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Biogas Production Using Water Hyacinth (Eicchornia crassipes) for Electricity Generation in Kenya

Energy and Power Engineering 2015年第5期7卷 209-216页

作者： Paul Njogu Robert Kinyua Purity Muthoni yusuyuki nemoto Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Kenya Division of Renewable Energy and Environment Ashikaga Institute of Technology Japan

Water hyacinth, E. crassipes, an invasive water weed thrives in fresh water bodies causing serious environmental problems. In Kenya the weed has invaded Lake Victoria and poses great socioeconomic and environmental challenges. Currently the weed is harvested from the Lake and left in the open to rot and decay leading to loss of aesthetics, land and air pollution. There is therefore need for development of value addition and economic exploitation strategies. The aim of the study is to assess the potential for utilization of the weed as a renewable energy resource for biogas production. Samples were collected from Lake Victoria, pulped and blend with cow dung at a ratio of 3:1 as inoculum. The resultant mixture was mixed with water at a ratio of 1:1 and fed into a 6 m3 tubular digester. The digester was recharged with 20 kg after every three days. The temperature, pH variations, gas compositions, upgrading and gas yields were studied. The temperature ranged between 22.8°C - 36.6°C and pH 7.4 - 8.5. Biogas was found to contain 49% - 53% methane (CH4 ), 30% - 33% carbon dioxide (CO2 ), 5% - 6% nitrogen (N2 ) and traces of hydrogen sulphide (H2S). The biogas was upgraded using solid adsorbents and wet scrubbers increasing the methane content by up to 70% - 76%. The upgraded gas was used to power internal combustion engines coupled with an electricity generator and direct heat applications. The study concludes that E. crassipes is a potential feedstock for biogas production especially in areas where it is abundant.

关键词： Renewable Energy Biogas Water Hyacinth E. crassipes Pollution

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Thermal Gasification of Rice Husks from Rice Growing Areas in Mwea, Embu County, Kenya

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2015年第5期6卷 113-119页

作者： Paul Njogu Robert Kinyua Purity Muthoni yusuyuki nemoto Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Division of Renewable Energy and Environment Ashikaga Institute of Technology Ashikaga Japan

Thermal gasification of biomass provides a potential renewable energy resource in rural areas in Kenya. Rice husks are a key byproduct of rice production that are not considered of economic value to millers. Rice husks obtained from Mwea, Embu County, Kenya were converted into syngas using a locally assembled modified updraft gasifier. The syngas production was produced at temperatures between 450°C and 750°C with injection of limited supply of air and purified using series of gas cleaning and cooling devices. Proximate analysis shows that rice husks have a mean content of 21.9% ± 0.3% ash, 9.5% ± 3.3% moisture, 78.8% ± 0.3% volatiles and 91.8% ± 1.3% total solids. Carbonized rice husks have mean contents of 37.8% ± 1.2% ash, 3.1% ± 0.4% moisture, 62.3% ± 1.2% volatiles and 96.5% ± 0.4% total solids. The study shows that feedstock is consumed at a rate of 25 - 32 Kg/Hr with gas generation rate of 7.76 - 7.78 m3/hr;this translates to a gas yield of 0.31 - 0.35 m3/Kg. Process water was re-circulated at a rate of 2.2 m3/hr within the plant. The total electricity consumption per hour was 1.1 - 1.3 kWh. Carbon monoxide (CO) and temperature were monitored in the working area to assess the safety of the workers and were found to be in the range of 35 - 50 ppm and 24°C - 29.5°C respectively. The two were found to be within safe limits;however, the CO concentrations increased when leakages occurred. Syngas was found to be composed of 16.5% - 17.55% CO, 14.5% - 16.1% CO2, 4.1% - 4.5% H2, 6.8% - 7.2% CH4 and 17.9% - 45.7% N2 among others. The gas was used for direct heating applications and to run modified petrol engines. Carbonized husks were used to make energy briquettes and partly applied to the rice growing pads to improve soil properties. The technology provides energy solutions and aids in the abatement of climate change mitigation and abatement since it provides a permanent carbon sink. The technology provides a value addition chain for rice growers.

关键词： Carbonization Climate Change Gasification Syngas

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Performance of a Thermal Bipedal Walker on Inclined Surfaces with Different Leg CoMs

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2019年第3期16卷 540-549页

作者： Lingchao Su Takeru nemoto Akio Yamamoto Department of Precision Engineering School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Japan

This paper investigates the walking performance of a thermal walker on various inclined surfaces. The thermal walker can walk only by ground heat energy using bimetal sheets. The walking performance on slopes is analyzed using a simplified walker model. The analytical result is compared with the two sets of walking experiments, on slopes with either pitch or roll inclinations. The analyses and the experiments are done with different Center-of-Mass (CoM) positions of the legs, which considerably influence the walking performance. It was found that, on up/down slopes, the stride of the thermal walker changes almost linearly with the slope angle. When the CoM was close to the center of the walker body, the walker walked backward on upward slopes. With CoM largely shifted backward, the walker could walk up slopes but did not walk down slopes well. On the other hand, when walking along a contour line of a slope, the stride decreased as the slope angle increased. The smaller leg swing distances would be caused by the change of leg swing time on such slopes.

关键词： bipedal walker bimetal thermal walker thermal actuator slope

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The spectral changes of partially coherent light focused by an apertured lens with chromatic aberration

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Chinese Optics Letters 2004年第4期2卷 239-242页

作者：蒲继雄蔡超 Shojiro nemoto Department of Electronic Science and Technology Huaqiao University Quanzhou 362011 Institute of Information Sciences and Electronics University of TsukubaTsukubaIbaraki 305-8573 Japan Institute of Information Sciences and Electronics University of TsukubaTsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan

The spectral changes of a partially coherent polychromatic light focused by an apertured lens with chromatic aberration are investigated. It is demonstrated that the spectrum in the focused field is different from that in the aperture. Comparing with the spectrum in the aperture, the spectrum in the focused field shifts to lower or higher frequency, which is defined as a spectral shift. The influence of chromatic aberration of the lens, the coherence of the partially coherent light in the aperture, the radius of the aperture, and the spectral width of the spectrum of the aperture on the spectral shift are investigated in detail. The numerical results show that these parameters affect the spectral shift noticeably.

关键词： Coherence

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DISLOCATION PINNING IN HIGH TEMPERATURE DEFORMED Ni_3(Al,Ti) SINGLE CRYSTALS CONTAINING DISORDERED γ PRECIPITATES

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2006年第3期19卷 157-164页

作者： W.H. Tian M. nemoto Department of Materials Physics and Ghemistry University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Sasebo National Gollege of Technology Okishin 1-1 Sasebo 857-1193 Japan

A transmission electron microscopy （TEM） investigation has been performed on the dislocation pinning in Lie-ordered Ni3（Al, Ti） containing disordered γ *** morphology of deformation induced dislocations in the γ base alloys containing fine dispersion of disordered γ was investigated by means of weak-beam electron microscopy. The superdislocations are strongly attracted to the disordered particles and dissociate on the （111） plane in the γ particles, while they dissociate on the （010） plane in the γ＇ matrix. The disordered γ precipitates play an important role as a pinning point during the cross-slip of superdislocations from （111） to （010） planes in the γ matrix and restrain the cross-slip of superdislocations. The interaction of superdislocations with disordered particles causes the formation of superkinks, jogs and closed loops.

关键词： superdislocation precipitate attractive interaction cross slip Ll2-ordered Ni3Al

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CNN-based segmentation frameworks for structural component and earthquake damage determinations using UAV images

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2023年第2期22卷 359-369页

作者： Taisei Saida Muhammad Rashid Yudai nemoto Shota Tsukamoto Takehiko Asai Mayuko Nishio Graduate School of Science and Technology University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan Faculty of Engineering Information and SystemsUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan

Buildings undergo various kinds of structural damage during earthquakes,and damage detection and functional assessment of these structures in the aftermath of the events have been challenging *** these circumstances,computer vision techniques offer a promising solution by automating the inspection *** study presents an effective methodology for automatic structural components and damage detection using unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)images of damaged *** types of neural network architectures are considered for appropriate feature extractions in different task *** feature pyramid network(FPN)is employed for crack,spall,rebar,and component damage segmentation,while the UNet++network is utilized for the damage *** network training and validation,a total of 3805 original images of size 1920×1080 pixels are processed by the proposed method and reduced the image *** the FPN,the achieved highest intersection over unions(IoUs)were 0.59,0.93,0.42,and 0.99 for crack,spall,rebar,and components,*** predicted labels were found in close agreement with the ***,the UNet++recognized the semantic information and damage state with an IoU of *** demonstrated the applicability of the proposed method for automated post-earthquake building inspection process accurately without information loss from the original images.

关键词： computer vision semantic segmentation component segmentation damage evaluation FPN UNet++

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Establishment of a function embodiment knowledge base for supporting service design

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2012年第5期55卷 1008-1018页

作者： nemoto Yutaro AKASAKA Fumiya CHIBA Ryosuke SHIMOMURA Yoshiki Department of System Design Tokyo Metropolitan University

In service engineering,a service is represented as a functional structure that satisfies customer *** entities and their activities are associated with a functional structure as a way to accomplish a *** this phase,it is important for service designers to have broad knowledge,since entities that construct a service include both human and physical ***,the extent of the designer's knowledge is the key to the enhancement of design ***,few tools to support designers in the embodiment phase have been *** this paper,for the purpose of constructing a function embodiment knowledge base in service design,the representational form of knowledge is proposed,and a prototype system of function embodiment knowledge base is *** function embodiment knowledge is collected from multiple service cases using the prototype system,and the effectiveness of knowledge base is discussed.

关键词： service engineering service design design knowledge management embodiment knowledge base

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PRECIPITATION BEHAVIOR IN A Cu-Sn-Ni-Zn-P LEAD FRAME MATERIAL

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2003年第3期16卷 155-160页

作者： W.H.Tian C.K.Yan M.nemoto Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry University of Science and Technology BeijiingBeijing 100083ChinaInstitute of Metal ResearchThe Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016ChinaSasebo National College of Technology Okishin 1-1 Sasebo 857-1193 Japan

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations were carried out for examining the precipitation behavior in a Cu-Sn-Ni-Zn-P lead frame material. TEM observations revealed that the precipitate is hexagonal Ni5P2 and the orientation relationship between the Cu matrix and Ni$Pi precipitate is (111)fcc//(0001)hcp, [101]fcc//[1120]hcp, where the suffix fcc denotes the Cu matrix and hep denotes the hexagonal Ni5P2 precipitate. The Ni5P2 precipitate is ovoidal in shape at the beginning of aging at lower temperature. By prolonging the aging time or increasing the aging temperature, Ni5P2 precipitate grows and shows a rod-like shape. The Ni added Cu based lead frame material has a comparative mechanical properties with that of TAMAC15 which has been developed and used in electrical industry.

关键词： lead frame materials mechanical properties atom diffusion precipitate transmission electron microscopy

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HARDENING OF L1_2-ORDERED Co_3Ti BY PRECIPITATION OF FCC-Co PHASE

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1998年第1期11卷 33-38页

作者： W.H.Tian S.L.Hu M.nemoto Univ of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China

The Co3 Ti phase hardens appreciably by the fine precipitation of disordered fcc Co-rich phase upon aging after quenching from solution annealing temperature. Transmission electron microscope (TEM)observations revealed that the precipitates are platelet in shape, lying nearly parallel to the {100} planes of the L12-ordered matrix, and perfectly coherent with the matrix lattice at the beginning of aging. The high temperature strength increases appreciably with the fine precipitation of disondered Co-rich phase over the whole temperature range investigated. TEM observations of the deformed alloys after underaging revealed that saperdislocations are pinned by precipitates indicating an attractive interaction between dislocations and precipitates.

关键词： Co_3 Ti age-hardening precipitate deformation mechanism microstructure

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Energy-based control for a biologically inspired hexapod robot with rolling locomotion

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Digital Communications and Networks 2015年第2期1卷 125-133页

作者： Takuma nemoto Rajesh Elara Mohan Masami Iwase Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Tokyo Denki University Singapore University of Technology and Design

This paper presents an approach to control rolling locomotion on the level ground with a biologically inspired hexapod robot. For controlling rolling locomotion, a controller which can compensate energy loss with rolling locomotion of the hexapod robot is designed based on its dynamic model. The dynamic model describes the rolling locomotion which is limited to planar one by an assumption that the hexapod robot does not fall down while rolling and influences due to collision and contact with the ground, and it is applied for computing the mechanical energy of the hexapod robot and a plant for a numerical simulation. The numerical simulation of the rolling locomotion on the level ground verifies the effectiveness of the proposed controller. The simulation results show that the hexapod robot can perform the rolling locomotion with the proposed controller. In conclusion, it is shown that the proposed control approach is effective in achieving the rolling locomotion on the level ground.

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