC-Salinity-Temperature were established. These relationships were then used to estimate the monthly fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) and air-sea CO2 fluxes. The monthly mean flux of CO2 reaches 1.76 ± 0.82 mmol·m-2·d-1 (resp. 2.90 ± 1.45 mmol·m-2·d-1) at the north of the Equator (resp. at the South). The north-south gradient observed as the patterns of the air-sea CO2 fluxes was mainly driven by the oceanic fCO2. This gradient was due to the low values of the CO2 parameters flowing by the Guinea Current (6°N - 0°) from the west to the east while the air-sea CO2 fluxes increased in the south (10°S - 0). In the north, the climatology of Takahashi underestimated the CO2 fluxes in the Gulf of Guinea when comparing to the estimated fluxes. This was due to the north-south gradient, which did not well reproduce by the climatology of Takahashi.

关键词： CO2 Fluxes Total Alkalinity Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Gulf of Guinea

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Diagnosis of the Causes of the Rain Flooding in June in the West Africa Coastal Area

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2021年第1期11卷 11-31页

作者： Joël Amouin Kouassi yves kouadio Modeste Kacou Sandrine Djakouré Samuel Ta Laboratory of Matter Environmental and Solar Energy Sciences (LASMES) Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction Group University F.H.B. of Cocody Abidjan Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Abidjan Meteorological Center of the Agency for the Safety of Air Navigation in Africa and Madagascar (ASECNA) Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire

Rain flooding during June on the West Africa coastal area is analyzed by using the 95th and 75th percentiles, which represent extreme and intense rainfall events respectively. Thus, the contribution of these events that reaches around 50% shows their impact on the rainfall in June. Atmospheric and oceanic factors influence the rain flooding. Indeed, the extreme events are associated with easterly waves propagating from 20°E, while those of intense events are initiated around 5°E. The impact of oceanic conditions exhibits the warming of the equatorial rail and the Atlantic cold tongue, the warming of the whole ocean basin and a north-south dipole of SST anomalies. The West African monsoon that reaches Abidjan corresponds to a low-level atmospheric flow, whose upward motion extends in latitude from the ocean to the continent. An increase of disturbance contributes to enhancing these events. This is confirmed by the inflow on to the continent of oceanic moisture coming from the ventilation by evaporation of warm water. In addition, the coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations are one of the best candidates that could help to better explain these dramatic events. This study is useful because of showing solutions that could help in adoption of policies for the risks management related to these events.

关键词： West Africa Coast Rain Flooding Threshold Atmospheric and Ocean Surface Conditions

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Analysis and Forecasting of the Impact of Climatic Parameters on the Yield of Rain-Fed Rice Cultivation in the Office Riz Mopti in Mali

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2019年第3期9卷 479-497页

作者： Angora Aman Moussa Nafogou Hermann Vami N’Guessan Bi yves K. kouadio Hélène Boyossoro kouadio Tropical Climate Team Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics and Fluid Mechanics (LAPA MF) University of Felix Houphouet-Boigny Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire University Center of Applied Research in Remote Sensing (CURAT) University of Felix Houphouet-Boigny Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire

During the period spanning the 1970s and1980s, countries in the West African Sahel experienced severe drought. Its impact on agriculture and ecosystems has highlighted the importance of monitoring the Sahelian rainy season. In Sahelian countries such as Mali, rainfall is the major determinant of crop production. Unfortunately, rainfall is highly variable in time and space. Therefore, this study is conducted to analyze and forecast the impact of climatic parameters on the rain-fed rice yield cultivation in the Office Riz Mopti region. The data were collected from satellite imagery, archived meteorology data, yield and rice characteristics. The study employed Hanning filter to highlight interannual fluctuation, a test of Pettitt and the standardized precipitation index (SPI) to analyze the rainfall variability. Climate change scenarios under the RCP 8.5 scenario (HadGEM-2 ES) and agroclimatic (Cropwat) model are carried out to simulate the future climate and its impact on rice yields. The results of satellite image classifications of 1986 and 2016 show an increase of rice fields with a noticeable decrease of bare soil. The analysis of the SPI reveals that over the 30 years considered, 56.67% of the rainy seasons were dry (1986-2006) and 43.33% were wet (2007-2015). The modelling approach is applied over 1986-2006 and 2007-2015 periods—considered as typical dry and rainy years—and applied over the future, with forecasts of climate change scenarios in 2034. The results show a decrease in potential yield during dry and slightly wet years. The yields of rain-fed rice will be generally low between 2016 and 2027. Deficits are observed over the entire study area, in comparison with the potential yield. Thus, this situation could expose the population to food insecurity.

关键词： Climate Change Remote Sensing Rain-Fed Rice Forecast Yield Mali

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Effect of Biofertilizers on the Agromorphological Parameters of Three Okra Cultivars in Southern Côte d’Ivoire

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第4期15卷 408-422页

作者： Guinagui N’doua Bertrand Nomel Meless Patrice Sanogo Souleymane Kouassi N’dri Pacôme kouadio Edouard yves Gilchrist Dao Jonas Patrick Koné Dapah Sara Fatim Koné Daouda Fatogoma Sorho Plant Physiology and Pathology Teaching and Research Unit UFR Biosciences F&#233lix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire WASCAL Center/African Center of Excellence on Climate Change Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture (WASCAL/CEA-CCBAD) Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is an herbaceous plant of the Malvaceae family. In Côte d’Ivoire, okra production is estimated to be over 193,000 tons. This low production is largely due to poor soils and hardly covers the needs of the population. To remedy this, growers systematically use mineral fertilizers. However, these fertilizers pollute the environment. To find an alternative to chemical fertilization and increase production, the effect of biofertilizers (Spaawet, Retone, Super Gro) compared with NPK mineral fertilizer was evaluated on Divo, Teriman, and Djonan F1 cultivars. The trial was set up in a factorial block design with three replications. Plant height, number of functional leaves, and crown diameter were assessed at 60 days after sowing (DAS). The time to 50% flowering, production time, and fruit yield were calculated. The results showed that the biofertilizer Retone induced the highest heights and number of functional leaves, with averages of 61.89 cm and 29.88 leaves, respectively. The diameter at the crown (17.77 mm) was highest with the NPK mineral fertilizer, and the shortest 50% flowering time, with an average of 47.61 days, was also obtained with the biofertilizer Retone. The NPK mineral fertilizer produced the longest production time, with an average of 35.25 days. The highest yields were obtained using Retone (11.07 t/ha) and NPK (9.52 t/ha) fertilizers. The “Divo*Retone” interaction produced the highest yield with an average of 12.19 t/ha. The biofertilizer Retone could therefore be used as an alternative fertilizer to chemical fertilization in okra crops, given its effect on the parameters assessed.

关键词： Biofertilizer Retone Mineral Fertilizer Okra Yield Côte d’Ivoire

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Development of an Integrated Coastal Vulnerability Index for the Ivorian Coast in West Africa

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2018年第11期9卷 1171-1184页

作者： Rene A.Tano Angora Aman Elisee Toualy yves K.kouadio Bouo Bella Djezia Francois-Xavier Kwasi Appeaning Addo Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Physics Nangui Abrogoua UniversityAbidjanCote d’Ivoire Climate Tropical Team Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics and Fluid MechanicsFelix Houphouet Boigny University of CocodyAbidjanCote d’Ivoire Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies University of GhanaAccraGhana

This study assesses the vulnerable state of the 566-km Ivorian coastal area using the physical (geomorphology, coastal slope, coastal retreat rate, relative sea level rise and wave/Tide energy) and socio-economic (coastal population density, harbor, airport, road, land use and protected area) factors as indicators. This enabled an Integrated Coastal Vulnerability Index to be determined for the Ivorian coastal zone. This Index could be defined as the weighted average of indexes based on physical and socio-economic factors. The study revealed that vulnerability of the western and the eastern coastlines of Cote d’Ivoire are strongly influenced by human activities, while physical forcing affects significantly the vulnerability of the central section. The relative vulnerability of the different sections depends also strongly on the geomorphology, wave energy, coastal population density and land use factors. The west and central sections of the coastline are more resilient than the eastern section when integrating physical and socio-economic factors. The Integrated Coastal Vulnerability Index, based on physical and socio-economic factors, appears to be more appropriate for coastal vulnerability assessment. These results could be useful in the development of adaptation strategies to increase the resilience of this coastal area and then extended for West Africa Coastal Areas Management.

关键词： Integrated Coastal Vulnerability Index Ivorian Coast Socio-Economic Pressure Physical Forcing

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Numerical Study of a West African Squall Line Using a Regional Climate Model

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2012年第1期2卷 14-22页

作者： Benjamin Kouassi Adama Diawara yves K. kouadio Guy Schayes Fidèle Yoroba Anderson A. Kouassi Eric-Pascal Zahiri Paul Assamoi 不详

The squall line of 21-22 August 1992, documented during the HAPEX-Sahel campaign, is simulated using the regional atmospheric model (MAR). The simulated results are compared to observational data. The aim of this work is both to test the capacity of this model to reproduce tropical disturbances in West Africa and to use this model as a meteorological one. It allows simulating high moisture content in the lower layers. The MAR simulates well updrafts whereas downward currents are neglected. This result may be due to convective scheme used to parameterize the convection in the model. The forecast of stability indexes used to define violent storms shows that the model is able to reproduce the squall line. Despite some differences with the observational data, the model shows its ability to reproduce major characteristics of the mesoscale convective disturbances.

关键词： Mesoscale Meteorology Model Squall Line Simulation

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使用面部识别来实现员工签到的应用，该应用能适应随时间变化（年龄、脸型）

使用面部识别来实现员工签到的应用，该应用能适应随时间变化（年...

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作者： kouadio EHOUMAN JEAN yves 华北电力大学(北京)

学位级别：硕士

实施考勤登记是在日常业务中的一项重要工作。传统方法普遍使用人工输入,即员工在进入大楼时记录他们的姓名、到达和离开时间,这种方法过于耗时,并且容易受到欺诈行为的影响。为了解决这些问题,本文开发了一种基于面部识别的新型系统,... 详细信息

实施考勤登记是在日常业务中的一项重要工作。传统方法普遍使用人工输入,即员工在进入大楼时记录他们的姓名、到达和离开时间,这种方法过于耗时,并且容易受到欺诈行为的影响。为了解决这些问题,本文开发了一种基于面部识别的新型系统,以简化员工考勤流程。所提出的系统设计了专用应用程序。当员工到达工作场所时,可以便捷地访问应用程序并接受一系列验证步骤。首先,该应用程序会检查员工是否实际存在于公司的经营场所内。如果确认存在,应用程序将会激活设备的摄像头来捕捉员工的面部图像。该系统采用了先进的面部检测和识别技术,分析捕捉到的图像用以识别个人。一旦员工被成功识别,他们的考勤就会被记录下来,系统会将他们的状态更新为“出席”同时记载当前时间和日期。通过面部识别技术实现考勤流程自动化,该系统大大降低了传统手动数据输入方法中相关的错误和欺诈行为的可能性。这种设计的解决方案不仅提高了考勤效率,还提高了考勤机的整体准确性和可靠性。通过消除手动输入的需要,员工可以通过简单的面部扫描无缝记录他们的出勤情况,最大限度地减少管理负担和潜在的差异。该系统能够实时跟踪员工的出勤情况,为监控考勤模式、促进资源分配和加强整体运营管理提供了宝贵的数据。总之,基于面部识别的考勤系统的实现为传统方法所面临的问题提供了一个优异的解决方案。通过利用尖端技术,该系统提高识别准确性,节省了考勤时间,同时降低了欺诈风险,有助于在组织内实现更高效、更可靠的考勤管理流程。

关键词：深度学习 python 图像处理人脸检测人脸识别 CNN PHP

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Comparative Study of Physico-Chemical Properties of Sediments from Two Sectors Close to Bandama in Northern Côte D’Ivoire (Sinematiali and Niakaramadougou)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第2期10卷 33-46页

作者： Gnosseith Huberson Claver N’doufou Krogba yves Nangah Koffi Hypolithe kouadio Department of Geosciences University Peleforo Gon Coulibaly Korhogo C&#244 te d’Ivoire UFR Agroforestry Jean Lorougnon Guédé University Daloa C&#244 te D’Ivoire

This study aims to show the impact of successive floods on the spatial variation of the physico-chemical properties of sediments along the Bandama River in the localities of Sinématiali and Niakaramadougou because of their importance in the functioning of this ecosystem. Several samples were taken from both stations based on flood recurrence areas. The particle size analysis was done using the Robinson’s Pipette method. Traditional methods of sediment analysis have been used to measure organic carbon (O.C.), nitrogen (N), and other chemical properties including pH, organic matter (MO), and C/N ratio. Statistical analyzes were carried out to assess the differences between the physico-chemical parameters of the different sampling zones. In the area of niakamadougou, the lower values in MO were recorded in areas subject to more frequent flooding, thus close to the watercourse. In the Sinématiali area, lower M.O. values were recorded in sediments far from the stream. Total organic matter levels are higher in surface sediments with the lowest proportions of clay. The results show that the physico-chemical properties of the sediments vary at the level of the vertical distribution and according to their spatial distribution. Successive floods have a direct effect on the dynamics of the physico-chemical properties of sediments along the shore.

关键词： Organic Matter Granulometry Successive Flood Physico-Chemical Properties of Sediment

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