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Influence of ambient temperature on the CO_(2)emitted of light-duty vehicle

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 59-68页

作者： Dan Tan Yachao Wang Jianwei Tan Jiachen Li Changyu Wang yunshan ge School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Because of global warming,people have paid more attention to greenhouse gas emitted by vehicles.To quantify the impact of temperature on vehicle CO_(2)emissions,this study was conducted using the world light vehicle test cycle on two light-duty E10 gasoline vehicles a ambient temperatures of-10,0,23,and 40℃,and found that CO_(2)emission factors of Vehicle1 in the low-speed phase were 22.07%and 20.22%higher than those of Vehicle 2 at cold star and hot start under-10℃.The reason was vehicle 1 had a larger displacement and more friction pairs than vehicle 2.There was the highest CO_(2)emission at the low-speed phase due to low average speed,frequent acceleration,and deceleration.The CO_(2)temperature factor and the ambient temperature had a strong linear correlation(R2=0.99).According to CO_(2)temperature factors and their relationships,CO_(2)emission factors of other ambien temperatures could be calculated when the CO_(2)emission factor of 23℃was obtained,and the method also could be used to obtain the CO_(2)temperature factors of different vehicles.To separate the effect of load setting and temperature variation on CO_(2)emission quantitatively a method was proposed.And results showed that the load setting was dominant for the CO_(2)emission variation.Compared with 23℃,the CO_(2)emission for vehicle 1 caused by load setting variation were 62.83 and 47.42 g/km,respectively at-10 and 0℃,while those fo vehicle 2 were 45.01 and 35.63 g/km,respectively.

关键词： CO_(2)emission Ambient temperature E10 gasoline Light-duty vehicle WLTC

An assessment of how distance and diesel oxidation catalyst will impact thermal decomposition behaviors of particles

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第4期32卷 157-169页

作者： Mengzhu Zhang yunshan ge Chuanzhen Zhang Xin Wang National Laboratory of Auto Performance and Emission Test Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China Baic Motor Corporation LTD. Beijing101300China

Decomposition mass loss and pyrolysis products analyses of particles sampled at various locations along the tailpipe of a Euro-IV diesel engine were performed using a thermo gravimetry in conjunction with Fourier transformation infrared spectrometrymass spectrum.Diesel particles were collected at the same location with and without diesel oxidation catalyst(DOC)mounted on the test engine separately.The three poles in thermal gravity-differential thermal gravity images suggested that the decomposition process of diesel particles could be divided into three stages which correspond to the decompositions of lower boiling substances,higher boiling substances and soot respectively.It is noticed that no matter whether DOC was mounted or not,the further the particles were sampled away from the engine block,the lower the peak temperatures and the heavier the mass losses within the first two stages,which indicated that the soluble organic fraction in the particle samples increased and therefore lowering the activation energy of thermal decomposition.Hydroxyl,ammonia,C_xH_y fragments,benzene,toluene,and phenol were found to be the primary products of particle decomposition,which didn’t change with the location of particle sample point.The employment of DOC increased the activation energy for particle oxidation and resulted in a higher peak temperature and lower mass loss within the first-stage.Moreover,the C=O stretching bands of aldehyde and ketone at 1771 cm-1 was only detected without a DOC,while the N02 peak at 1634 cm-1 was solely noticed with the presence of DOC.Compared to the first-stage pyrolysis products,more polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and less C_xH_y fragments were seen in the second-stage.

关键词： Transport distance Diesel oxidation catalyst Thermal decomposition Pyrolysis products Particle

Research on ammonia emissions characteristics from light-duty gasoline vehicles

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第8期33卷 182-193页

作者： Yingshuai Liu yunshan ge Jianwei Tan Haili Wang Yan Ding Weifang University of Science and Technology Weifang 262700China National Lab of Auto Performance and Emission Test School of Mechanical and Vehicular EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Vehicle Emission Control Center Ministry of Environmental ProtectionBeijing 100012China

In this study,ammonia emissions characteristics of typical light-duty gasoline vehicles were obtained through laboratory vehicle bench test and combined with New European Driving Cycle(NEDC)condition and Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle(WLTC)condition.The influence of ambient temperature on ammonia emissions is mainly concentrated in the cold start stage.The influence of ambient temperature on ammonia emission is shown that the ammonia emissions of light-duty gasoline vehicles under ambient temperature conditions(14 and 23℃)are lower than those under low ambient temperature conditions(-7℃)and high ambient temperature conditions(35 and 40℃).The influence of TWC on ammonia emission is shown that ammonia is a by-product of the catalytic reduction reaction of conventional gas pollutants in the exhaust gas in the TWC.Under NEDC operating conditions and WLTC operating conditions,ammonia emissions after the catalyst are 45 times and 72 times that before the catalyst,respectively.In terms of ammonia emissions control strategy research,Pd/Rh combination can reduce NH3 formation more effectively than catalyst with a single Pd formula.Precise control of the engine’s air-fuel ratio and combination with the optimized matched precious metal ratio TWC can effectively reduce ammonia emissions.

关键词： Ammonia emissions Light-duty gasoline vehicles Three-way catalytic converter Ambient temperature Air-fuel ratio

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轻型车制动颗粒排放研究现状

汽车工程 2024年第5期46卷 830-841,873页

作者：王昌钰李家琛谭丹葛蕴珊北京理工大学机械与车辆学院北京100081

随着汽车排气颗粒物排放标准的日益严格化,制动、轮胎磨损等产生的非排气颗粒物已经超过排气颗粒物成为汽车颗粒排放的主要来源。本文综述了制动颗粒物的研究现状,已有研究表明轻型车实际驾驶条件下制动产生的颗粒物PN排放能够达到10~(1... 详细信息

随着汽车排气颗粒物排放标准的日益严格化,制动、轮胎磨损等产生的非排气颗粒物已经超过排气颗粒物成为汽车颗粒排放的主要来源。本文综述了制动颗粒物的研究现状,已有研究表明轻型车实际驾驶条件下制动产生的颗粒物PN排放能够达到10~(12)#/km级别,PM排放最高可达21 mg/km,均超过国六尾气排放限值,并且有相当一部分集中在极细颗粒物水平(<100 nm),且颗粒物中含有PAHs等致癌物质。未来应制定相应的标准,规范制动颗粒物测量和控制方法。

关键词：制动颗粒物排放非尾气排放交通源排放

Unregulated emissions from a diesel engine equipped with vanadium-based urea-SCR catalyst

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第4期22卷 575-581页

作者： Lei Jiang yunshan ge Asad Naeem Shah Chao He Zhihua Liu School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China. Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Lahore 54000 Pakistan School of Transportation Machinery and Civil Engineering Southwest Forestry College Kunming 650224 China

The present work is aimed at the study of number-size distribution of particles, volatile organic compounds （VOCs）, and carbonyl compounds （CC） or carbonyls emitted from a 4-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine equipped with a vanadium-based urea selective catalytic reduction catalyst. The engine was run on an electric dynamometer in accordance with the European steady-state cycle. Pollutants were analyzed using an electric low pressure impactor, a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, and a high performance liquid chromatography system for the number-size distribution of particles, VOCs, and CC emissions, respectively. Experimental results revealed that total number of particles were decreased, and their number-size distributions were moved from smaller sizes to larger sizes in the presence of the catalyst. The VOCs were greatly reduced downstream of the catalyst. There was a strong correlation between the conversion of styrene and ethyl benzene. The conversion rate of benzene increased with increase of catalyst temperature. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein and acetone were significantly reduced, resulting in a remarkable abatement in carbonyls with the use of the vanadium-based urea-SCR system.

关键词： diesel engine selective catalytic reduction particulate volatile organic compounds carbonyls

Unregulated emissions from diesel engine with particulate filter using Fe-based fuel borne catalyst

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第10期26卷 2027-2033页

作者： Hong Zhao yunshan ge Tiezhu Zhang Jipeng Zhang Jianwei Tan Hongxin Zhang College of Mechanical & Electronic Engineering Qingdao University National Lab of Auto Performance & Emission Test Beijing Institute of Technology

The alteration and formation of toxic compounds and potential changes in the toxicity of emissions when using after-treatment technologies have gained wide attention. Volatile organic compound（VOC）, carbonyl compound and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon（PAH） emissions were tested at European Steady State Cycle（ESC） to study unregulated emissions from a diesel engine with a fuel-borne catalyst and diesel particulate filter（FBC–DPF）. An Fe-based fuel-borne catalyst was used for this study. According to the results, brake specific emissions of total VOCs without and with DPF were 4.7 and4.9 mg/kWh, respectively, showing a 4.3% increase. Benzene and n-undecane emissions increased and toluene emission decreased, while other individual VOC emissions basically had no change. When retrofitted with the FBC–DPF, total carbonyl compound emission decreased 15.7%, from 25.8 to 21.8 mg/kWh. The two highest carbonyls, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, were reduced from 20.0 and 3.7 to 16.5 and 3.3 mg/kWh respectively. The specific reactivity（SR） with DPF was reduced from 6.68 to 6.64 mg/kWh. Total particle-phase PAH emissions decreased 66.4% with DPF compared to that without DPF. However, the Benzo[a]pyrene equivalent（BaPeq） with DPF had increased from 0.016 to 0.030 mg/kWh.Fluoranthene and Pyrene had the greatest decrease, 91.1% and 88.4% respectively. The increase of two- and three-ring PAHs with DPF indicates that the fuel-borne catalyst caused some gas-phase PAHs to adsorb on particles. The results of this study expand the knowledge of the effects of using a particulate filter and a Fe-based fuel-borne catalyst on diesel engine unregulated emissions.

关键词： Fuel-borne catalyst DPF VOCs Carbonyl compounds Particle-phase PAHs

重型柴油车实际道路NO_(x)排放分析方法研究

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汽车工程 2024年第1期46卷 151-160页

作者：吕立群徐龙尹航杨杨葛蕴珊北京理工大学机械与车辆学院北京100081 潍柴动力股份有限公司排放法规室潍坊261061 中国环境科学研究院机动车排污监控中心北京100021

利用PEMS对6辆典型国六重型柴油车开展实际道路排放测试,基于功基窗口法(中国和欧盟)、NTE法(美国EPA)和3B-MAW法(美国CARB)研究了重型柴油车实际道路NO_(x)排放特性,探讨了不同分析方法的特点及适用性。结果表明:基于功基窗口法的NO_(x... 详细信息

利用PEMS对6辆典型国六重型柴油车开展实际道路排放测试,基于功基窗口法(中国和欧盟)、NTE法(美国EPA)和3B-MAW法(美国CARB)研究了重型柴油车实际道路NO_(x)排放特性,探讨了不同分析方法的特点及适用性。结果表明:基于功基窗口法的NO_(x)排放结果符合中国和欧盟的监管要求,但基于NTE法和3B-MAW法的NO_(x)排放合规性具有不确定性。NO_(x)排放数据利用率低导致NTE法无法有效分析实际道路NO_(x)排放,3B-MAW法对NO_(x)排放分类管理值得借鉴。冷起动NO_(x)排放占PEMS试验的47.3%~80.7%,重型柴油车冷起动NO_(x)排放应被重视。然而目前中国、欧盟和美国的重型车实际道路NO_(x)排放分析方法均无法有效评估冷起动NO_(x)排放。因此,下阶段排放法规对冷起动NO_(x)排放的监管应当提出相应测试循环、分析方法和排放限值,切实降低重型柴油车NO_(x)实际排放。

关键词：重型柴油车实际道路NO_(x)排放 NTE法功基窗口法 3B-MAW法

Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions from diesel engine retrofitted with selective catalytic reduction and continuously regenerating trap

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第8期24卷 1449-1456页

作者： Asad Naeem Shah yunshan ge Jianwei Tan Zhihua Liu Chao He Tao Zeng National Lab of Auto Performance and Emission Test School of Mechanical and Vehicular EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore 54000Pakistan

Two after treatment units, selective catalytic reduction （SCR） and continuously regenerating trap （CRT）, were independently retrofitted to a diesel engine, with the objective to investigate their impact on the conversion/reduction （CR） of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）. The experiments were conducted under the European steady state cycle （ESC） first without any retrofits to get baseline emissions, and then with SCR and CRT respectively, on the same engine. The particulate matter （PM）-phase PAHs were trapped in fiberglass filters, whereas gas-phase PAHs were collected in cartridges, and then analyzed using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer （GC-MS）. Both PM-phase and gas-phase PAHs were greatly reduced with CRT showing respective CR of 90.7% and above 80%, whereas only gas-phase PAHs were abated in the case of SCR, with CR of above 75%. Lower molecular weight （LMW） PAHs were in abundance, while naphthalene exhibited a maximum relative contribution （RC） to LMW-PAHs for all three cases. Further, the CR of naphthalene and anthracene were increased with increasing catalyst temperature of SCR, most likely due to their conversion to solid particles. Moreover, the Benzo[a]Pyrene equivalent （BaPeq） of PAHs was greatly reduced with CRT, owing to substantial reduction of total PAHs.

关键词： diesel engine continuously regenerating trap urea-selective catalytic reduction polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons unregulated emissions

Effects of different mixing ratios on emissions from passenger cars fueled with methanol/gasoline blends

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第11期23卷 1831-1838页

作者： Hong Zhao yunshan ge Jianwei Tan Hang Yin Jiadong Guo Wei Zhao Peipei Dai National Lab of Auto Performance ＆ Emission Test Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China College of Mechanical ＆ Electronic Engineering Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China The Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science Beijing 100012China

Regulated and unregulated emissions from four passenger cars fueled with methanol/gasoline blends at different mixing ratios （M15,M20,M30,M50,M85 and M100） were tested over the New European Driving Cycle （NEDC）.Volatile organic compounds （VOCs） were sampled by Tenax TA and analyzed by thermal desorption-gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer （TD-GC/MS）.Carbonyls were trapped on dinitrophenylhydrazine （DNPH） cartridges and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）.The results showed that total emissions of VOCs and BTEX （benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,p,m,o-xylene） from all vehicles fueled with methanol/gasoline blends were lower than those from vehicles fueled with only gasoline.Compared to the baseline,the use of M85 decreased BTEX emissions by 97.4%,while the use of M15 decreased it by 19.7%.At low-to-middle mixing ratios （M15,M20,M30 and M50）,formaldehyde emissions showed a slight increase while those of high mixing ratios （M85 and M100） were three times compared with the baseline gasoline only.When the vehicles were retrofitted with new three-way catalytic converters （TWC）,emissions of carbon monoxide （CO）,total hydrocarbon （THC）,and nitrogen oxides （NOx） were decreased by 24%–50%,10%–35%,and 24%–58% respectively,compared with the cars using the original equipment manufacture （OEM） TWC.Using the new TWC,emissions of formaldehyde and BTEX were decreased,while those of other carbonyl increased.It is necessary that vehicles fueled with methanol/gasoline blends be retrofitted with a new TWC.In addition,the specific reactivity of emissions of vehicles fueled with M15 and retrofitted with the new TWC was reduced from 4.51 to 4.08 compared to the baseline vehicle.This indicates that the use of methanol/gasoline blend at a low mixing ratio may have lower effect on environment than gasoline.

关键词： mixing ratio methanol/gasoline blend BTEX carbonyl compounds new three-way catalytic converter