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Epithelial stem cells and niches in lung alveolar regeneration and diseases

Chinese Medical Journal Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine 2024年第1期2卷 17-26页

作者： Jilei zhang yuru Liu Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine University of Illinois College of MedicineChicagoIL 60612USA University of Illinois Cancer Center ChicagoIL 60612USA

Alveoli serve as the functional units of the lungs,responsible for the critical task of blood-gas ***-prising type I(AT1)and type II(AT2)cells,the alveolar epithelium is continuously subject to external aggressors like pathogens and airborne particles.As such,preserving lung function requires both the homeostatic renewal and reparative regeneration of this epithelial layer.Dysfunctions in these processes contribute to various lung diseases.Recent research has pinpointed specific cell subgroups that act as potential stem or progenitor cells for the alveolar epithelium during both homeostasis and regeneration.Additionally,endothelial cells,fibroblasts,and immune cells synergistically establish a nurturing microenvironment-or“niche”-that modulates these ep-ithelial stem cells.This review aims to consolidate the latest findings on the identities of these stem cells and the components of their niche,as well as the molecular mechanisms that govern them.Additionally,this article highlights diseases that arise due to perturbations in stem cell-niche interactions.We also discuss recent technical innovations that have catalyzed these discoveries.Specifically,this review underscores the heterogeneity,plastic-ity,and dynamic regulation of these stem cell-niche systems.It is our aspiration that a deeper understanding of the fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying alveolar homeostasis and regeneration will open avenues for identifying novel therapeutic targets for conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),fibrosis,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and lung cancer.

关键词： Alveoli Epithelium Type II cell(AT2) Stem cell Niche

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Genome-edited rabbits:Unleashing the potential of a promising experimental animal model across diverse diseases

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Zoological Research 2024年第2期45卷 253-262页

作者： Yang Han Jiale Zhou Renquan zhang yuru Liang Liangxue Lai Zhanjun Li Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research Ministry of EducationCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunJilin 130062China CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouGuangdong 510530China Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guang Dong Laboratory(GRMH-GDL) GuangzhouGuangdong 510005China Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Animal models are extensively used in all aspects of biomedical research,with substantial contributions to our understanding of diseases,the development of pharmaceuticals,and the exploration of gene functions.The field of genome modification in rabbits has progressed slowly.However,recent advancements,particularly in CRISPR/Cas9-related technologies,have catalyzed the successful development of various genome-edited rabbit models to mimic diverse diseases,including cardiovascular disorders,immunodeficiencies,agingrelated ailments,neurological diseases,and ophthalmic pathologies.These models hold great promise in advancing biomedical research due to their closer physiological and biochemical resemblance to humans compared to mice.This review aims to summarize the novel gene-editing approaches currently available for rabbits and present the applications and prospects of such models in biomedicine,underscoring their impact and future potential in translational medicine.

关键词： Genome editing Animal model Rabbit CRISPR/Cas9 Genetic diseases

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A skin-integrated device for neck posture monitoring and correction

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第6期9卷 221-234页

作者： Hu Luo Tianhao Jin Yu zhang Bohao Tian yuru zhang Dangxiao Wang State Key Lab of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems and Bejing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering Beihang UniversityNo.37 Xueyuan RoadHaidian District100191 BejingChina School of General Engineering Beihang UniversityNo.37 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBejingChina Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen 518055China

Cervical spondylosis is a common disease that is often caused by long-term abnormal cervical curvature due to activities such as reading books and using computers or smartphones.This paper explores building an untethered and skin-integrated device in an e-skin form factor to monitor and haptically correct neck posture.The proposed design features a multilayered structure that integrates all flexible electronic circuits and components into a compact skin space while being untethered and skin conformal.An accelerometer in the e-skin attaches to the neck for posture sensing,while four vibration actuators closely touch the neck skin to provide localized vibrotactile stimuli that encode four-direction correction cues of neck flexion±αand lateral bending±β.To ensure the reliability of posture sensing and vibrotactile rendering during neck movement,it is necessary to prevent the e-skin device from shifting position.Thus,a hollow structure-based method is implemented for stably attaching the e-skin to the neck skin.Experiments validated the e-skin device's sensing precision,skin-conformal compliance,stickiness,stability and effectiveness during the motion of neck postures,including its discrimination of localized four-direction vibrotactile cues.A user study verified the device's performance for sensing and correcting different abnormal neck postures during activities such as using smartphones,reading books,and processing computer files.The proposed e-skin device may create opportunities for more convenient cervical spondylosis prevention and rehabilitation.

关键词： correction rendering shifting

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Clinical Observation of Chinese Medicinal Prescriptions for Swelling and Pain in The Postoperative Treatment of Mixed Hemorrhoids

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2024年第3期8卷 101-107页

作者： yuru Duan Guangliang Xu Lei Ge Wei zhang Xu zhang Yi Yang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Qiqihar Qiqihar 161005Heilongjiang ProvinceChina

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)on reducing swelling and pain in patients with mixed hemorrhoids.Methods:Sixty patients with mixed hemorrhoids who were admitted to the Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Qiqihar from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected and divided into two groups.The treatment group(n=30)was treated with mixed hemorrhoid ligation combined with traditional Chinese swelling and pain medicine,and the control group(n=30)was only treated with mixed hemorrhoid ligation.The pain level,edema score,and prognosis of the two groups after the intervention were analyzed.The clinical efficacy was used as the evaluation criterion to compare the clinical effects of different treatment options.Results:After the treatment,the pain score,edema score,and prognostic wound score of the treatment group were all lower than those of the control group(P 0.05).The total clinical effectiveness of the treatment group(100%)was higher than that of the control group(76.67%),(χ^(2)=4.2857,P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of traditional Chinese swelling and pain medicine in treating patients with mixed hemorrhoids effectively reduced the patient’s pain,reduced the degree of wound edema,promoted wound healing,and improved the patient’s prognosis.The curative effect was significant and had a positive impact.

关键词： Chinese herbal prescriptions for reducing swelling and pain Mixed hemorrhoids Postoperative treatment

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Identification of multiple regulatory genes involved in TGase production in Streptomyces mobaraensis DSM 40587

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Engineering Microbiology 2023年第4期3卷 20-28页

作者： Xian Liu Dan Wang yuru zhang Xiaoxin Zhuang Linquan Bai State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism School of Life Sciences&BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic&Developmental Sciences Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Taixing Dongsheng Bio-Tech Co. Ltd.Taixing 225411China

Microbial transglutaminase(TGase)is a protein that is secreted in a mature form and finds wide applications in meat products,tissue scaffold crosslinking,and textile engineering.Streptomyces mobaraensis is the only licensed producer of TGase.However,increasing the production of TGase using metabolic engineering and heterologous expression approaches has encountered challenges in meeting industrial demands.Therefore,it is necessary to identify the regulatory networks involved in TGase biosynthesis to establish a stable and highly efficient TGase cell factory.In this study,we employed a DNA-affinity capture assay and mass spectrometry analysis to discover several transcription factors.Among the candidates,eight were selected and found to impact TGase biosyn-thesis.Notably,SMDS_4150,an AdpA-family regulator,exhibited a significant influence and was hence named AdpASm.Through electrophoretic mobility shift assays,we determined that AdpASm regulates TGase biosynthesis by directly repressing the transcription of tg and indirectly inhibiting the transcription of SMDS_3961.The latter gene encodes a LytR-family positive regulator of TGase biosynthesis.Additionally,AdpASm exhibited negative regulation of its own transcription.To further enhance TGase production,we combined the overexpression of SMDS_3961 with the repression of SMDS_4150,resulting in a remarkable improvement in TGase titer from 28.67 to 52.0 U/mL,representing an 81.37%increase.This study establishes AdpA as a versatile regulator involved in coordinating enzyme biosynthesis in Streptomyces species.Furthermore,we elucidated a cascaded regulatory network governing TGase production.

关键词： Transglutaminase Streptomyces mobaraensis AdpA Transcription Regulatory network

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Haptics-mediated approaches for enhancing sustained attention: framework and challenges

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2019年第11期62卷 5-30页

作者： Dangxiao WANG Teng LI Naqash AFZAL Jicong zhang yuru zhang State Key Lab of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems Beihang University Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering Beihang University Peng Cheng Laboratory School of Medical Sciences University of New South Wales Neuroscience Research Australia School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University

Sustained attention is essential in the daily human activities of perception, manipulation, and locomotion. An improvement in sustained attention exhibits potential impacts in several scenarios, including the treatment of mental disorders, such as the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and the training of certain professionals, such as aircraft pilots, who work under environments with heavy cognitive loads. In this study, we review the haptics-mediated sustained attention-training approaches from the afferent and efferent perspectives based on the bidirectional information flow in the haptic channel. Subsequently, the feasibility of modulating and enhancing attention via the haptic channel is analyzed based on the studies that have investigated the correlation between attention and the afferent/efferent pathways of the haptic channel.We identify several research questions, including how to design diverse haptic training tasks via the afferent and/or efferent pathways and which adaptive strategies can be used to adjust the difficulty levels of haptic training tasks to ensure user engagement. Furthermore, we examine the behavioral and biological evidence that can be used to validate the training efficacy, the manner in which the neural mechanisms underlying the attention-enhancing process can be understood, and the effective variables that can be attributed to the near-and far-transfer effects. In addition, we discuss the difficulties associated with the development of novel haptic technologies. In this study, we intend to investigate the potential impact of haptic stimuli on neuroplasticity and to promote the study of haptics-mediated sustained attention training.

关键词： sustained attention attention enhancement haptic interaction robotics electroencephalogram virtual reality human-computer interaction

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从消遣到审美:英国“小说艺术观”的形成及意义

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湖南人文科技学院学报 2024年第3期41卷 75-84页

作者：张郁茹浙江大学美学与批评理论研究所浙江杭州310058

现代意义上的英国小说虽然在18世纪就已兴起,但直至19世纪后期,小说才被视为一种独立的艺术形式。英国“小说艺术观”的形成并未与小说的兴起同步发生,其形成与英国批评界对小说的价值评判有关,同时也受到小说家的“艺术意识”影响。英... 详细信息

现代意义上的英国小说虽然在18世纪就已兴起,但直至19世纪后期,小说才被视为一种独立的艺术形式。英国“小说艺术观”的形成并未与小说的兴起同步发生,其形成与英国批评界对小说的价值评判有关,同时也受到小说家的“艺术意识”影响。英国“小说艺术观”萌芽于18世纪,觉醒于维多利亚时代早中期。维多利亚时代晚期,小说已经正式成为英国文学界主流的文学形式,“小说艺术观”得以正式形成。梳理英国“小说艺术观”的形成过程,不仅可以对英国小说的发展脉络有更为清晰的认识,也能对小说艺术的审美价值、当代意义以及未来发展等问题产生更深刻的思考。

关键词：英国小说小说艺术小说艺术观

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一类具有离散时滞与不同传染性的霍乱模型研究

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山西大学学报(自然科学版) 2024年第2期47卷 313-327页

作者：张育茹桑媛宋冰张龙新疆大学数学与系统科学学院新疆维吾尔自治区应用数学重点实验室

本文研究了一类具有疫苗接种策略的时滞霍乱模型，考虑了高低传染性霍乱弧菌混合感染以及直接传播和间接传播。通过计算，得到了系统的基本再生数R0，证明了当R01时，地方病平衡点全局渐近稳定。通过数值模拟演示了理论结果，发现时滞... 详细信息

本文研究了一类具有疫苗接种策略的时滞霍乱模型，考虑了高低传染性霍乱弧菌混合感染以及直接传播和间接传播。通过计算，得到了系统的基本再生数R0，证明了当R01时，地方病平衡点全局渐近稳定。通过数值模拟演示了理论结果，发现时滞对于霍乱传播具有重要影响，其动力学可以与无时滞系统相同，不同甚至相反，忽略时滞会高估霍乱的传播，付出更多控制成本。

关键词：时滞高低传染性霍乱弧菌疫苗接种基本再生数全局渐近稳定性

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Design of a Lightweight Force-Feedback Glove with a Large Workspace

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Engineering 2018年第6期4卷 869-880页

作者： Yukai Zheng Dangxiao Wang Ziqi Wang Yu zhang yuru zhang Weiliang Xu State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems Beihang UniversityBeijing 100083China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100083China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of AucklandAuckland 1142New Zealand

A wearable force-feedback glove is a promising way to enhance the immersive sensation when a user interacts with virtual objects in virtual reality scenarios.Design challenges for such a glove include allowing a large fingertip workspace,providing a desired force sensation when simulating both free-and constrained-space interactions,and ensuring a lightweight structure.In this paper,we present a forcefeedback glove using a pneumatically actuated mechanism mounted on the dorsal side of the user’s hand.By means of a triple kinematic paired link with a curved sliding slot,a hybrid cam-linkage mechanism is proposed to transmit the resistance from the pneumatic piston rod to the fingertip.In order to obtain a large normal component of the feedback force on the user’s fingertip,the profile of the sliding slot was synthesized through an analysis of the force equilibrium on the triple kinematic paired link.A prototype five-fingered glove with a mass of 245 g was developed,and a wearable force-measurement system was constructed to permit the quantitative evaluation of the interaction performance in both free and constrained space.The experimental results confirm that the glove can achieve an average resistance of less than 0.1 N in free-space simulation and a maximum fingertip force of 4 N in constrained-space simulation.The experiment further confirms that this glove permits the finger to move freely to simulate typical grasping gestures.

关键词： Force-feedback glove Lightweight Large workspace Pneumatic Virtual reality

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日常的颠覆:列斐伏尔节日观研究

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理论界 2024年第3期 65-71页

作者：张郁茹浙江大学美学与批评理论研究所

列斐伏尔揭示了现代社会日常生活的平庸化及其伴随着的风格、仪式感和节日氛围的消失,并倡导通过复兴节日以帮助日常生活脱离平庸。尽管列斐伏尔意识到了节日的重要性,但他未能认识到现代社会的节日意涵早已区别于传统社会,这也导致了... 详细信息

列斐伏尔揭示了现代社会日常生活的平庸化及其伴随着的风格、仪式感和节日氛围的消失,并倡导通过复兴节日以帮助日常生活脱离平庸。尽管列斐伏尔意识到了节日的重要性,但他未能认识到现代社会的节日意涵早已区别于传统社会,这也导致了列斐伏尔试图通过增强日常生活的仪式感以复兴节日,进而实现日常生活革命的设想注定难以实施。归根结底,节日与日常生活仪式的消失并不是“让日常生活成为艺术品”的审美化议题,而是“资本主义社会侵入日常生活”的现代性问题。

关键词：列斐伏尔日常生活节日观现代性

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