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Genetic technologies for extremely thermophilic microorganisms of Sulfolobus, the only genetically tractable genus of crenarchaea

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2017年第4期60卷 370-385页

作者： Nan Peng Wenyuan Han Yingjun Li yunxiang liang Qunxin She State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Archaeal Centre Department of Biology University of Copenhagen

Archaea represents the third domain of life, with the information-processing machineries more closely resembling those of eukaryotes than the machineries of the bacterial counterparts but sharing metabolic pathways with organisms of Bacteria, the sister prokaryotic phylum. Archaeal organisms also possess unique features as revealed by genomics and genome comparisons and by biochemical characterization of prominent enzymes. Nevertheless, diverse genetic tools are required for in vivo experiments to verify these interesting discoveries. Considerable efforts have been devoted to the development of genetic tools for archaea ever since their discovery, and great progress has been made in the creation of archaeal genetic tools in the past decade. Versatile genetic toolboxes are now available for several archaeal models, among which Sulfolobus microorganisms are the only genus representing Crenarchaeota because all the remaining genera are from Euryarchaeota. Nevertheless, genetic tools developed for Sulfolobus are probably the most versatile among all archaeal models, and these include viral and plasmid shuttle vectors, conventional and novel genetic manipulation methods, CRISPR-based gene deletion and mutagenesis, and gene silencing, among which CRISPR tools have been reported only for Sulfolobus thus far. In this review, we summarize recent developments in all these useful genetic tools and discuss their possible application to research into archaeal biology by means of Sulfolobus models.

关键词： Sulfolobus genetic manipulation shuttle vector gene knockout selection and counter-selection CRISPR-based gene editing

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Effects of Bacillus subtilis KN-42 on Growth Performance,Diarrhea and Faecal Bacterial Flora of Weaned Piglets

Effects of Bacillus subtilis KN-42 on Growth Performance,Dia...

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2017第二届中国畜牧生物科技大会

作者： Yuanliang Hu Yaohao Dun Shenao Li Shumiao Zhao Nan Peng yunxiang liang State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Life Science and Technology College of Life Sciences Hubei Normal University

This research focused on the effects of different doses of Bacillus subtilis KN-42 on the growth performance,diarrhea incidence,faecal bacterial flora,and the relative number of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli in faeces of weaned piglets to determine whether the strain can serve as a candidate antimicrobial growth promoter.A total of 360 piglets(initial BW 7.14±0.63 kg)weaned at 26±2 days of age were randomly allotted to 5 treatment groups(4 pens per treatment with 18 pigs per pen)for a 28-day trial.Dietary treatments were basal diet without any antimicrobial(negative control;NC),basal diet supplemented with 120 mg/kg feed of neomycin sulfate(positive control;PC)and basal diet supplemented with 2×10(L),4×10(M)and 20×10(H)CFU/kg feed of B.subtilis KN-42.During the overall period,ADG and feed efficiency of piglets were higher in groups PC,M,and H than those in group NC(P<0.05),and all probiotics and antibiotics groups had a lower diarrhea index than group NC(P<0.05).The 16S rDNA gene-based methods were used to analyze faecal bacterial flora on day 28 of experiment.The result of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)analysis showed that supplementation of B.subtilis KN-42 to the diet changed the bacterial communities,with a higher bacterial diversity and band number in group M than in the other four groups.Real-time PCR analysis showed that the relative number of Lactobacillus were higher in groups PC and H than in group NC(P<0.05),and the supplemented B.subtilis KN-42 to the diet also reduced the relative number of E.coli(P<0.05).These results suggest that dietary addition of B.subtilis KN-42 can improve the growth performance and gastrointestinal health of piglets.

关键词： Bacillus subtilis Bacterial community Diarrhea Growth performance Lactobacillus Weaned piglets

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Anti-Obesity and Anti-Hyperlipidemia Effects of Antrodia cinnamomea Mycelial Extract in High-Fructose Diet-Fed Mice

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2021年第1期26卷 39-47页

作者： LI Jinshan WANG Zhuo LIU Yanayang DING Yueyue MEI Zewen MEI Yuxia liang yunxiang College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia 95616USA

This study investigated hypolipidemic,weight-reducing,and hepatoprotective effects of Antrodia cinnamomea mycelial extract obtained from solid-state culture(ACME)in an HFr D-induced obese/hyperlipidemic mouse model.Following 4-week ACME treatment,body weight,epididymal fat index,and some serum biochemical indices were measured.Expression levels of some related genes involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism were analyzed by q RT-PCR.Moreover,histological studies of hepatic tissues were also conducted.After ACME treatment,body weight and epididymal fat index were significantly lower than that in model control group.ACME and simvastatin significantly reduced serum total cholesterol(T-CHO)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels,and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)level.Subsequent experiments showed that:(i)ACME regulated transcriptional expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Co A reductase(HMGR),low-density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR),adipose triglyceride lipase(ATGL),and fatty acid synthase(FAS),with consequent reduction of blood lipid levels and body weight;(ii)ACME enhanced total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity in hepatic tissues;(iii)ACME reduced malondialdehyde(MDA)level and ameliorated lipid oxidative damage in liver.Our findings indicate that ACME is a strong candidate for development as a novel anti-hyperlipidemia and anti-obesity health product.

关键词： Antrodia cinnamomea mycelial extract anti-obesity effect anti-hyperlipidemia effect hepatoprotective effect

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Dietary Enterococcus faecalis LAB31 Improves Growth Performance,Reduces Diarrhea,and Increases Fecal Lactobacillus Number of Weaned Piglets

Dietary Enterococcus faecalis LAB31 Improves Growth Performa...

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2017第二届中国畜牧生物科技大会

作者： Yuanliang Hu Yaohao Dun Shenao Li Dongxiao Zhang Nan Peng Shumiao Zhao yunxiang liang State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural University College of Life Sciences Hubei Normal University

Lactic acid bacteria(LAB)have been shown to enhance performance of weaned piglets.However,few studies have reported the addition of LAB Enterococcus faecalis as alternatives to growth promoting antibiotics for weaned piglets.This study evaluated the effects of dietary E.faecalis LAB31 on the growth performance,diarrhea incidence,blood parameters,fecal bacterial and Lactobacillus communities in weaned piglets.A total of360 piglets weaned at 26±2 days of age were randomly allotted to 5 groups(20 pens,with 4 pens for each group)for a trial of 28 days:group N(negative control,without antibiotics or probiotics):group P(Neomycin sulfate,100mg/kg feed);groups L.M and H(supplemented with E.faecalis LAB31 0.5×10,1.0×10,and 2.5×10 CFU/kg feed,respectively).Average daily gain and feed conversion efficiency were found to be higher in group H than in group N,and showed significant differences between group H and group P(P<0.05).Furthermore,groups H and P had a lower diarrhea index than the other three groups(P<0.05).Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)showed that the application of probiotics to the diet changed the bacterial community,with a higher bacterial diversity in group M than in the other four groups.Real-time PCR.revealed that the relative number of Lactobacillus increased by addition of probiotics,and was higher in group H than in group N(P<0.05).However,group-specific PCR-DGGE showed no obvious difference among the five groups in Lactobacillus composition and diversity.Therefore,the dietary addition of E.faecalis LAB31 can improve growth performance,reduce diarrhea,and increase the relative number of Lactobacillus in feces of weaned piglets.

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改革开放四十年中日关系回顾与思考

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学术前沿 2019年第12期 84-90页

作者：梁云祥北京大学国际关系学院

通过对中日关系四十年历史的简单回顾和整理,可以发现中日关系既有友好合作的时期,也有对抗竞争的时期。尽管两国关系起起落落时好时坏,但是基本上保持了一种和平与稳定的关系。中日关系是国际关系中重要的双边关系之一,在世界经济越来... 详细信息

通过对中日关系四十年历史的简单回顾和整理,可以发现中日关系既有友好合作的时期,也有对抗竞争的时期。尽管两国关系起起落落时好时坏,但是基本上保持了一种和平与稳定的关系。中日关系是国际关系中重要的双边关系之一,在世界经济越来越趋向全球化的今天,中日两国的经济关系、民间文化交流日益密切,这种密切联系对两国之间的政治矛盾具有一定的制约作用。中日关系的最终根本性改善需要两国在增加共同利益和共同责任的基础之上逐渐超越历史并走向未来、超越不同政治制度而以平等法律地位相处、超越国家并扩大民间交流以及推进和实现地区多边合作。

关键词：国家关系安全利益共同责任法律意识

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日本新安保法与中日安全关系——兼论特朗普新政府对安保法实施的影响

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日本学刊 2017年第2期 34-46页

作者：梁云祥北京大学国际关系学院

日本政府推出的安全保障相关法案在国会获得通过后,成为国家法律。日本新安保法的推出,目的是为了配合美国的"亚太再平衡"战略和应对所谓的中国威胁以及朝核、国际恐怖主义等危机。这意味着战后日本安保政策的一次巨大变化。它基本上颠... 详细信息

日本政府推出的安全保障相关法案在国会获得通过后,成为国家法律。日本新安保法的推出,目的是为了配合美国的"亚太再平衡"战略和应对所谓的中国威胁以及朝核、国际恐怖主义等危机。这意味着战后日本安保政策的一次巨大变化。它基本上颠覆了战后日本长期坚持的"专守防卫"政策,解禁了过去一直被禁止的所谓"集体自卫权"。尤其在美国特朗普上台之后对其盟国的政策调整,会更加促使日本积极主动地参与海外军事活动和增强自主防卫能力。这无疑会增加日本对中国的威胁感,中日"安全困境"将进一步加深,同时也会对国际形势尤其是亚太地区的国际形势带来消极影响。新安保法是否真正有机会实际实施以及构成对中国的实际威胁,还要取决于美国以及东亚安全形势和中日两国关系的发展变化。

关键词：日本新安保法中日安全关系亚太安全特朗普政府日美关系

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新中国成立以来的中日关系研究

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中共中央党校（国家行政学院）学报 2020年第2期24卷 84-92页

作者：梁云祥北京大学国际关系学院北京海淀100871

新中国成立后,中日关系进入一个新的历史时期,其中既有相互敌对没有正式外交关系的时期,又有建交后的友好合作时期,以及冷战结束之后既有竞争又有合作的时期。尤其在冷战结束后,随着中日关系中一些结构性矛盾的出现,两国摩擦增多,但当... 详细信息

新中国成立后,中日关系进入一个新的历史时期,其中既有相互敌对没有正式外交关系的时期,又有建交后的友好合作时期,以及冷战结束之后既有竞争又有合作的时期。尤其在冷战结束后,随着中日关系中一些结构性矛盾的出现,两国摩擦增多,但当前的国际环境以及同时作为东亚大国的中日两国相对均衡的国家实力也制约了两国之间的冲突,因此两国政府也在积极摸索管控危机和改善关系的方式和途径。为此,有必要对70多年的中日关系做个总结,从中发现一些经验教训,作为未来发展两国关系的借鉴。

关键词：新中国外交外交目标中日关系中日结构性矛盾

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Effect of Konjac Food on Blood Glucose Level in Patients with Diabetes

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1990年第2期3卷 123-131页

作者： HUANG CHENG-YU ZHANG MAO-YU PENG SHU-SHENG HONG JUN-RONG WANG XU JIANG HUIJUN ZHANG FULIN BAI yunxiang liang JINZHONG Yu YERONG LUO ZHAOTIAN ZHANG XIANGXUN AND ZHOU ZANCHENG School of Public Health West China University of Medical Sciences(WCUMS).ChengduChina Department of Endocrinology First University Hospital of WCUMSChengduChina Staff Hospital of 107 Post Office Box ChengduChina

Seventy-two type II diabetic subjects were given Konjac food for 65 days. The data analyzed by multiple F test indicate that the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and the 2-h postprandial blood glucose (PBG) on the 30th and the 65th days after the food was ingested were significantly reduced (P = 0.001, P 200 mg% decreased on the average by 51.8 and 84.6 mg%. respectively; those with FBG-0 150-200 mg% decreased by 24.1 and 68.7 mg%; and those with FBG-O 200 mg%) significantly decreased by 118.7 mg%. It was concluded that Konjac food is very useful in the prevention and treatment of hyperglycemia. (C)1990 Academic Press. Inc.

关键词： Effect of Konjac Food on Blood Glucose Level in Patients with Diabetes

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新型体外产气法(非瘤胃液)的建立及对两种预处理玉米秸秆饲用价值的评估

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饲料工业 2022年第10期43卷 34-40页

作者：肖雷顿耀豪杨曼胡迪梁运祥华中农业大学生命科学技术学院农业微生物学国家重点实验室湖北武汉430070

试验旨在建立一套不使用瘤胃液作为接种物的新型体外产气方法,并利用该方法研究预处理后的玉米秸秆对反刍动物的饲用价值。从接种物驯化、温度、接种物与底物比例(ISR)和碳酸氢钠添加量等维度对新型体外产气法(非瘤胃液)的实施条件进行... 详细信息

试验旨在建立一套不使用瘤胃液作为接种物的新型体外产气方法,并利用该方法研究预处理后的玉米秸秆对反刍动物的饲用价值。从接种物驯化、温度、接种物与底物比例(ISR)和碳酸氢钠添加量等维度对新型体外产气法(非瘤胃液)的实施条件进行筛选和优化,然后对两种预处理(PTⅠ和PTⅡ)玉米秸秆在水洗前后开展体外试验,收集甲烷累积产量。结果表明:①以微晶纤维素为发酵底物筛选出多轮驯化后的工厂污泥作为接种物,进一步优化得到最适厌氧消化条件为55℃、ISR=2、不添加碳酸氢钠,在该条件下能够稳定实现3 d内纤维原料产气潜力的充分释放。②预处理后秸秆产CH_(4)潜力和产CH4速率都有提高,水洗后产CH_(4)潜力和产CH_(4)速率较水洗前有所降低,PTⅡ对体外产气没有抑制作用。③PTⅠ和PTⅡ分别可使秸秆厌氧消化3 d产CH_(4)量提高19.4%和53.4%,据此可推算每克秸秆经PTⅡ处理后瘤胃消化净能约等于0.50 g葡萄糖消化净能。由此可见,以驯化后的厌氧污泥代替新鲜瘤胃液作为接种物进行3 d体外产气试验,是一种评估反刍动物饲用秸秆预处理效果的可行方法。

关键词：体外产气瘤胃液厌氧污泥秸秆预处理粗饲料

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中日关系“安全困境”的军国主义阴云

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学术前沿 2015年第14期 52-61页

作者：梁云祥北京大学国际关系学院

日本军国主义兴起于20世纪30年代,武士道尚武精神、近代天皇专制体制的建立、殖民主义时代的对外侵略扩张、法西斯主义的影响及军部的崛起、20年代末世界经济危机是导致日本军国主义兴起的主要原因。战后作为体制和政策的军国主义在日... 详细信息

日本军国主义兴起于20世纪30年代,武士道尚武精神、近代天皇专制体制的建立、殖民主义时代的对外侵略扩张、法西斯主义的影响及军部的崛起、20年代末世界经济危机是导致日本军国主义兴起的主要原因。战后作为体制和政策的军国主义在日本遭到整肃而覆灭,但作为思想意识形态的军国主义仍然还有残余。对此应该警惕和反对,但也不应该简单地将目前的日本体制及其政策解读为要恢复军国主义,有可能会导致"自我验证",促使军国主义的思想残余向着体制和政策转变。

关键词：军国主义中日关系殖民主义抗日战争法西斯主义

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