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A contract theory analysis to fiscal relations between the central and local governments in China

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Economic and Political Studies 2019年第3期7卷 281-313页

作者： yutaka suzuki Faculty of Economics Hosei UniversityTokyoJapan

We use a contract theory/mechanism design framework to analyse the fiscal relations and reforms between the central and local governments in China,which are said to have made great contributions to economic growth since the‘economic reform’.First,we present the mechanism(a fiscal incentive contract model),which has created incentives for the development agent(local government),and clarify theoretically how the concept of bao(contract)*** then comprehend the concept of bisai(contest)within the framework of the yardstick competition between local governments,and review the mechanism which encourages proper information revelation through intergovernmental comparison and ***,we make a theoretical comparative analysis on the fiscal system reform(from the fiscal contracting system to the tax sharing system),from the perspective of how much room was left for the‘ratchet effect’in the dynamic relation between the central and local governments,and how it was solved(or mitigated)in the two fiscal systems.

关键词： Fiscal contracting tax sharing adverse selection mechanism design yardstick competition ratchet effect

Hunt for the tipping point during endocrine resistance process in breast cancer by dynamic network biomarkers

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2019年第8期11卷 649-664页

作者： Rui Liu Jinzeng Wang Masao Ukai Ki Sewon Pei Chen yutaka suzuki Haiyun Wang Kazuyuki Aihara Mariko Okada-Hatakeyama Luonan Chen School of Mathematics South China University of Science and Technology Guangzhou 510640 China Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 200031 China Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Shanghai 201210 China School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) Rui Jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200025 China Graduate School of Medical Life Science Yokohama City University Yokohama 230-0045 Japan Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS) Yokohama 230-0045 Japan Key Laboratory of Systems Biology Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China Department of Medical Genome Sciences Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo Chiba 277-8562 Japan Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo 153-8505 Japan Laboratory of Cell Systems Osaka University Osaka 565-0871 Japan

Acquired drug resistance is the major reason why patients fail to respond to cancer *** is a challenging task to *** the tipping point of endocrine resistance and detect the associated *** from new systems biology theory, the dynamic network biomarker (DNB) method is designed to quantitatively identify the tipping point of a drastic system transition and can theoretically identify DNB genes that play key roles in acquiring drug *** analyzed time-course mRNA sequence data generated from the tamoxifen-treated estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 cell line, and identified the tipping point of endocrine resistance with its leading *** results show that there is interplay between gene mutations and DNB genes, in which the accumulated mutations eventually affect the DNB genes that subsequently cause the change of transcriptional landscape, enabling full-blown drug resistance. Survival analyses based on clinical datasets validated that the DNB genes were associated with the poor survival of breast cancer *** results provided the detection for the pre-resistance state or early signs of endocrine *** predictive method may greatly benefit the scheduling of treatments for complex diseases in which patients are exposed to considerably different drugs and may become drug resistant.

关键词： drug resistance breast cancer tipping point dynamic network biomarker (DNB) molecular network mRNA-seq

Bin-scanning:Segmentation of X-ray CT volume of binned parts using Morse skeleton graph of distance transform

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Computational Visual Media 2023年第2期9卷 319-333页

作者： Yuta Yamauchi Tatsuya Yatagawa yutaka Ohtake Hiromasa suzuki School of Engineering The University of Tokyo7–3–1HongoBunkyo-kuTokyoJapan

X-ray CT scanners,due to the transmissive nature of X-rays,have enabled the non-destructive evaluation of industrial products,even inside their *** light of its effectiveness,this study introduces a new approach to accelerate the inspection of many mechanical parts with the same shape in a *** input to this problem is a volumetric image(i.e.,CT volume)of many parts obtained by a single CT *** need to segment the parts in the volume to inspect each of them;however,random postures and dense contacts of the parts prohibit part segmentation using traditional template *** address this problem,we convert both the scanned volumetric images of the template and the binned parts to simpler graph structures and solve a subgraph matching problem to segment the *** perform a distance transform to convert the CT volume into a distance ***,we construct a graph based on Morse theory,in which graph nodes are located at the extremum points of the distance *** experimental evaluation demonstrates that our fully automatic approach can detect target parts appropriately,even for a heap of 50 ***,the overall computation can be performed in approximately 30 min for a large CT volume of approximately 2000×2000×1000 voxels.

关键词： X-ray computed tomography(CT) volume segmentation graph matching non-destructive inspection

Youngest case of an early gastric cancer after successful eradication therapy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2013年第6期5卷 300-303页

作者： Hironori Konuma Ichiro Konuma Kuangi Fu Satoshi Yamada yutaka suzuki Akihisa Miyazaki Department of Gastroenterology Juntendo Univerity Nerima Hospital Konuma Clinic Yamada Clinic Department of Surgery International University of Health and Welfare Hospital

A 28-year-old woman visited our clinic with a chief complaint of epigastralgia. She had received successful Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) eradication therapy 5 years before. We repeated esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and a discolored depressed area with reddish spots and converging folds, 20 mm in size, was detected. No atrophic change including intestinal metaplasia or nodular gastritis was seen endoscopically. Two endoscopic biopsies revealed undifferentiated adenocarcinoma. No H. pylori was found, and the 13 C-urea breath test was also negative. Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated no nodal involvement, distant metastasis or fluid collection. She underwent a laparoscopyassisted distal gastrectomy. Histologically, the resected specimen revealed an early undifferentiated gastric cancer that had invaded deeply into the submucosal layer. Nodal involvement was histologically *** atrophic change or H. pylori infection was evident histologically. This is the youngest patient ever reported to have developed a node-positive early gastric cancer after eradication of H. pylori .

关键词： Early gastric cancer Helicobacter pylori Eradication therapy Undifferentiated adenocarcinoma Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma Point of no return theory

Survival of geriatric patients after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in Japan

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第40期16卷 5084-5091页

作者： yutaka suzuki Seryna Tamez Akihiko Murakami Akihiko Taira Akihiro Mizuhara Akira Horiuchi Chie Mihara Eiji Ako Hirohito Muramatsu Hitoshi Okano Hitoshi Suenaga Kazuaki Jomoto Junya Kobayashi Katsunari Takifuji Kazuhiro Akiyama Koh Tahara Koji Onishi Makoto Shimazaki Masami Matsumoto Masashi Ijima Masato Murakami Masato Nakahori Michiaki Kudo Michio Maruyama Mikako Takahashi Naohiro Washizawa Shigeru Onozawa Satoshi Goshi Satoyoshi Yamashita Shigeki Ono Shin Imazato Shinji Nishiwaki Shuichirou Kitahara Takao Endo Takao Iiri Takeshi Nagahama Takuto Hikichi Tatsuya Mikami Tetsuo Yamamoto Tetsushi Ogawa Tomoko Ogawa Tomoyuki Ohta Toshifumi Matsumoto Toshiroh Kura Tsutomu Kikuchi Tsuyoshi Iwase Tsuyotoshi Tsuji Yukio Nishiguchi Mitsuyoshi Urashima Department of Surgery International Universi-ty of Health and Welfare Hospital Department of Molecular Epidemiology Jikei University School of Medicine Endoscopy Unit Iwate prefectural Central Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Tsuyama Chuo Hospital Department of Surgery Higashi Washi-nomiya Hospital Digestive Disease Center Showa Inan General Hospital Department of Neurology Ebina Medical Sup-port Center Department of Surgery Sumitomo Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Kiyota Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Okano Clinic Department of Geriatrics Hitachikoh Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Jomoto Gastroenteric and Internal Medical Clinic Department of Surgery Fujiyoshida Munici-pal Hospital 2nd Department of Surgery Wakayama Medical University Hospital Department of Surgery Tokatsu-clinic Hospital Department of Surgery Kure Kyosai Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Matsue Sei-kyo Genaral Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Hirano General Hospital Department of Internal Medicin Nara Prefectural Gojo Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Isesaki Mu-nicipal Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Muraka-mi Memorial Hospital Digestive Endoscopy Center Sendai Kousei Hospital Department of Surgery Onishi Hospital Department of Surgery Tokyo Metropoli-tan Ohkubo Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Tsuruoka Kyoritsu Hospital Nutritional Therapy Center Toho Uni-versity Omori Medical Center Home Care Department Kameda Medical Hospital Endoscopic Treatment Center Japan Labour Health and Welfare Organization Niigata Rousai Hospital Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Social Insurance Shimonoseki Welfare Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Ako City Hospital Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Center Oita Kensei Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Nishimino Kosei Hospital Department of Pediatric Surgery Nagano Red Cross Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Sapporo Shirakaba-dai hospital Department of Gastroenterology Tachikawa

AIM: To examine the long term survival of geriatric patients treated with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in Japan. METHODS: We retrospectively included 46 Japanese community and tertiary hospitals to investigate 931 consecutive geriatric patients (≥ 65 years old) with swallowing difficulty and newly performed PEG between Jan 1st 2005 and Dec 31st 2008. We set death as an outcome and explored the associations among patient’s characteristics at PEG using log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: Nine hundred and thirty one patients were followed up for a median of 468 d. A total of 502 deaths were observed (mortality 53%). However, 99%, 95%, 88%, 75% and 66% of 931 patients survived more than 7, 30, 60 d, a half year and one year, respectively. In addition, 50% and 25% of the patients survived 753 and 1647 d, respectively. Eight deaths were considered as PEG-related, and were associated with lower serum albumin levels (P = 0.002). On the other hand, among 28 surviving patients (6.5%), PEG was removed. In a multivariate hazard model, older age [hazard ratio (HR), 1.02; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00-1.03; P = 0.009], higher C-reactive protein (HR, 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-1.07; P = 0.005), and higher blood urea nitrogen (HR, 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00-1.02; P = 0.003) were significant poor prognostic factors, whereas higher albumin (HR, 0.67; 95% CI: 0.52-0.85; P = 0.001), female gender (HR, 0.60; 95% CI: 0.48-0.75; P < 0.001) and no previous history of ischemic heart disease (HR, 0.69; 95% CI: 0.54-0.88, P = 0.003) were markedly better prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that more than half of geriatric patients with PEG may survive longer than 2 years. The analysis elucidated prognostic factors.

关键词： Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy Enteral nutrition Comorbidity Survival Risk factor

Edge detection based multi-material interface extraction on industrial CT volumes

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2013年第9期56卷 74-82页

作者： OHTAKE yutaka suzuki Hiromasa Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology The University of Tokyo

X-ray CT scanning is recently becoming a popular technology for industrial applications as well as medical ones. Since the geometrical accuracy is often important for industrial applications, more precise methods for processing CT volumes are required. This paper proposes a method for extracting the multimaterial interfaces on CT volumes obtained by industrial CT scanners. Instead of extracting isosurfaces we detect edge-points, at which the norm of the volume gradient takes a local maximum in the gradient direction, and then interpolate the points as the material interfaces represented by the zero-level of compounded implicit functions. In order to achieve a robust material-identification, multilabel graph-cut is utilized in our method. Using edge-points, we can reduce the inaccuracy caused by CT scanning artifacts.

关键词： CT volume multi-material interface segmentation edge extraction

Gastric cancer incidence based on endoscopic Kyoto classification of gastritis

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世界胃肠病学杂志:英文版 2023年第31期29卷 4763-4773页

作者： Osamu Toyoshima Toshihiro Nishizawa Shuntaro Yoshida Tatsuya Matsuno Gota Fujisawa Akira Toyoshima Hirotoshi Ebinuma Mitsuhiro Fujishiro yutaka Saito Hidekazu suzuki Department of Gastroenterology Toyoshima Endoscopy ClinicTokyo 157-0066Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology International University of Health and WelfareNarita HospitalNarita 286-8520Japan Department of Colorectal Surgery Japanese Red Cross Medical CenterTokyo 150-8935Japan Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-8655Japan Division of Endoscopy National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo 104-0045Japan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineTokai University School of MedicineIsehara 259-1193Japan

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)incidence based on the endoscopic Kyoto classification of gastritis has not been systematically investigated using time-to-event *** To examine GC incidence in an endoscopic surveillance *** This study was retrospectively conducted at the Toyoshima Endoscopy *** who underwent two or more esophagogastroduodenoscopies were *** incidence was based on Kyoto classification scores,such as atrophy,intestinal metaplasia(IM),enlarged folds(EFs),nodularity,diffuse redness(DR),and total Kyoto *** ratios(HRs)adjusted for age and sex were calculated using a Cox hazard *** A total of 6718 patients were enrolled(median age 54.0 years;men 44.2%).During the follow-up period(max 5.02 years;median 2.56 years),GC developed in 34 *** average frequency of GCs per year was 0.19%.Kyoto atrophy scores 1[HR with score 0 as reference:3.66,95%confidence interval(CI):1.06 to 12.61],2(11.60,3.82-35.27),IM score 2(9.92,4.37-22.54),EF score 1(4.03,1.63-9.96),DR scores 1(6.22,2.65-14.56),and 2(10.01,3.73-26.86)were associated with GC incidence,whereas nodularity scores were *** total Kyoto scores of 4(HR with total Kyoto scores 0-1 as reference:6.23,95%CI:1.93 to 20.13,P=0.002)and 5-8(16.45,6.29-43.03,P<0.001)were more likely to develop GC,whereas the total Kyoto scores 2-3 were *** HR of the total Kyoto score for developing GC per 1 rank was 1.75(95%CI:1.46 to 2.09,P<0.001).CONCLUSION A high total Kyoto score(≥4)was associated with GC *** endoscopy-based diagnosis of gastritis can stratify GC risk.

关键词： Gastric cancer Gastritis Endoscopy Atrophy Intestinal metaplasia Kyoto classification

Boundary-representable partition of unity for image magnification

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2013年第11期56卷 216-227页

作者： NAGAI Yukie OHTAKE yutaka YOKOTA Hideo suzuki Hiromasa School of Engineering The University of Tokyo153-8904 Japan Bio-Research Infrastructure Construction Team ASI RIKEN 351-0198 Japan RCAST The University of Tokyo153-8904 Japan

This paper proposes a simple yet efective algorithm to magnify 2D/3D images with preserving discontinuities of *** algorithm is based on the partition of unity(PU)approximation,which ofers many advantages such as smooth representation,noise-robustness,and precise ***,PU encounters difculties when scaling images and maintaining boundaries within images owing to the nature of its *** overcome this problem,we propose an approximation that preserves *** is realized by dividing the local spherical support of PU into two parts along a locally detected discontinuity and by individually approximating intensities on each side of the *** algorithm is suitable for magnifying a variety of images,including scanned documents,pictures,and CT-scanned *** demonstrate the efectiveness of the proposed method,we show some experimental results for 2D/3D images.

关键词： image approximation partition of unity piecewise smooth function volume data magnification

Adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma with multiple organ infections and widespread thrombosis:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第17期10卷 5723-5731页

作者： Akihiro Yoshihara Kota Nishihama Chisa Inoue Yuko Okano Kazuhito Eguchi Soichiro Tanaka Kanako Maki Valeria Fridman D'Alessandro Atsuro Takeshita Taro Yasuma Mei Uemura Toshinari suzuki Esteban C Gabazza yutaka Yano Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Japan Community Health care Organization Yokkaichi Hazu Medical CenterYokkaichi 510-0016MieJapan Department of Diabetes Metabolismand EndocrinologyMie UniversityTsu 514-8507MieJapan Department of Immunology Mie UniversityTsu 514-8507MieJapan Department of Immunology Faculty and Graduate School of MedicineMie UniversityTsu 514-8507MieJapan Department of Immunology and Department of Diabetes Metabolismand EndocrinologyMie UniversityTsu 514-8507MieJapan Department of Immunology Mie University School of MedicineMie UniversityTsu 514-8507MieJapan

BACKGROUND Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)-secreting neuroendocrine tumors are rare *** with ACTH-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas have a poor *** and coagulopathies have been reported as the cause of ***,detailed clinical descriptions of the morbid complications of ACTH-secreting neuroendocrine carcinomas have not been *** SUMMARY A 78-year-old Japanese woman consulted a medical center due to systemic edema and epigastric *** analysis revealed hypercortisolemia with increased ACTH secretion without diurnal variation in serum cortisol *** enhanced computed tomography(CT)scan revealed a 3-cm tumor in the pancreatic *** cytological material from endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration was compatible with ACTHsecreting pancreatic neuroendocrine *** Ki-67 index was 40%.She was transferred to Mie University Hospital for surgical *** patient was diagnosed with urinary tract infection,cytomegalovirus hepatitis,esophageal candidiasis,pulmonary infiltrates suspicious for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia,peripheral deep vein thrombosis,pulmonary embolism,and disseminated intravascular *** multiple organ infections and thromboses responded well to antimicrobial and anticoagulant *** studies disclosed a pancreatic tumor and a metastatic lesion in the liver,whereas somatostatin receptor scintigraphy showed negative findings,suggesting the primary and metastatic tumors were poorly differentiated.A CT scan before admission showed no metastatic liver lesion,suggesting that the pancreatic tumor was rapidly *** of surgery,antitumor chemotherapy was *** patient was transferred to another hospital to initiate ***,she died four months later due to the rapidly progressive *** ACTH-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm is a rare disease with a very poor ***

关键词： Neuroendocrine tumors Cushing's syndrome Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome Pneumocystis pneumonia Pulmonary embolism Infections Case report