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Artificial intelligence for COVID-19: battling the pandemic with computational intelligence

Intelligent Medicine 2022年第1期2卷 13-29页

作者： Zhenxing Xu Chang Su yunyu xiao Fei Wang Department of Population Health Sciences Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew York 10065United States Department of Health Service Administration and Policy Temple UniversityPhiladelphia 19122United States

The new coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has become a global pandemic leading to over 180 million confirmed cases and nearly 4 million deaths until June 2021,according to the World Health Organization.Since the initial report in December 2019,COVID-19 has demonstrated a high transmission rate(with an R_(0)>2),a diverse set of clinical characteristics(e.g.,high rate of hospital and intensive care unit admission rates,multi-organ dysfunction for critically ill patients due to hyperinflammation,thrombosis,etc.),and a tremendous burden on health care systems around the world.To understand the serious and complex diseases and develop effective control,treatment,and prevention strategies,researchers from different disciplines have been making significant efforts from different aspects including epidemiology and public health,biology and genomic medicine,as well as clinical care and patient management.In recent years,artificial intelligence(AI)has been introduced into the healthcare field to aid clinical decision-making for disease diagnosis and treatment such as detecting cancer based on medical images,and has achieved superior performance in multiple data-rich application scenarios.In the COVID-19 pandemic,AI techniques have also been used as a powerful tool to overcome the complex diseases.In this context,the goal of this study is to review existing studies on applications of AI techniques in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.Specifically,these efforts can be grouped into the fields of epidemiology,therapeutics,clinical research,social and behavioral studies and are summarized.Potential challenges,directions,and open questions are discussed accordingly,which may provide new insights into addressing the COVID-19 pandemic and would be helpful for researchers to explore more related topics in the post-pandemic era.

关键词： COVID-19 pandemic Artificial intelligence Electronic health record Machine learning

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Pijx confers broad-spectrum seedling and panicle blast resistance by promoting the degradation of ATP b subunit and OsRbohC-mediated ROS burst in rice

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Molecular Plant 2024年第4期17卷 672-675页

(Molecular Plant 16,1832-1846,November 62023)The originally published version of this manuscript contained several small mistakes in the labels and legends of main and supplemental figures,along with a few small mistakes in the main text,that have now been corrected.Specifically,in Figure 6G,the label“NILGY31^(Pijx)”has been corrected to“NIL^(Pijx)”,and in the legend of Figure 6H,“PPL^(Pijx Piz-t)”and“PPL^(Pijx Pigm)”have been corrected to“NIL^(Piz-t Pijx)”and“PPL^(Pigm Pijx).”In Figure S8A。

关键词： seedling Figure panicle

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人参囊泡调控肿瘤免疫微环境的活性成分研究

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中草药 2024年第9期55卷 3006-3014页

作者：肖莲莲余灵静刘艺芃胡杨张云羽嵇晶程建明南京中医药大学药学院江苏南京210023 江苏省经典名方工程研究中心江苏南京210023

目的探讨人参Panx ginseng来源的细胞外囊泡(ginseng-derived nanoparticles,GDNPs)在调控肿瘤相关巨噬细胞表型及抑制黑色素瘤生长方面的潜在物质基础。方法采用纳米颗粒跟踪分析仪、透射电镜测试及紫外-可见分光光度法全面表征GDNPs... 详细信息

目的探讨人参Panx ginseng来源的细胞外囊泡(ginseng-derived nanoparticles,GDNPs)在调控肿瘤相关巨噬细胞表型及抑制黑色素瘤生长方面的潜在物质基础。方法采用纳米颗粒跟踪分析仪、透射电镜测试及紫外-可见分光光度法全面表征GDNPs及其主要成分(蛋白质、多糖和皂苷)的含量;通过qRT-PCR和流式细胞术检测GDNPs与其含有的多糖、皂苷成分对骨髓来源巨噬细胞(bone marrow-derived macrophage,BMDM)表型的调控影响。收集不同极化程度的BMDM条件培养基(conditional medium,CM)孵育小鼠皮肤黑色素瘤B16F10细胞,CCK-8法测定不同CM处理后B16F10细胞活力,验证活性成分对肿瘤免疫微环境的调控作用;通过PMP柱前衍生法定量分析GDNPs活性成分组成。结果透射电镜下观察GDNPs形态结构良好,含量测定结果为2.46×1011颗粒的GDNPs含有4.31 mg蛋白质、4.46 mg多糖、1.22 mg皂苷。qRT-PCR和流式细胞术实验结果显示GDNPs多糖可以逆转M2型巨噬细胞表型,向M1方向极化。GDNPs多糖诱导巨噬细胞极化后的CM显著抑制了B16F10细胞活力。PMP柱前衍生法分析GDNPs多糖成分由葡萄糖、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖组成,其物质的量比为4.72∶1.07∶2.15。结论揭示了GDNPs中多糖成分在调控肿瘤免疫微环境的关键作用,为进一步的机制研究和临床应用提供了实验依据。

关键词：人参细胞外囊泡肿瘤免疫微环境巨噬细胞极化多糖葡萄糖半乳糖阿拉伯糖

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PRNet:渐进式消减不确定区域的息肉分割网络

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湖南大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第6期51卷 40-51页

作者：何东之肖杏梅李韫昱薛永乐李雲奇北京工业大学信息学部北京100124 中国人民解放军第一医学中心北京100039

由于息肉图像的自动分割病灶区域大小不一和边界模糊,从而导致分割精度较低.针对这两个问题,本文提出先定位后逐步精细的渐进式消减网络(Progressive Reduction Network,PRNet).该网络采用Res2Net提取病灶区域特征,利用多尺度跨级融合... 详细信息

由于息肉图像的自动分割病灶区域大小不一和边界模糊,从而导致分割精度较低.针对这两个问题,本文提出先定位后逐步精细的渐进式消减网络(Progressive Reduction Network,PRNet).该网络采用Res2Net提取病灶区域特征,利用多尺度跨级融合模块将注意融合机制与跨级特征结合,有效应对病灶区域多尺度问题,提升定位准确度.在自上而下恢复图像分辨率的过程中,引入不确定区域处理模块和多尺度上下文感知模块.前者通过设定递减的阈值逐步挖掘息肉边缘信息,增强边缘细节特征的识别能力;后者则进一步探索病灶区域周围潜在的上下文语义,提升模型的整体表征能力.此外,本算法还设计了一个简单的特征过滤模块,用于筛选编码器特征中的有效信息.在Kvasir-SEG、CVC-Clinic和ETIS数据集上的实验结果表明,所提算法的Dice系数分别达到了92.09%、93.05%和74.19%,优于现有的息肉分割算法,展示出了较好的鲁棒性和泛化性.

关键词：医学图像处理息肉分割结肠镜不确定区域多尺度

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环割油茶树春梢性状与根叶养分相关性分析

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安徽农业大学学报 2024年第2期51卷 183-190页

作者：谢双岭江春艳刘洲莹王毓曼程离任志华张运煜陈晓胡冬南江西农业大学林学院森林培育重点实验室南昌330045 宜春市袁州区林业局宜春336018 柳州市园林科学研究所柳州545000

为了研究环割对油茶春梢萌发期营养生长及养分调控的影响及养分与春梢生长特性的关系,以7年生无性系油茶为材料,进行360°环割、180°环割和不环割3种不同环割量试验,于环割口愈合前后分别测定叶、根有机及无机养分,调查春梢叶片表型、... 详细信息

为了研究环割对油茶春梢萌发期营养生长及养分调控的影响及养分与春梢生长特性的关系,以7年生无性系油茶为材料,进行360°环割、180°环割和不环割3种不同环割量试验,于环割口愈合前后分别测定叶、根有机及无机养分,调查春梢叶片表型、新梢长度及粗度等性状特性指标,并进行相关性分析,阐明油茶春梢生长与养分之间的关系。研究结果表明:(1)360°环割抑制了春梢生长,使单叶面积、新梢长度和粗度分别降低了9.47%、24.12%和20.55%,而180°环割对春梢生长影响不明显;(2)环割口愈合前,环割对油茶叶片氮的积累有抑制作用,对叶片磷、钾含量及根系氮、磷、钾的积累均有促进作用,环割口愈合后,环割对根、叶磷的积累影响不明显,但对氮、钾积累的抑制或促进作用仍然存在;(3)360°环割能明显促进油茶春梢叶片对可溶性淀粉和可溶性蛋白的积累,抑制春季叶片中的可溶性糖、可溶性淀粉和可溶性蛋白向根系运输;(4)油茶冬、春季叶片中氮、磷含量越高越有利于春梢生长,冬、春季根中氮、磷、钾养分含量高则始终不利于春梢生长,而春梢生长差会进一步影响根系有机营养的积累。可见环割促进了油茶叶片对磷、钾的积累,抑制了叶片对氮的积累,减弱了叶片的生长,同时影响了春季叶片同化物向根系运输,使360°环割下春梢营养生长受到抑制,而180°环割后叶片有机营养向根系运输,春梢营养生长未受到抑制。

关键词：环割春梢养分油茶相关性

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Strategy for Use of Rice Blast Resistance Genes in Rice Molecular Breeding

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Rice science 2020年第4期27卷 263-277页

作者： xiao Ning WU yunyu LI Aihong Institute of Agricultural Sciences for Lixiahe Region in Jiangsu Yangzhou 225007China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Nanjing 210095China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China

Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production worldwide.The development and rational use of resistant varieties has been the most effective and economical measure to control blast.In this review,we summarized the cloning and utilization of rice blast resistance genes,such as Pi1,Pi2,Pi9,Pi54,Pigm and Piz-t.We concluded that three main problems in the current breeding of rice blast resistance are:availability of few R(resistance)genes that confer resistance to both seedling and panicle blast,the resistance effect of pyramided lines is not the result of a simple accumulation of resistance spectrum,and only a few R genes have been successfully used for molecular breeding.Therefore,novel utilization strategies for rice blast R genes in molecular breeding were proposed,such as accurately understanding the utilization of R genes in main modern rice varieties,creating a core resistant germplasm with excellent comprehensive traits,screening and utilizing broadspectrum and durable resistance gene combinations.Lastly,the trends and possible development direction of blast resistance improvement were also discussed,including new genes regulating resistance identified via GWAS(genome-wide association study)and improving rice blast resistance using genetic editing.

关键词： rice blast resistance gene molecular breeding strategy

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Pijx confers broad-spectrum seedling and panicle blast resistance by promoting the degradation of ATP β subunit and OsRbohC-mediated ROS burst in rice

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Molecular Plant 2023年第11期16卷 1832-1846页

作者： Ning xiao yunyu Wu xiaoxiang Zhang Zeyun Hao Zichun Chen Zefeng Yang Yue Cai Ruyi Wang Ling Yu Zhiping Wang Yue Lu Wei Shi Cunhong Pan Yuhong Li Changhai Zhou Jianju Liu Niansheng Huang Guangqing Liu Hongjuan Ji Shuhao Zhu Shuai Fang Yuese Ning Aihong Li Institute of Agricultural Sciences for Lixiahe Region in Jiangsu Yangzhou Rice Experiment Station of the China Agricultural Research SystemJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingYangzhou 225009China State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics Ministry of EducationJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Rice blast,caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae,is one of the most important diseases of rice.Utilization of blast-resistance genes is the most economical,effective,and environmentally friendly way to control the disease.However,genetic resources with broad-spectrum resistance(BSR)that is effective throughout the rice growth period are rare.In this work,using a genome-wide association study,we identify a new blast-resistance gene,Pijx,which encodes a typical CC-NBS-LRR protein.Pijx is derived from a wild rice species and confers BSR to M.oryzae at both the seedling and panicle stages.The functions of the resistant haplotypes of Pijx are confirmed by gene knockout and overexpression experiments.Mechanistically,the LRR domain in Pijx interacts with and promotes the degradation of the ATP synthase β subunit(ATPb)via the 26S proteasome pathway.ATPb acts as a negative regulator of Pijx-mediated panicle blast resistance,and interacts with OsRbohC to promote its degradation.Consistently,loss of ATPb function causes an increase in NAPDH content and ROS burst.Remarkably,when Pijx is introgressed into two japonica rice varieties,the introgression lines show BSR and increased yields that are approximately 51.59%and 79.31%higher compared with those of their parents in a natural blast disease nursery.In addition,we generate PPL^(Pijx Pigm) and PPL^(Pijx Piz-t) pyramided lines and these lines also have higher BSR to panicle blast compared with Pigm-or Piz-t-containing rice plants.Collectively,this study demonstrates that Pijx not only confers BSR to M.oryzae but also maintains high and stable rice yield,providing new genetic resources and molecular targets for breeding rice varieties with broad-spectrum blast resistance.

关键词： panicle blast broad-spectrum resistance Pijx ATPb ROS burst

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Starch supplementation improves the reproductive performance of sows in different glucose tolerance status

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第4期7卷 1231-1241页

作者： yunyu Yang Ming Deng Jianzhao Chen Xichen Zhao Kaili xiao Wenliang He Xinggang Qiu Yanzhen Xu Yulong Yin Chengquan Tan Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine IndustryInstitute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and FeedGuangzhouGuangdong 510642China Departments of Animal Science and of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunan 410125China Guangdong Natural Industry Co. Ltd.GuangzhouGuangdong 511363China Center of Experimental Teaching for Basic Courses South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510642China College of Animal Science South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510642China

This study was to evaluate the effects of glucose tolerance status,maternal starch supplementation and soybean substitution in diets on the performance of dams and their offspring.Eighty-eight pregnant sows(Landrace x Large White)were selected from an initial total of 120 sows,based on blood glucose test values,and assigned to 4 experimental treatments in a 2×2 factorial design.The factors were glucose tolerance status(glucose intolerant[GIT]vs.normal glucose tolerant[NGT])or dietary treatments(corn starch diet[CS]vs.soybean substitution diet[SSI]).A higher area under the curve(AUC)for post-meal glucose was observed(P<0.05)in the GIT group than in the NGT group on d 109 of gestation.The CS group had a lower value of homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance than the SS group(P<0.05)on d 109 of gestation.Corn starch supplementation for sows decreased the stillbirth rate(P<0.05),regardless of the sows’glucose tolerance status.The villus height of the jejunum and the villus height to crypt depth ratio of the ileum were greater in normal birth weight piglets from the CS group than from the SS group(P<0.01),and so was the activity of sucrase in the jejunum and ileum(P<0.01).Compared with the SS group,the CS group showed a reduction in pre-weaning mortality rate,an increase in the number of high-birth-weight piglets,and a decrease in the number of low-birth-weight piglets(P<0.05)under GIT status.In conclusion,sows fed CS decreased stillbirth rate and improved insulin resistance,as well as improving the intestinal morphology and digestive enzyme activities of their progeny,regardless of glucose tolerance status.Additionally,the CS group improved birth weight distribution and decreased pre-weaning mortality rate of piglets under GIT status.

关键词： Glucose tolerance Insulin resistance Sow Starch Soybean substitution Stillbirth rate

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Characterization and evaluation of rice blast resistance of Chinese indica hybrid rice parental lines

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The Crop Journal 2017年第6期5卷 509-517页

作者： yunyu Wu Ling Yu Ning xiao Zhengyuan Dai Yuhong Li Cunhong Pan xiaoxiang Zhang Guangqing Liu Aihong Li Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou 225009 China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Nanjing 225009 China Jiangsu Golden Land Seed Industry Co. Ltd China

The development of resistant varieties and hybrid combinations has been the most effective and economical strategy to control blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae.However, the distribution of major R genes and blast resistance characterization in hybrid rice parents has not been well investigated, resulting in their limited use in hybrid rice blast-resistance breeding. In the present study, 88 elite indica hybrid rice parental lines were evaluated with 30 isolates of M. oryzae collected from the main planting area of indica hybrid rice in China and were characterized for the presence of 11 major resistance genes using molecular markers. The pathogenicity assays showed that four types of hybrid rice parent line showed some resistance to M. oryzae. However, the proportions of highly resistant lines and the mean resistance frequency(RF) varied among the four types, with resistance in decreasing order shown by three-line restorer lines, three-line maintainer lines, two-line sterile lines, and two-line restorer lines. All 88 hybrid rice parental lines carried more than one R gene, but none carried the R genes Pi1 and Pi2. Although Pid3 and Pi9 were present only in three-line restorer lines and Pigm only in three-line maintainer lines, the remaining six R genes(Pib, Pid2, Pi5, Pia, Pi54, and Pita) were present in the four types of hybrid rice parent with significantly different distribution frequencies. The correlation between R genes and resistance reactions was investigated. The results are expected to provide useful information for rational utilization of major R genes in hybrid rice breeding programs.

关键词： Hybrid rice parental lines Magnaporthe oryzae Pi genes Resistance evaluation Molecular markers

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CRISPR-Cas9-mediated editing of the OsHPPD 30 UTR confers enhanced resistance to HPPDinhibiting herbicides in rice

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Plant Communications 2023年第5期4卷 83-85页

作者： yunyu Wu Ning xiao Yue Cai Qian Yang Ling Yu Zichun Chen Wei Shi Jianju Liu Cunhong Pan Yuhong Li xiaoxiang Zhang Changhai Zhou Niansheng Huang Hongjuan Ji Shuhao Zhu Aihong Li Institute of Agricultural Sciences for Lixiahe Region in Jiangsu Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingYangzhou 225009China

Dear Editor,Loss of yield because of competition from weeds restricts the production of rice(Oryza sativa L.)(Maeda et al.,2019).Application of chemical herbicides is currently the most effective method for controlling weeds during rice production,especially in modern simplified cultivation systems.However,long-term and extensive use of herbicides,such as inhibitors of the enzymes 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase,acetolactate synthase,and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase,has resulted in the emergence of herbicide-resistant weed species as well as soils with high levels of herbicide residues,which limit crop rotation.Therefore,there is an urgent need for alternative herbicides and breeding of corresponding herbicideresistant rice varieties.

关键词： breeding resistance herbicide

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