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Microglial response to aging and neuroinflammation in the development of neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1241-1248页

作者： Tingting Han yuxiang Xu Lin Sun Makoto Hashimoto Jianshe wei Institute for Brain Sciences Research School of Life Sciences Henan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Henan University Department of Basic Technology Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science

Cellular senescence and chronic inflammation in response to aging are considered to be indicators of brain aging; they have a great impact on the aging process and are the main risk factors for neurodegeneration. Reviewing the microglial response to aging and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases will help understand the importance of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases. This review describes the origin and function of microglia and focuses on the role of different states of the microglial response to aging and chronic inflammation on the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s chorea, and Parkinson’s disease. This review also describes the potential benefits of treating neurodegenerative diseases by modulating changes in microglial states. Therefore, inducing a shift from the neurotoxic to neuroprotective microglial state in neurodegenerative diseases induced by aging and chronic inflammation holds promise for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the future.

关键词： aging Alzheimer’s disease cytokines Huntington’s disease microglia neurodegenerative diseases neuroinflammation neuroprotection neurotoxicity Parkinson’s disease

Actively Reconfigurable Valley Topological Edge and Corner States in Photonic Crystals Based on Phase Change Material Ge2Sb2Te5

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激光与光电子学进展 2024年第5期61卷 557-571页

作者： Li wei Peng yuxiang Su Peihao Li Jianbo Wang Kaijun Liu Exian Liu Jianqiang He Mengdong College of Science Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Materials Surface&Interface Science and TechnologyCentral South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004HunanChina College of Science Jiujiang UniversityJiujiang 332005JiangxiChina

The immunity of topological states against backscattering and structural defects provides them with a unique advantage in the exploration and design of high-precision low-loss optical devices.However,the operating bandwidth of the topological states in certain photonic structures is difficult to actively tune and flexibly reconfigure.In this study,we propose a valley topological photonic crystal(TPC)comprising two inverse honeycomb photonic crystals,consisting of hexagonal silicon and Ge2Sb2Te5(GST)rods.When GST transitions from the amorphous phase to the crystalline phase,the edge band of the TPC appears as a significant redshift and is inversed from a“∪”to an“∩”shape with topological phase transition,which enables active tuning of the operating bandwidth and propagation direction of topological edge states.Both the topological edge and corner states in a triangular structure constructed using TPCs can be simultaneously adjusted and reconfigured via GST phase transition,along with a change in the group number of corner states.Using the adjustability of topological edge states and electromagnetic coupling between two different topological bearded interfaces,we develop a multichannel optical router with a high tuning degree of freedom,where channels can be actively reconfigured and their on/off states can be freely switched.Our study provides a strategy for the active regulation of topological states and may be beneficial for the development of reconfigurable topological optical devices.

关键词： topological edge states topological corner states phase change material active reconfiguration topological photonic crystal

Survey on leveraging pre-trained generative adversarial networks for image editing and restoration

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第5期66卷 28-55页

作者： Ming LIU yuxiang wei Xiaohe WU Wangmeng ZUO Lei ZHANG School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Department of Computing Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Generative adversarial networks(GANs) have drawn enormous attention due to their simple yet efective training mechanism and superior image generation quality. With the ability to generate photorealistic high-resolution(e.g., 1024 × 1024) images, recent GAN models have greatly narrowed the gaps between the generated images and the real ones. Therefore, many recent studies show emerging interest to take advantage of pre-trained GAN models by exploiting the well-disentangled latent space and the learned GAN priors. In this study, we briefly review recent progress on leveraging pre-trained large-scale GAN models from three aspects, i.e.,(1) the training of large-scale generative adversarial networks,(2) exploring and understanding the pre-trained GAN models, and(3) leveraging these models for subsequent tasks like image restoration and editing.

关键词： survey generative adversarial networks pre-trained models image editing image restoration

High-resolution short-term prediction of the COVID-19 epidemic based on spatial-temporal model modified by historical meteorological data

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Fundamental Research 2024年第3期4卷 527-539页

作者： Bin Chen Ruming Chen Lin Zhao yuxiang Ren Li Zhang Yingjie Zhao Xinbo Lian wei Yan Shuoyuan Gao College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Collaborative Innovation Center of Western Ecological Security Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

In the global challenge of Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,accurate prediction of daily new cases is crucial for epidemic prevention and socioeconomic planning.In contrast to traditional local,one-dimensional time-series data-based infection models,the study introduces an innovative approach by formulating the short-term prediction problem of new cases in a region as multidimensional,gridded time series for both input and prediction targets.A spatial-temporal depth prediction model for COVID-19(ConvLSTM)is presented,and further ConvLSTM by integrating historical meteorological factors(Meteor-ConvLSTM)is refined,considering the influence of meteorological factors on the propagation of COVID-19.The correlation between 10 meteorological factors and the dynamic progression of COVID-19 was evaluated,employing spatial analysis techniques(spatial autocorrelation analysis,trend surface analysis,etc.)to describe the spatial and temporal characteristics of the epidemic.Leveraging the original ConvLSTM,an artificial neural network layer is introduced to learn how meteorological factors impact the infection spread,providing a 5-day forecast at a 0.01°×0.01°pixel resolution.Simulation results using real dataset from the 3.15 outbreak in Shanghai demonstrate the efficacy of Meteor-ConvLSTM,with reduced RMSE of 0.110 and increased R^(2) of 0.125(original ConvLSTM:RMSE=0.702,R^(2)=0.567;Meteor-ConvLSTM:RMSE=0.592,R^(2)=0.692),showcasing its utility for investigating the epidemiological characteristics,transmission dynamics,and epidemic development.

关键词： COVID-19 Prediction ConvLSTM Refined prediction Meteorological factors Spatial-temporal analysis

Textured Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells Achieving Over 30% Efficiency Promoted by 4-Fluorobenzylamine Hydroiodide

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第9期16卷 557-570页

作者： Jingjing Liu Biao Shi Qiaojing Xu Yucheng Li yuxiang Li Pengfei Liu Zetong SunLi Xuejiao Wang Cong Sun wei Han Diannan Li Sanlong Wang Dekun Zhang Guangwu Li Xiaona Du Ying Zhao Xiaodan Zhang Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center Solar Energy Conversion CenterInstitute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and TechnologyNankai UniversityTianjin 300350People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin Tianjin 300350People’s Republic of China Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192People’s Republic of China Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education Tianjin 300350People’s Republic of China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin) Tianjin 300072People’s Republic of China Center of Single‑Molecule Sciences Institute of Modern OpticsTianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‑Scale Optical Information Science and TechnologyCollege of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai University38 Tongyan RoadJinnan DistrictTianjin 300350People’s Republic of China Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University 16Th FloorYantian Science and Technology BuildingHaishan StreetYantian DistrictShenzhen 518083People’s Republic of China

Monolithic textured perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells(TSCs)are expected to achieve maximum light capture at the lowest cost,potentially exhibiting the best power conversion efficiency.However,it is challenging to fabricate high-quality perovskite films and preferred crystal orientation on commercially textured silicon substrates with micrometersize pyramids.Here,we introduced a bulky organic molecule(4-fluorobenzylamine hydroiodide(F-PMAI))as a perovskite additive.It is found that F-PMAI can retard the crystallization process of perovskite film through hydrogen bond interaction between F^(−)and FA^(+)and reduce(111)facet surface energy due to enhanced adsorption energy of F-PMAI on the(111)facet.Besides,the bulky molecular is extruded to the bottom and top of perovskite film after crystal growth,which can passivate interface defects through strong interaction between F-PMA+and undercoordinated Pb^(2+)/I^(−).As a result,the additive facilitates the formation of large perovskite grains and(111)preferred orientation with a reduced trap-state density,thereby promoting charge carrier transportation,and enhancing device performance and stability.The perovskite/silicon TSCs achieved a champion efficiency of 30.05%based on a silicon thin film tunneling junction.In addition,the devices exhibit excellent longterm thermal and light stability without encapsulation.This work provides an effective strategy for achieving efficient and stable TSCs.

关键词： Perovskite crystallization (111)preferred orientation Defect passivation Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

Enabling an Inorganic-Rich Interface via Cationic Surfactant for High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第8期16卷 1-17页

作者： Zejun Sun Jinlin Yang Hongfei Xu Chonglai Jiang yuxiang Niu Xu Lian Yuan Liu Ruiqi Su Dayu Liu Yu Long Meng Wang Jingyu Mao Haotian Yang Baihua Cui Yukun Xiao Ganwen Chen Qi Zhang Zhenxiang Xing Jisheng Pan Gang Wu wei Chen Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore3 Science Drive 3Singapore 117543Singapore Agency for Science Technology and Research(A*STAR)Institute of High-Performance Computing1 Fusionopolis Way#16‑16 ConnexisSingapore 138632Singapore Department of Physics National University of Singapore2 Science Drive 3Singapore 117542Singapore Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin UniversityBinhai New CityFuzhou 350207People’s Republic of China Agency for Science Technologyand Research(A*STAR)Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringInnovis2 Fusionopolis Way#08‑03Singapore 138634Singapore

An anion-rich electric double layer(EDL)region is favorable for fabricating an inorganic-rich solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI)towards stable lithium metal anode in ester electrolyte.Herein,cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB),a cationic surfactant,is adopted to draw more anions into EDL by ionic interactions that shield the repelling force on anions during lithium plating.In situ electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy results combined with molecular dynamics simulations validate the enrichment of NO_(3)^(−)/FSI−anions in the EDL region due to the positively charged CTA^(+).In-depth analysis of SEI structure by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry results confirmed the formation of the inorganic-rich SEI,which helps improve the kinetics of Li^(+)transfer,lower the charge transfer activation energy,and homogenize Li deposition.As a result,the Li||Li symmetric cell in the designed electrolyte displays a prolongated cycling time from 500 to 1300 h compared to that in the blank electrolyte at 0.5 mA cm^(-2) with a capacity of 1 mAh cm^(-2).Moreover,Li||LiFePO_(4) and Li||LiCoO_(2) with a high cathode mass loading of>10 mg cm^(-2) can be stably cycled over 180 cycles.

关键词： Cationic surfactant Lithium nitrate additive Solid-electrolyte interphase Electric double layer Lithium metal batteries

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元宇宙:概念、技术及应用研究综述

南京信息工程大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第1期16卷 30-45页

作者：方巍伏宇翔南京信息工程大学计算机学院/数字取证教育部工程研究中心南京210044 南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室南京210044 南京信息工程大学大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心南京210044

网络技术、人机交互和人工智能等技术的飞速发展催生了元宇宙,并进一步促进人们物质生活各个方面的数字化转型.2021年是元宇宙元年,元宇宙作为一个新兴的概念受到产业界、学术界、媒体界及公众的广泛关注.本文尝试从技术维度和应用角度... 详细信息

网络技术、人机交互和人工智能等技术的飞速发展催生了元宇宙,并进一步促进人们物质生活各个方面的数字化转型.2021年是元宇宙元年,元宇宙作为一个新兴的概念受到产业界、学术界、媒体界及公众的广泛关注.本文尝试从技术维度和应用角度深度剖析元宇宙.首先,从定义、起源与发展、特征和关键技术(网络及运算技术、物联网技术、人机交互技术、电子游戏技术、区块链技术、数字孪生技术和其他技术)等多方面对元宇宙的概念及内涵进行论述;然后,讨论了当下布局元宇宙的企业和应用实例;最后,剖析了目前元宇宙发展存在的问题和机遇,并对未来研究与应用进行了展望.通过对元宇宙当前的发展状况、研究趋势进行归纳分析以及科学地评估元宇宙的落地应用,为元宇宙研究人员提供有益的参考和借鉴.

关键词：元宇宙数字孪生人工智能虚拟现实边缘计算 6G 区块链

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燃料组件格架弹簧刚度模型研究

核动力工程 2024年第2期45卷 154-159页

作者：金渊周赛陈威李伟才张玉相中广核研究院有限公司广东深圳518031

格架弹簧是压水堆燃料组件的关键零部件,其为燃料棒提供夹持功能。刚度是格架弹簧的关键特性,其关系到燃料棒的堆内运行性能。本文基于格架弹簧的结构以及受力特点,给出了格架弹簧的受力分析模型,并推导了理论刚度计算公式,即得到了格... 详细信息

格架弹簧是压水堆燃料组件的关键零部件,其为燃料棒提供夹持功能。刚度是格架弹簧的关键特性,其关系到燃料棒的堆内运行性能。本文基于格架弹簧的结构以及受力特点,给出了格架弹簧的受力分析模型,并推导了理论刚度计算公式,即得到了格架弹簧的理论刚度模型。另外,在商业有限元软件ABAQUS中建立了多种尺寸格架弹簧实体结构的有限元刚度模型,并计算获得了格架弹簧的变形量以及刚度曲线。通过有限元结果与理论刚度模型结果的对比,证明了理论刚度模型的合理性,并分析讨论了理论刚度模型的优缺点。本文首次提出的格架弹簧理论刚度模型可用于代替格架方案设计期间的有限元迭代过程,并能快速获得优化方案的主要设计尺寸。但本文分析方法不能替代实验,在方案固化后仍需开展实验确定格架弹簧的刚度。本文得到的格架弹簧理论模型可为燃料组件格架弹簧参数的快速优化设计提供新的思路。

关键词：燃料组件格架弹簧刚度理论刚度模型有限元方法

低转速航空发动机滚动轴承故障深度异常检测方法

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振动与冲击 2024年第7期43卷 186-195页

作者：康玉祥陈果盛嘉玖王浩尉询楷南京航空航天大学民航学院南京210016 南京航空航天大学通用航空与飞行学院江苏溧阳213300 北京航空工程技术研究中心北京100076

针对航空发动机滚动轴承在低转速状态下故障难检测的问题,提出了一种基于Transformer框架的深度支持向量描述方法用于检测低转速滚动轴承的故障。首先,构建了基于Transformer模型的振动特征提取主干网络。然后,将所提取的特征输入一个... 详细信息

针对航空发动机滚动轴承在低转速状态下故障难检测的问题,提出了一种基于Transformer框架的深度支持向量描述方法用于检测低转速滚动轴承的故障。首先,构建了基于Transformer模型的振动特征提取主干网络。然后,将所提取的特征输入一个三层自编码器结构,用于计算网络模型的损失函数。为减少网络计算量,提高训练速度,在预处理中将滚动轴承的振动加速度时域信号通过快速傅里叶变换(FFT)得到的频谱结果作为网络的输入,且仅依靠正常数据完成模型的训练。最后,在带机匣的航空发动机转子试验器和某型真实的航空发动机上分别进行了试验验证。结果表明,所提方法能够准确的实现对低转速滚动轴承故障的检测,且检测精度分别为93%和100%,充分表明该方法具有很好的异常检测能力及应用价值。

关键词：低转速滚动轴承深度异常检测 Transformer 航空发动机