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Versatile MXene Gels Assisted by Brief and Low‑Strength Centrifugation

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第5期16卷 231-247页

作者： Weiyan Yu Yi Yang yunjing wang Lulin Hu Jingcheng Hao Lu Xu Weimin Liu State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000People’s Republic of China Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai Yantai 264006People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials Shandong UniversityJinan 250100People’s Republic of China

Due to the mutual repulsion between their hydrophilic surface terminations and the high surface energy facilitating their ran-dom restacking,2D MXene nanosheets usually cannot self-assemble into 3D macroscopic gels with various applications in the absence of proper linking *** this work,a rapid spontaneous gelation of Ti3C2Tx MXene with a very low dispersion concentration of 0.5 mg mL^(-1) into multifunctional architectures under moderate centrifugation is *** as-prepared MXene gels exhibit reconfigurable internal structures and tunable rheological,tribological,electrochemical,infrared-emissive and photothermal-conversion properties based on the pH-induced changes in the surface chemistry of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) *** adopting a gel with optimized pH value,high lubrication,exceptional specific capacitances(~635 and~408 F g^(-1) at 5 and 100 mV s^(-1),respectively),long-term capacitance retention(~96.7%after 10,000 cycles)and high-precision screen-or extrusion-printing into different high-resolution anticounterfeiting patterns can be achieved,thus displaying extensive potential applications in the fields of semi-solid lubrication,control-lable devices,supercapacitors,information encryption and infrared camouflaging.

关键词： MXene Centrifugation-assisted rapid gelation Lubrication Supercapacitor Anti-counterfeiting applications

科研不端行为刑法规制探赜——基于对《科研失信行为调查处理规则》规范的解读

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西部学刊 2024年第15期 85-88,117页

作者：王韵晶北京师范大学法学院北京100875

科技部等二十二部门修订的《科研失信行为调查处理规则》注重同《科技进步法》的衔接,在规范程序上更为周全,惩戒力度有所加大,更注重科研诚信,对科研不端行为的治理愈发规范化、协同化、体系化,科学共同体与国家社会之间的联结愈发紧... 详细信息

科技部等二十二部门修订的《科研失信行为调查处理规则》注重同《科技进步法》的衔接,在规范程序上更为周全,惩戒力度有所加大,更注重科研诚信,对科研不端行为的治理愈发规范化、协同化、体系化,科学共同体与国家社会之间的联结愈发紧密。由于科研不端行为表现隐秘化、内容多样化,将刑法规制引入科研不端行为规制手段,在补充过去民法与行政法规制空白的同时,能以更强制的手段打击科研不端行为。对于严重侵害科研伦理规范、严重损害公共财产和人身安全的科研不端行为,才可适用刑法加以规制。应秉持宽严相济的刑事政策,在明确科研不端行为构成要件和规制目的的基础上,从现有的诈骗、行贿受贿等罪名中寻找合适的规制手段。

关键词：《科研失信行为调查处理规则》科研不端行为刑法规制

机动车蒸发排放研究方法及排放特征的研究进展

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环境科学研究 2024年第4期37卷 728-740页

作者：张瀛杨新平王运静赵海光彭頔丁焰中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护机动车污染控制与模拟重点实验室北京100012 中国环境科学研究院机动车排污监控中心北京100012

在机动车保有量急剧增加的背景下,机动车蒸发排放是大气环境中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的主要人为源之一.本文归纳了蒸发排放的研究方法,在实验室测试层面概述了VOCs测试流程并综合比对了不同国家和地区的排放标准,在模型模拟层面对蒸发排放... 详细信息

在机动车保有量急剧增加的背景下,机动车蒸发排放是大气环境中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的主要人为源之一.本文归纳了蒸发排放的研究方法,在实验室测试层面概述了VOCs测试流程并综合比对了不同国家和地区的排放标准,在模型模拟层面对蒸发排放模型进行归纳总结,在此基础上综述了蒸发排放的VOCs排放特征及其环境效应.结果表明:①蒸发排放测试研究聚焦热浸排放和昼间排放环节,昼间排放的有机物排放总量一般高于热浸排放.②不同蒸发排放环节的有机物源谱受机制影响存在显著差异,其中芳香烃在热浸排放VOCs中的占比明显高于昼间排放.③烷烃是整个蒸发过程中排放量占比最高的VOCs物种,而高反应活性的烯烃和芳香烃是对臭氧生成潜势贡献率最高的物种.研究显示,未来机动车蒸发排放研究应深入对加油排放和运行损失过程的测试,从而综合比对蒸发排放不同环节的VOCs排放特征;还应将整车测试、零部件测试(炭罐逸出排放测试等)和模型模拟相结合,构建蒸发排放VOCs精细化源谱,为机动车蒸发排放的持续有效管控及新车排放标准升级提供科学支撑.

关键词：机动车蒸发排放排放因子挥发性有机物(VOCs) 源谱

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乙醇汽油对汽车污染物排放影响研究进展

环境科学研究 2024年第3期37卷 514-524页

作者：魏阳冰陈宏飞谢沛远孙文欣朱仁成王运静张超越郑州大学生态与环境学院河南郑州450001 中国环境科学研究院北京100012

“双碳”背景下,替代燃料乙醇汽油的推广应用在汽车减污降碳和能源安全领域受到广泛关注.为研究乙醇汽油对汽车污染物和温室气体排放的影响,本研究基于大量文献数据,统计分析了乙醇汽油的使用对汽车尾气常规气态污染物、颗粒物(PM)、温... 详细信息

“双碳”背景下,替代燃料乙醇汽油的推广应用在汽车减污降碳和能源安全领域受到广泛关注.为研究乙醇汽油对汽车污染物和温室气体排放的影响,本研究基于大量文献数据,统计分析了乙醇汽油的使用对汽车尾气常规气态污染物、颗粒物(PM)、温室气体、挥发性有机物(VOCs)以及蒸发排放的影响,并综合评估其对二氧化碳(CO_(2))、PM和VOCs的减排效果,进一步针对典型区域分析乙醇汽油推广应用带来的环境效益.结果表明:①与传统汽油相比,乙醇汽油的使用可以降低尾气中总碳氢化合物(THC)、一氧化碳(CO)、氮氧化物(NOx)、VOCs、PM及其数量的排放,其降幅分别为10.0%、22.0%、1.3%、17.7%、21.3%、14.9%,且减排率均随汽油中乙醇含量的升高而增高,但是有增加VOCs蒸发排放量的趋势.②乙醇汽油对尾气中温室气体的减排效果并不显著,但通过减少化石燃料的使用能在一定程度上减少机动车尾气中CO_(2)的排放.以2022年河南省轻型汽油车保有量为基准,评估了河南省全省推广乙醇汽油(E10汽油)后轻型汽油车CO_(2)、PM及VOCs的减排量,分别为9.1×10^(5)、92.4和1118.1 t/a.研究显示,乙醇汽油的推广使用具有一定的减污降碳协同效益,加强蒸发排放控制能够进一步降低使用乙醇汽油时的污染物排放.

关键词：乙醇汽油尾气排放蒸发排放颗粒物(PM) 挥发性有机物(VOCs) 温室气体

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Self-Exfoliation of Flake Graphite for Bioinspired Compositing with Aramid Nanofiber toward Integration of Mechanical and Thermoconductive Properties

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第10期14卷 235-247页

作者： Limei Huang Guang Xiao yunjing wang Hao Li Yahong Zhou Lei Jiang Jianfeng wang College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082People’s Republic of China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082People’s Republic of China CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interface Sciences Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry ChineseAcademy of SciencesBeijing 100190People’s Republic of China

Flexible yet highly thermoconductive materials are essential for the development of next-generation flexible electronic ***,we report a bioinspired nanostructured film with the integration of large ductility and high thermal conductivity based on self-exfoliated pristine graphene and three-dimensional aramid nanofiber network.A self-grinding strategy to directly exfoliate flake graphite into few-layer and few-defect pristine graphene is successfully developed through mutual shear friction between graphite particles,generating largely enhanced yield and productivity in comparison to normal liquid-based exfoliation strategies,such as ultrasonication,high-shear mixing and ball *** by nacre,a new bioinspired layered structural design model containing three-dimensional nanofiber network is proposed and implemented with an interconnected aramid nanofiber network and high-loading graphene nanosheets by a developed continuous assembly strategy of sol-gel-film *** is revealed that the bioinspired film not only exhibits nacre-like ductile deformation behavior by releasing the hidden length of curved aramid nanofibers,but also possesses good thermal transport ability by directionally conducting heat along pristine graphene nanosheets.

关键词： Graphene Aramid nanofiber Self-grinding exfoliation Bioinspired structure Functional material

Surface defect and lattice engineering of Bi_(5)O_(7)Br ultrathin nanosheets for efficient photocatalysis

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Nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 248-255页

作者： yunjing wang Hongchen He Yunjiang wang Meili Xie Feng Jing Xianhong Yin Feilong Hu Yan Mi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products State Ethnic Affairs CommissionGuangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest ProductsGuangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest ProductsGuangxi Minzu UniversityNanning 530006China

The effective separation and migration of photogenerated charge carriers in bulk and on the surface of photocatalysts will significantly promote photocatalytic ***,the synchronous regulation of photocharges on both counts is ***,the simultaneous separation of bulk and surface photocharges is conducted to enhance photocatalytic activity by coupling the surface defects and lattice engineering of bismuth *** depth-modulated Bi_(5)O_(7)Br ultrathin nanosheets with an abundance of bismuth in the crystal structure increased the internal electric field,which propelled the separation and migration of photocharges from bulk to the *** of oxygen vacancies(OVs)on the nanosheet surface forms local electric fields,which can stimulate the migration of charges to active sites on the catalyst ***,the OV-assembled Bi_(5)O_(7)Br nanosheets demonstrated enhanced photocatalytic degradation efficiency under simulated solar-light *** study proved the possibility of charge governing via electric field modulation based on an integrated strategy.

关键词： lattice engineering internal electric field oxygen vacancies photocharge separation bismuth oxybromide

基于轻量化U^(2)-Net的车道线检测算法研究

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汽车工程师 2024年第8期 22-28页

作者：邓欢王健吴孟军杜若飞费明哲王云靖山东交通学院济南250357 宁波市鄞州德来特技术有限公司宁波315100

针对车道线遮挡、道路阴影等多车道驾驶环境下提取的车道线特征信息缺失造成预测车道线模糊、不连续等问题,提出一种基于轻量化U^(2)-Net的车道线检测算法。首先,以轻量化U^(2)-Net的残差U形模块(RSU)和多特征尺度融合获得全局信息丰富... 详细信息

针对车道线遮挡、道路阴影等多车道驾驶环境下提取的车道线特征信息缺失造成预测车道线模糊、不连续等问题,提出一种基于轻量化U^(2)-Net的车道线检测算法。首先,以轻量化U^(2)-Net的残差U形模块(RSU)和多特征尺度融合获得全局信息丰富的车道线特征;其次,对车道线特征进行逐像素阈值判断,并选择最小二乘法结合感兴趣区域(ROI)中车道线簇进行车道线的拟合,实现多车道线检测并确认自车道线区域;最后,在图森(TuSimple)数据集上进行验证与分析。验证结果表明,所提出的车道线检测算法的平均准确率达到98.4%,相比于其他车道线检测网络,该算法的网络参数量较少,准确率较高。

关键词：轻量化U^(2)-Net 残差U形模块多车道线检测自车道线

Transcriptional and post‑transcriptional regulation of RNAi‑related gene expression during plant‑virus interactions

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Stress Biology 2022年第1期2卷 287-298页

作者： Qian Gong yunjing wang Zhenhui Jin Yiguo Hong Yule Liu MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Plant Biology School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Beijing 100084China Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling College of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 311121China School of Science and the Environment University of WorcesterWorcester WR26AJUK School of Life Sciences University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK

As sessile organisms,plants encounter diverse invasions from pathogens including *** survive and thrive,plants have evolved multilayered defense mechanisms to combat virus ***,also known as RNA silencing,is an across-kingdom innate immunity and gene regulatory *** framework and crucial roles of RNAi in antiviral defense have been ***,it is largely unknown that how RNAi is transcriptionally regulated to initiate,maintain and enhance cellular silencing under normal or stress ***,insights into the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of RNAi-related genes in different physiological processes have been *** this review,we integrate these new findings to provide updated views on how plants modulate RNAi machinery at the(post-)transcriptional level to respond to virus infection.

关键词： Transcriptional regulation RNAi Gene expression Virus Plant immunity

EDU-GAN:Edge Enhancement Generative Adversarial Networks with Dual-Domain Discriminators for Inscription Images Denoising

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 1633-1653页

作者： yunjing Liu Erhu Zhang Jingjing wang Guangfeng Lin Jinghong Duan School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an710048China Department of Information Science Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an710054China School of Faculty of Painting Packaging Engineering and Digital MediaXi’an University of TechnologyXi’an710048China School of Computer Science and Engineering Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an710048China

Recovering high-quality inscription images from unknown and complex inscription noisy images is a challenging research *** fromnatural images,character images pay more attention to stroke ***,existingmodelsmainly consider pixel-level informationwhile ignoring structural information of the character,such as its edge and glyph,resulting in reconstructed images with mottled local structure and character *** solve these problems,we propose a novel generative adversarial network(GAN)framework based on an edge-guided generator and a discriminator constructed by a dual-domain U-Net framework,i.e.,*** existing frameworks,the generator introduces the edge extractionmodule,guiding it into the denoising process through the attention mechanism,which maintains the edge detail of the restored inscription ***,a dual-domain U-Net-based discriminator is proposed to learn the global and local discrepancy between the denoised and the label images in both image and morphological domains,which is helpful to blind denoising *** proposed dual-domain discriminator and generator for adversarial training can reduce local artifacts and keep the denoised character structure *** to the lack of a real-inscription image,we built the real-inscription dataset to provide an effective benchmark for studying inscription image *** experimental results show the superiority of our method both in the synthetic and real-inscription datasets.

关键词： Dual-domain discriminators inscription images denoising edge-guided generator