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Profile of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in Bukavu Hospitals and Antimicrobial Susceptibility to Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第4期14卷 209-225页

作者： Christian Ahadi Irenge Freddy Bikioli Patient Birindwa Mulashe Félicien Mushagalusa Kasali Patient Wimba Aksanti Lwango yves coppieters Justin Ntokamunda Kadima Department of Pharmacy and Public Health Official University of Bukavu Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Tropical Medecine Faculty of Medecine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Official University of Bukavu Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Medical Biology Higher Institute of Medical Technics Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo School of Public Health Free University of Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium School of Medicine College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Rwanda Huye Rwanda

Objective: To evaluate the spread of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) bacterial infections in Bukavu hospitals and test antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of some isolates to usual marketed antibiotics. Methods: The prevalence of MDR strains was determined by using general antimicrobial susceptibility data collected from 3 hospital laboratories. The susceptibility of some isolates to usual antibiotics was processed by agar diffusion method with standard E. coli ATCC8739 and standard antibiotics discs as controls. The tested antibiotics were ampicillin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin. Results: At the 3 hospitals, 758 tests were realized in urine, pus, stool, FCV, blood, LCR, split and FU specimens;46 strains were unidentified and 712 strains were identified. Of 712 identified strains, 223 (31.4%) were MDR or XDR strains including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii, Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium, Neisseria gonorrohoae, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative, staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. Of the infected patients, 36 (21.5%) children were under 16 years and 188 (78.5%) adults were predominately women (58.5%). The susceptibility test showed that all strains but S. aureus were resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin. Gentamicin, ceftriaxone, and chloramphenicol remain partially active (27% - 80%) against P. mirabilis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The resistance is more likely related to strain mutation than to pharmaceutical quality of the antibiotics prescribed. Conclusion: Both data from hospital laboratories and in vitro post-testing findings confirmed the ongoing elevated prevalence of MDR strains in Bukavu. The causes of antibiotic misuse and socio-economic determinants of the phenomenon of resistance should be scrutinized in order to take adequate strategies in the prospective of establishing an effect

关键词： Prevalence Antimicrobials Multi-Resistance Bacterial Sensitivity Bukavu DRC

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Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Participatory Sex Education on the Dual Prevention of STI/HIV/AIDS and Unwanted Pregnancies among Adolescents in Kinshasa High Schools, DR Congo

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2014年第4期4卷 204-215页

作者： Gabriel Vodiena Nsakala yves coppieters Patrick Kalambayi Kayembe “Carnet de santé asbl” Communication Research and Health Promotion Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Epidemiology and Bio Statistics School of Public Health University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Research Centre “Policies and Health Systems-International Health” School of Public Health Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels Belgium

Context: With the view to reorient both STI/HIV/AIDS prevention and adolescents pregnancies, this research study aims at evaluating cognitive and behavioral acquisitions, as well as the process of interactive sex education participatory approach among adolescents in Kinshasa high schools. Methods: Based on a “pre and post” virtually experimental design, two crosswise surveys were conducted in Kinshasa, for six months in 2011-2012 on 484 high school students (pre-survey) and on 441 high school students (post-survey), whose age range from 14 - 19 years including both sexes. Two participatory educational talks (PET) “A” and “B”, covered weekly in two different schools, were compared to a control group school. The PET “A” consisted of interactive interpersonal communication sessions given by an external expert as a substitute for the life education course in one school. The PET “B” carried out in another school, included more educational talk sessions, led by the external expert and supplemented by a close follow-up of teenagers divided into small groups of 10 participants. The subjects’ assessment was based on their knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to STI/HIV/AIDS dual prevention as well as to unwanted pregnancies. Results: The subjects involved in the PET “B” displayed a better/higher performance based on their knowledge, attitudes and practices related to STI/HIV/AIDS dual prevention and unwanted pregnancies. Broadly speaking, knowledge has been improved 6 times with the PET “B” (OR = 6, 10, IC 95%) (3.24 - 11.9), and 3 times with the PET “A” (OR = 3, 45, IC 95%) (1.79 - 6.81), compared to control school. Similarly, findings on subjects’ attitudes show an improvement rated 12 times with the PET”B” (OR = 11, 99, IC 95%) (5.67 - 27.38) and 5 times for the PET “A” (OR = 5.51, IC 95%) (2.54 - 12.87). As far as the subjects’ practices are concerned, an improvement of 6 more times of protected sexual intercourses with the PET “B” compared with the control school group (OR = 6, 52, IC 95%) (3.60 - 12.0). The p

关键词： Cognitive and Behavioral Effects Sex Education STI/HIV/AIDS Unwanted Pregnancies Adolescents DRC

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Effects of air pollution on the risk of acute myocardial infarction in Charleroi, Belgium

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2013年第2期3卷 44-52页

作者： yves coppieters Philippe Collart Gwennaelle Mercier Victoria Massamba Catherine Bouland Alain Levêque Research Center in Environmental Health School of Public Health Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels Belgium Research Center in Epidemiology Biostatistics and Clinical Trials School of Public Health Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels Belgium

Atmospheric pollution would increase morbidity and mortality rates for various respiratory illnesses in urban areas, and could also be an explanatory factor of higher rates of myocardial infarction in Charleroi compared with the other Belgian cities. The present study investigates the health effects of acute exposure to air pollution on cardiovascular morbidity/mortality in Charleroi. The study is based on comparing hospital data taken from the registry of ischaemic cardiopathies in Charleroi (1999 to 2008) to data on the air quality in this region. To measure the association between atmospheric pollution and the number of cases of myocardial infarction, Poisson regression was carried out. The excess risk of myocardial infarction was analysed according to the month of admission. For men, a decrease in the attack rate of myocardial infarction is visible during the first three years of the study, later to remain stable. For women, attack rates are stable throughout the study. Most of the pollutants vary according to season. Except for ozone, concentrations are generally higher in winter. We observe an association between the concentrations of PM10 and NO2 and morbidity/mortality by acute myocardial infarction. The increased risk for an increase of 10 μg/m3 of pollutant is 1.8% for PM10 and 4.0% for NO2. Multivariate models must still be developed and applied to our data.

关键词： Ischaemic Cardiopathies Air Pollution Environmental Risk Belgium

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Influence of Proxies on the Reported Frequency of Falls, Fear of Falling and Activity Restriction in Older People

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Health 2014年第12期6卷 1512-1521页

作者： Elise Mendes da Costa Isabelle Godin Thierry Pepersack Michèle Dramaix yves coppieters Martine Bantuelle Alain Levêque Educa-Santé Non-Profit Organisation Charleroi Belgium Geriatrics Erasme University Hospital Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.) Bruxelles Belgium Research Centre in Epidemiology Biostatistics and Clinical Research School of Public Health Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.) Bruxelles Belgium Research Centre in Social Approaches to Health School of Public Health Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.) Bruxelles Belgium

Introduction: In older populations, the help of a third person may be necessary for a certain number of individuals in order to fill in questionnaires. The influence of this assistance on the collected information can raise questions, among others concerning the concordance between the information provided by the persons themselves and by their proxies, or the introduction of a potential bias. Our study’s objective is to examine, among older people, the differences in the reported frequency of falls, fear of falling and activity restriction due to fear of falling, according to the fact that people had filled in a questionnaire with or without the help of a third person. Methods: The data used come from the secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire and conducted in 2006 in a Belgian semi-rural town among non-institutionalised persons aged 65 years and over. Results: Among the 501 questionnaires, 16.4% were filled in with the help of another person. In bivariate analysis, the persons who needed help reported fall history, fear of falling and activity restriction significantly more often. In multivariable analysis, when considering concurrently the covariates (sex, age, living alone and fall history for fear of falling and for activity restriction), the influence of having received help to fill in the survey was only significant for activity restriction. Conclusion: Our study shows that it is important to know whether or not a person has received help to fill in a questionnaire. This can actually influence the reported frequency of certain outcomes, even, for activity restriction, when considering simultaneously the effect of other covariates. Given the current and future ageing of our populations, it seems that more extensive exploration is needed of the influence of proxies on the collected information about falls, fear of falling and activity restriction among older people.

关键词： Accidental Falls Fear of Falling Activity Restriction Proxies Older People

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