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Update on the pathological roles of prostaglandin E_(2) in neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Translational Neurodegeneration 2023年第1期12卷 464-478页

作者： hiroshi Nango Komugi Tsuruta Hiroko Miyagishi yuri Aono Tadashi Saigusa Yasuhiro Kosuge Laboratory of Pharmacology School of PharmacyNihon University7-7-1 NarashinodaiFunabashi-ShiChiba 274-8555Japan Department of Pharmacology School of Dentistry at MatsudoNihon University2-870-1 SakaechonishiMatsudo-ShiChiba 271-8587Japan

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective degeneration of upper and lower motor *** pathogenesis of ALS remains largely unknown;however,inflammation of the spinal cord is a focus of ALS research and an important pathogenic process in *** E_(2)(PGE_(2))is a major lipid mediator generated by the arachidonic-acid cascade and is abundant at inflammatory ***_(2)levels are increased in the postmortem spinal cords of ALS patients and in ALS model *** therapeutic effects have been obtained in ALS model mice using cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors to inhibit the biosynthesis of PGE_(2),but the usefulness of this inhibitor has not yet been proven in clinical *** this review,we present current evidence on the involvement of PGE_(2)in the progression of ALS and discuss the potential of microsomal prostaglandin E syn-thase(mPGES)and the prostaglandin receptor E-prostanoid(EP)2 as therapeutic targets for *** pathways involving prostaglandin receptors mediate toxic effects in the central nervous *** some situations,however,the receptors mediate neuroprotective *** recent studies demonstrated that levels of mPGES-1,which catalyzes the final step of PGE_(2)biosynthesis,are increased at the early-symptomatic stage in the spinal cords of transgenic ALS model mice carrying the G93A variant of superoxide *** addition,in an experimental motor-neuron model used in studies of ALS,PGE_(2)induces the production of reactive oxygen species and subsequent caspase-3-de-pendent cytotoxicity through activation of the EP2 ***,this PGE_(2)-induced EP2 up-regulation in motor neurons plays a role in the death of motor neurons in ALS model *** understanding of the pathophysiologi-cal role of PGE_(2)in neurodegeneration may provide new insights to guide the development of novel therapies for ALS.

关键词： Prostaglandin E_(2) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Motor neuron death E-prostanoid receptor Microsomal prostaglandin E synthetase-1

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All-dielectric meta-optics and non-linear nanophotonics

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National Science Review 2018年第2期5卷 144-158页

作者： yuri Kivshar Nonlinear Physics Center Australian National University ITMO University

Most optical metamaterials fabricated and studied to date employ metallic components resulting in significant losses, heat and overall low efficiencies. A new era of metamaterial physics is associated with all-dielectric meta-optics, which employs electric and magnetic Mie resonances of subwavelength particles with high refractive index for an optically induced magnetic response, thus underpinning a new approach to design and fabricate functional and practical metadevices. Here we review the recent developments in meta-optics and subwavelength dielectric photonics and demonstrate that the Mie resonances can play a crucial role in the realization of the unique functionalities of meta-atoms, also driving novel effects in the fields of metamaterials and nanophotonics. We discuss the recent research frontiers in all-dielectric meta-optics and uncover how Mie resonances can be employed for a flexible control of light with full phase and amplitude engineering, including unidirectional metadevices, highly transparent metasurfaces,non-linear nanophotonics and topological photonics.

关键词： nanophotonics Mie resonances meta-optics metasurfaces metamaterials

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Dynamic ultrasonography for optimizing treatment position in superior mesenteric artery syndrome:Two case reports and review of literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第5期30卷 499-508页

作者： Nobuaki Hasegawa Akihiko Oka Muyiwa Awoniyi yuri Yoshida hiroshi Tobita Norihisa Ishimura Shunji Ishihara Department of Internal Medicine II Shimane University Faculty of MedicineIzumo 693-8501ShimaneJapan Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDigestive Disease and Surgery InstituteHepatology SectionCleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Clinical Laboratory Division Shimane University HospitalIzumo 693-8501ShimaneJapan Division of Hepatology Shimane University HospitalIzumo 693-8501Japan

BACKGROUND Superior mesenteric artery(SMA)syndrome is a rare cause of duodenal obstruction by extrinsic compression between the SMA and the aorta(SMA-Ao).Although the left lateral recumbent position is considered effective in the treatment of SMA syndrome,individual variations in the optimal patient position have been *** this report,we present two elderly cases of SMA syndrome that exhibited rapid recovery due to ultrasonographic dynamic evaluation of the optimal position for each *** SUMMARY Case 1:A 90-year-old man with nausea and *** diagnosis of SMA syndrome by computed tomography(CT),ultrasonography(US)revealed the SMA-Ao distance in the supine position(4 mm),which slightly improved in the lateral position(5.7–7.0 mm)without the passage of duodenal ***,in the sitting position,the SMA-Ao distance was increased to 15 mm accompanied by improved content ***,US indicated enhanced passage upon abdominal massage on the right *** day 2,the patient could eat comfortably with the optimal position and *** 2:An 87-year-old woman with *** the diagnosis of SMA syndrome and aspiration pneumonia by CT,dynamic US confirmed the optimal position(SMA-Ao distance was improved to 7 mm in forward-bent position,whereas it remained at 5 mm in the supine position).By day 7 when her pneumonia recovered,she could eat with the optimal *** The optimal position for SMA syndrome varies among *** US appears to be a valuable tool in improving patient outcomes.

关键词： Superior mesenteric artery syndrome Wilkie’s syndrome Cast syndrome Aorto-mesenteric compass syndrome Ultrasonography Case report

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Approximations of the Fractional Integral and Numerical Solutions of Fractional Integral Equations

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2021年第3期3卷 545-569页

作者： yuri Dimitrov Department of Mathematics and Physics University of Forestry1756 SofiaBulgaria Institute of Mathematics and Informatics Bulgarian Academy of Sciences1113 SofiaBulgaria

In the present paper,we derive the asymptotic expansion formula for the trapezoidal approximation of the fractional *** use the expansion formula to obtain approximations for the fractional integral of ordersα,1+α,2+α,3+αand 4+α.The approximations are applied for computation of the numerical solutions of the ordinary fractional relaxation and the fractional oscillation equations expressed as fractional integral equations.

关键词： Fractional integral Trapezoidal approximation Fractional integral equation Finite-difference scheme

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Strengthening of tungsten by coherent rhenium precipitates formed during low fluence irradiation

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Tungsten 2022年第1期4卷 20-27页

作者： yuri Osetsky Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA

Experimental data show that the accumulation of rhenium and osmium from transmutation reactions severely affect the microstructural evolution and property degradation of tungsten-based materials under neutron *** and modeling have confirmed that Re atom transport in W is by irradiation-produced migrating self-interstitial *** this diffusion mode in operation,a specific microstructure evolution is realized when at relatively low neutron fluence the Re-rich precipitates are formed,while the void and interstitial loop population development is suppressed,affecting the mechanical *** research shows the effect of small coherent Re-rich precipitates on the dislocation glide under stress,investigated using the molecular dynamics approach with empirical interatomic *** results are compared with an earlier simulation of void hardening in *** is demonstrated that small coherent Re-rich precipitates of less than 6 nm diameter represent relatively weak obstacles for moving edge *** implication of these results on the interpretation of experimental results is discussed.

关键词： Tungsten-rhenium alloys Molecular dynamics Re-rich precipitates Dislocation obstacle interaction Dislocation dynamics Obstacle strength

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Attachment ability of combined biomimetic adhesive micro-textures of different shapes

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Friction 2023年第8期11卷 1430-1441页

作者： David BADLER yuri KLIGERMAN Haytam KASEM Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 3200003Israel Department of Mechanical Engineering Azrieli College of EngineeringJerusalem 9103501Israel

There are various potential applications of biomimetic adhesive solutions including climbing robotic systems,mobile sensor platforms,and biomedical applications such as patches for external *** resistance to both normal and tangential loads,however,is a critical issue that still needs to be *** animals have developed exceptional attachment mechanisms based on combined fibrillar elements of different shapes and *** investigation of combined biomimetic adhesive micro-textures on tribological performances such as adhesion,friction,and peeling resistance is needed to apply this idea to the design of an artificial texture having similar“biomimetic”*** the present study,we demonstrate that combinations of different shapes of biomimetic adhesive micro-textures show increased efficiency under different contact environments and enable long-term adhesive *** work sheds light on combinations of different element shapes inspired by nature and their adhesive efficiency as a function of the ratio of each biomimetic element,as well as their spatial repartition.

关键词： biomimetic micro-textures adhesion friction peeling

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Electric resistivity of partially ionized plasma in the lower solar atmosphere

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第9期21卷 193-201页

作者： Jongchul Chae yuri ELitvinenko Astronomy Program Department of Physics and AstronomySeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Department of Mathematics University of WaikatoP.B.3105Hamilton 3240New Zealand

The lower solar atmosphere is a gravitationally stratified layer of partially ionized *** calculate the electric resistivity in the solar photosphere and chromosphere,which is the key parameter that controls the rate of magnetic reconnection in a Sweet-Parker current *** calculation takes into account the collisions between ions and hydrogen atoms as well as the electron-ion collisions and the electron-hydrogen atom *** find that under the typical conditions of the quiet Sun,electric resistivity is determined mostly by the electron-hydrogen atom collisions in the photosphere,and mostly by the ion-hydrogen collisions,*** diffusion,in the *** magnetic reconnection events with strong magnetic fields,the ambipolar diffusion,however,may be insignificant because the heating by the reconnection itself may lead to the full ionization of hydrogen *** conclude that ambipolar diffusion may be the most important source of electric resistivity responsible for the magnetic flux cancelation and energy release in chromospheric current sheets that can keep a significant fraction of neutral hydrogen atoms.

关键词： plasmas atomic processes magnetohydrodynamics(MHD) Sun:atmosphere Sun:chromosphere

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Superior mesenteric artery syndrome:Diagnosis and management

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第15期11卷 3369-3384页

作者： Akihiko Oka Muyiwa Awoniyi Nobuaki Hasegawa yuri Yoshida hiroshi Tobita Norihisa Ishimura Shunji Ishihara Department of Internal Medicine Ⅱ Shimane University Faculty of MedicineIzumo 693-8501ShimaneJapan Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDigestive Disease and Surgery InstituteHepatology SectionCleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Clinical Laboratory Division Shimane University HospitalIzumo 693-8501ShimaneJapan Division of Hepatology Shimane University HospitalIzumo 693-8501ShimaneJapan

Superior mesenteric artery(SMA)syndrome(also known as Wilkie's syndrome,cast syndrome,or aorto-mesenteric compass syndrome)is an obstruction of the duodenum caused by extrinsic compression between the SMA and the *** median age of patients is 23 years old(range 0-91 years old)and predominant in females over males with a ratio of 3:*** symptoms are variable,consisting of postprandial abdominal pain,nausea and vomiting,early satiety,anorexia,and weight loss and can mimic anorexia nervosa or functional *** recurrent vomiting leads to aspiration pneumonia or respiratory depression via metabolic alkalosis,early diagnosis is *** useful diagnostic modalities are computed tomography as a standard tool and ultrasonography,which has advantages in safety and capability of real-time assessments of SMA mobility and duodenum *** initial treatment is usually conservative,including postural change,gastroduodenal decompression,and nutrient management(success rates:70%-80%).If conservative therapy fails,surgical treatment(i.e.,laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy)is recommended(success rates:80%-100%).

关键词： Superior mesenteric artery syndrome Wilkie’s syndrome Cast syndrome Aorto-mesenteric compass syndrome

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Seeing is believing

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第3期11卷 6-7页

作者： Sergey Krasikov yuri Kivshar Nonlinear Physics Center Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberra ACT 2601Australia and School of Physics and EngineeringITMO UniversitySt.Petersburg197101Russia

Bound states in the continuum are realized in many optical systems as“dark states”,and their presence can be detected in the regime of leaky modes via resonances in *** the authors reveal previously unseen structure... 详细信息

关键词： states dielectric continuum

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Hybrid Rubisco with Complete Replacement of rice Rubisco Small Subunits by Sorghum Counterparts Confers C4 Plant-like High Catalytic Activity

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Molecular Plant 2020年第11期13卷 1570-1581页

作者： Hiroyoshi Matsumura Keita Shiomi Akito Yamamoto yuri Taketani Noriyuki Kobayashi Takuya Yoshizawa Shun-ichi Tanaka Hiroki Yoshikawa Masaki Endo hiroshi Fukayama Department of Biotechnology College of Life SciencesRitsumeikan University1-1-1 Noji-HigashiKusatsu 525-8577Japan Graduate School of Agricultural Science Kobe University1-1 Rokkodai-tyouNada-kuKobe 657-8501Japan Faculty of Agriculture Kobe University1-1 Rokkodai-tyouNada-kuKobe 657-8501Japan Division of Applied Genetics Institute of Agrobiological SciencesNational Agriculture and Food Research Organization1-2 OwashiTsukuba 305-8634Japan Department of Biomolecular Chemistry Kyoto Prefectural UniversityHangi-choShimogamoSakyo-kuKyoto 606-8522Japan

Photosynthetic rate at the present atmospheric condition is limited by the CO2-fixing enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(Rubisco)because of its extremely low catalytic rate(kcat)and poor affinity for C02(Kc)and specificity for CO2(Sc/O).Rubisco in C4 plants generally shows higher k cat than that in C3 *** consists of eight large subunits and eight small subunits(RbcS).Previously,the chimeric incorporation of sorghum C4-type RbcS significantly increased the k cat of Rubisco in a C3 plant,*** this study,we knocked out rice RbcS multigene family using the CriSPR-Cas9 technology and completely replaced rice RbcS with sorghum RbcS in rice *** hybrid Rubisco showed almost C4 plant-like catalytic properties,i.e.,higher kcai,higher Kc,and lower Sc/*** lines expressing the hybrid Rubisco accumulated reduced levels of Rubisco,whereas they showed slightly but significantly higher photosynthetic capacity and similar biomass production under high C 02 condition compared with wild-type ***-resolution crystal structural analysis of the wild-type Rubisco and hybrid Rubisco revealed the structural differences around the central pore of Rubisco and the pC-pD hairpin in *** propose that such differences,particularly in the pC-pD hairpin,may impact the flexibility of Rubisco catalytic site and change its catalytic properties.

关键词： CriSPR-Cas9 C4 plant photosynthesis rice Rubisco

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