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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Jun-Qiang Chen Qiao-Hong Li Qin-Long Hong Ping shao Hai-Xia Zhang Jian Zhang State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences

Single-atom catalyst has garnered widespread attention to mimic mature enzymes due to its well-defined atomic structure and coordination environments. However, since the carbon–carbon（C–C） coupling reactions require synergistic catalysis of multiple sites, single-atom catalysts suffer from insufficient active sites and unclear reaction mechanisms. Controlling the reaction intermediates in a precisely targeted pocket through careful metal–organic cage design is therefore crucial. Here, we prepare a tetrahedral [Cu6L4]-type boron–imidazolate cage integrating highly active Cu sites and optimized cavity, which exhibits enzyme like specific catalytic performance in electrochemical CO2reduction reaction（CO2RR） to enhance the selectivity of *** analyses and computational calculations suggest that the single Cu site together with neighboring boron–imidazolate ligands provides suitably synergistic effects that enable the energetically favorable formation of an *COCHO intermediate, a key step determining selectivity. As a result, the [Cu6L4]-type cage of BIC-145 achieves a Faradaic efficiency of 28% for C2H4maintaining an average current density of -3.54 mA cm-2over a 5-hour electrolysis period. This work represents the first example for studying single-metal site catalysts with ultra-low coordination numbers through the rational design of metal–organic cages.

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High-resolution imaging through dynamic scattering media: Iterative optimization based on polarimetric characteristics

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Science China Technological Sciences 2025年第1期 82-84页

作者： Meng XIANG Kai DENG Tianyu WANG Jinpeng LIU Xue DONG Teli XI Fei LIU Xiaopeng shao School of Optoelectronic Engineering Xidian University Xi'an Key Laboratory of Computational Imaging National Key Laboratory of Infrared Detection Technologies

High-resolution imaging through randomly dynamic scattered fields and highly scattered walls is an extensively sought-after capability with potential applications in various fields such as underwater imaging, biomedical imaging, and seeing through fog. Numerous methods have been proposed to unscramble object information from degraded scattered images, resulting in considerable improvements in image contrast in degraded scenarios [1].

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Insufficient MIRO1 contributes to declined oocyte quality during reproductive aging

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Zhen-Nan Pan Hao-Lin Zhang Kun-Huan Zhang Jia-Qian Ju Jing-Cai Liu shao-Chen Sun College of Animal Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Reproductive Medicine Centre The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University

Mitochondrial Rho-GTPase 1 (MIRO1) is an outer mitochondrial membrane protein which regulates mitochondrial transport and mitophagy in mitosis. In present study, we reported the crucial roles of MIRO1 in mammalian oocyte meiosis and its potential relationship with aging. We found that MIRO1 expressed in mouse and porcine oocytes, and its expression decreased in aged mice. MIRO1 deficiency caused the failure of meiotic resumption and polar body extrusion in both mouse and porcine oocytes, which could be rescued by exogenous MIRO1supplementation. Mass spectrometry data indicated that MIRO1 associated with several cytoskeleton and cell cycle-related proteins, and MIRO1 regulated motor protein Dynein for microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) dynamics at germinal vesicle (GV) stage, which determined meiotic resumption. Furthermore, we found that MIRO1 regulated Aurora A and kinesin family member 11 (KIF11) for meiotic spindle assembly in oocytes. Besides, MIRO1 associated with several mitochondria-related proteins dynamic-related protein 1 (DRP1),Parkin and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) for mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy during oocyte meiosis. Taken together, our results suggested that MIRO1 played pivotal roles in meiotic resumption, spindle assembly and mitochondrial function in mouse and porcine oocytes, and its insufficiency might contribute to the oocyte maturation defects during aging.

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新质生产力的概念深诠与机理再探——兼论其在农业农村领域的实践

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河北学刊 2025年第1期45卷 20-29页

作者：解安邵景润清华大学马克思主义学院清华大学城镇化与城乡统筹研究中心

发展新质生产力是中共二十届三中全会的重要议题之一,是推动经济高质量发展的关键。新质生产力的本源概念产生于社会转型时期现实问题的需要,经过“酝酿、出场、应用”三个阶段的动态演进,展现出强烈的实践性和时代性。培育新质生产力... 详细信息

发展新质生产力是中共二十届三中全会的重要议题之一,是推动经济高质量发展的关键。新质生产力的本源概念产生于社会转型时期现实问题的需要,经过“酝酿、出场、应用”三个阶段的动态演进,展现出强烈的实践性和时代性。培育新质生产力的关键机理在于以科技创新引领产业创新、以技术创新推动技术应用,构成“劳动者+基础创新+应用创新”的三维实践理路。广阔的国土空间决定了发展新质生产力具体路径的多元性,有必要从抽象走向具体,考察相对微观层面的经验做法。基于新疆尉犁的案例分析表明,推动农业农村领域的新质生产力发展,可以通过数智技术、生物技术来革新农业劳动资料,通过激活乡村土地资源、文化资源、数据资源和生态资源来拓展劳动对象,积极培育和引进优质个体劳动者与协作劳动组织,充分发挥区域资源禀赋。

关键词：新质生产力概念新质生产力机理农业农村领域案例分析

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Single-cell omics: experimental workflow, data analyses and applications

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 5-102页

作者： Fengying Sun Haoyan Li Dongqing Sun Shaliu Fu Lei Gu Xin shao Qinqin Wang Xin Dong Bin Duan Feiyang Xing Jun Wu Minmin Xiao Fangqing Zhao Jing-Dong J.Han Qi Liu Xiaohui Fan Chen Li Chenfei Wang Tieliu Shi Department of Clinical Laboratory the Affiliated Wuhu Hospital of East China Normal University (The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City) Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University) Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic DepartmentTongji HospitalBioinformatics DepartmentSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Frontier Science Center for Stem Cells School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine Shanghai East HospitalBioinformatics DepartmentSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Research Institute of Intelligent Computing Zhejiang Lab Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Center for Single-cell Omics School of Public HealthShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization Innovation Center of Yangtze River DeltaZhejiang University Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biologythe Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life SciencesEast China Normal University Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesCenter for Quantitative Biology (CQB)Peking University Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science-MOE School of StatisticsEast China Normal University

Cells are the fundamental units of biological systems and exhibit unique development trajectories and molecular features. Our exploration of how the genomes orchestrate the formation and maintenance of each cell, and control the cellular phenotypes of various organismsis, is both captivating and intricate. Since the inception of the first single-cell RNA technology, technologies related to single-cell sequencing have experienced rapid advancements in recent years. These technologies have expanded horizontally to include single-cell genome, epigenome,proteome, and metabolome, while vertically, they have progressed to integrate multiple omics data and incorporate additional information such as spatial sc RNA-seq and CRISPR screening. Single-cell omics represent a groundbreaking advancement in the biomedical field,offering profound insights into the understanding of complex diseases, including cancers. Here, we comprehensively summarize recent advances in single-cell omics technologies, with a specific focus on the methodology section. This overview aims to guide researchers in selecting appropriate methods for single-cell sequencing and related data analysis.

关键词： single-cell sequencing genome epigenome proteomics metabolomics multimodal spatial transcriptomics CRISPR screening

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双针-板结构脉冲气泡放电等离子体固氮研究

原子与分子物理学报 2025年第6期42卷 122-128页

作者：赵少伟张丽方志南京工业大学电气工程与控制科学学院南京211816

大气压低温等离子体可以利用空气直接进行氧化固氮,具有反应条件温和、参数灵活可控、避免温室气体排放等优点.本文利用双针-板电极在水中形成气泡放电等离子体,以空气为放电气体进行了固氮研究,分析了产物浓度和固氮能耗的影响因素.研... 详细信息

大气压低温等离子体可以利用空气直接进行氧化固氮,具有反应条件温和、参数灵活可控、避免温室气体排放等优点.本文利用双针-板电极在水中形成气泡放电等离子体,以空气为放电气体进行了固氮研究,分析了产物浓度和固氮能耗的影响因素.研究结果表明,等离子体中含有丰富的氮原子、氧原子、氢原子、激发态氮分子等活性物种,可高效合成硝态含氮产物.研究发现,脉冲参数、电极间隙、工作气体组分对气泡放电等离子体的固氮性能有重要影响.装置最高NO~-_x合成速率为19.2μmol/min,最小能耗约为11 MJ/mol.此外还发现,电极间隙为6 mm时,固氮性能最优;空气中增加适量氧气(氧气/氮气比例为0.4)可以增强产物合成,降低能耗.

关键词：低温等离子体纳秒脉冲放电气液放电固氮

Primary parenchymal squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第4期13卷 34-40页

作者： Zhi-Hui Zheng Bo shao Chao-Min Xu Ke Wang Jia-Zhu Wen Li-Kang Luo Jia-Cheng Guan Department of Ultrasound The Second People’s Hospital of QuzhouQuzhou 324000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Radiology Shulan(Quzhou)HospitalQuzhou 324000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Radiology The Second People’s Hospital of QuzhouQuzhou 324000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Pathology The Second people’s Hospital of QuzhouQuzhou 324000Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Primary squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)of the renal parenchyma is extremely rare,with only nine cases *** SUMMARY This study reports a 51-year-old man with primary SCC of the renal *** patient was admitted with recurrent dull pain and discomfort in the right lumbar region,which had worsened over 2 weeks,accompanied by painful gross *** antigen(SCCA)levels were elevated,and imaging revealed a renal mass with associated *** patient underwent laparoscopic unilateral nephrectomy and lymph node *** pathology confirmed highly differentiated SCC with necrosis in the right renal parenchyma,with negative renal pelvis and *** pathological stage was *** months after surgery,the tumor recurred with involvement of the liver,right psoas major muscle,and inferior vena *** patient refused chemotherapy and succumbed to the disease 6 months postoperatively due to disease *** We report a case of primary SCC of the renal parenchyma,a rare renal *** clinical symptoms,laboratory tests,and imaging findings are nonspecific,making accurate and timely diagnosis *** to the literature,for patients with renal calculi accompanied by a renal mass,elevated serum SCCA levels,and magnetic resonance imaging showing cystic or cystic-solid masses within the kidney with pseudocapsules and heterogeneous mild enhancement,the possibility of this disease should be considered.

关键词： Renal tumor Renal parenchyma Squamous cell carcinoma Renal calculi Computed tomography Case report

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嵌入式系统的需求描述综述

软件学报 2025年第1期36卷 27-46页

作者：陈小红刘少彬金芝上海市高可信计算重点实验室(华东师范大学) 高可信软件技术教育部重点实验室(北京大学) 北京大学计算机学院

随着嵌入式系统的广泛应用,其需求正变得越来越复杂,需求分析成为嵌入式系统开发的关键阶段,如何准确地建模和描述需求成为首要问题.系统地调研嵌入式系统的需求描述,并进行全面的比较分析,以便更深入地理解嵌入式系统需求的核心关注点... 详细信息

随着嵌入式系统的广泛应用,其需求正变得越来越复杂,需求分析成为嵌入式系统开发的关键阶段,如何准确地建模和描述需求成为首要问题.系统地调研嵌入式系统的需求描述,并进行全面的比较分析,以便更深入地理解嵌入式系统需求的核心关注点.首先采用系统化文献综述方法,对1979年1月–2023年11月间发表的相关文献进行识别、筛选、汇总和分析.通过自动检索和滚雪球等检索过程,筛选出150篇与主题密切相关的文献,力求文献综述的全面性.其次,从需求描述关注点、需求描述维度、需求分析要素等方面,分析现有嵌入式需求描述语言的表达能力.最后,总结现有嵌入式系统软件需求描述所面临的挑战,并针对嵌入式软件智能合成任务,提出对嵌入式系统需求描述方法表达能力的要求.

关键词：嵌入式系统需求描述需求描述语言需求分析系统需求

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用于水下图像增强的多层级联融合增强网络

电光与控制 2025年第1期32卷 68-73页

作者：王炫钧邵菲马彦卿西安建筑科技大学理学院西安710000

为了提高水下无人潜航器决策的准确性,构建了一种用于增强水下图像的多层级联融合增强网络。首先,设计注意力引导的色彩增强模块并结合多层级联增强架构,在提取图像多尺度特征的同时,加强特征重用;其次,设计全局调整模块,将Swin Transfo... 详细信息

为了提高水下无人潜航器决策的准确性,构建了一种用于增强水下图像的多层级联融合增强网络。首先,设计注意力引导的色彩增强模块并结合多层级联增强架构,在提取图像多尺度特征的同时,加强特征重用;其次,设计全局调整模块,将Swin Transformer与扩张卷积相结合,提升网络对于退化图像整体增强效果;最后,将各模块提取到的特征信息经由三重特征聚合模块进行融合增强,得到增强水下图像。为了可以更好地训练模型,构造了联合损失函数。与其他水下图像增强方法的对比实验结果表明,所提方法对于水下图像存在的色偏、模糊等问题均有着良好的增强效果,并对后续特征提取任务的完成有着较大的促进作用。

关键词：水下无人潜航器水下图像增强多层级联增强架构全局调整三重特征聚合

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LEAST-SQUARES MIXED FINITE ELEMENT METHODS FOR THE INCOMPRESSIBLE MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC EQUATIONS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2005年第3期23卷 327-336页

作者： shao-qinGao ICMSEC AcademyofMathematicsandSystemSciencesChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100080China//DepartmentofMathemaitcsHebeiUnviersityBaoding071002China

Least-squares mixed finite element methods are proposed and analyzed for the incompressible magnetohydrodynamic equations, where the two vorticities are additionally introduced as independent variables in order that the primal equations are transformed into the first-order systems. We show that there hold the coerciveness and the optimal error bound in appropriate norms for all variables under consideration, which can be approximated by all kinds of continuous element. Consequently, the Babuska-Brezzi condition(i.e. the inf-sup condition) and the indefiniteness are avoided which are essential features of the classical mixed methods.

关键词： the incompressible magnetohydrodynamic equation vorticity least-squaresmixed finite element method