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Effects of Dietary Changes on the Gut Microbiota of Cynops orientalis

Asian Herpetological Research 2024年第2期15卷 63-72页

作者： Yuting WANG yuning xie Siyu WU Wenwen ZHANG Xiner CHENG Zixuan LI Fangfei HAN Jiayi SHI Yingying SHI Zhirong HE Chunna ZHANG Yixin JIANG Na ZHAO Jiaqi LI Supen WANG College of Life Sciences Anhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241000AnhuiChina Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and Environment of ChinaNanjing 210042JiangsuChina School of Ecology and Environment Anhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241002AnhuiChina Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of health for amphibians,and it has been fully recognized,but the effectiveness of various influencing factors has not yet been fully *** this association should be considered while the amphibian order Caudata is facing a severe situation of population decline and extinction,there is little understanding of the association between diets and the diversity of gut microbiota in the amphibian order ***,we conducted an extensive analysis of the gut microbiota of Cynops orientalis fed different diets using functional prediction and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing ***,we found that wild individuals had greater gut microbial diversity and richness in comparison to captive ***,we identified the bacterial taxa associated with diets and observed differences in the relative abundance of gut microbiota among people on various ***,we have a predictive comprehension of the selection and adaptative significance of shared core ASVs in the gut microbiota in maintaining the healthy survival of *** in a large-scale spatiotemporal *** study emphasizes how diets alter the gut microbiota of Caudata and offers fresh perspectives on the conservation and captive management of species in Caudata.

关键词： 16S rRNA Caudata core microbiota diet gut microbiota

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精算平衡还是制度公平?长期护理保险试点推广的财政负担研究

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保险研究 2024年第3期 87-99页

作者：郭瑜谢雨凝中国人民大学劳动人事学院

长期护理保险是人口老龄化背景下健全多层次社会保障体系、在发展中保障和改善民生的重要战略举措。然而,在试点推广的进程中,精算平衡与制度公平之间存在矛盾关系。厘清财政负担的概念、现状和未来趋势,对于协同促进长期照护服务体系... 详细信息

长期护理保险是人口老龄化背景下健全多层次社会保障体系、在发展中保障和改善民生的重要战略举措。然而,在试点推广的进程中,精算平衡与制度公平之间存在矛盾关系。厘清财政负担的概念、现状和未来趋势,对于协同促进长期照护服务体系建设具有重要作用。本文基于对试点方案的分类梳理,通过计算分年龄、分性别失能率和中/重度失能老年人口规模,测算得出2024~2050年试点方案推广情形下城镇职工与城乡居民长护险的需求成本规模,从而预估其财政补贴状况与兜底负担。研究发现,2050年低、中、高方案下财政负担总额预计分别为168.9亿元、2832.0亿元、7016.4亿元,占当年政府卫生支出的比例为0.23%、3.90%、9.66%。现行筹资机制能够基本保证低方案和中方案中城镇职工部分的财政负担稳定在合理范围内,中方案中城乡居民部分则需要大量财政补贴,整体不可持续,高方案基本不具备财务可持续性。

关键词：长期护理保险财政负担精算平衡制度公平

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中国式现代化视域下退役军人就业创业政策的历史演进与机制研究

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社会政策研究 2024年第3期36卷 100-113,135页

作者：谢雨凝郭瑜中国人民大学劳动人事学院

退役军人就业创业是新时代退役军人工作的重要举措和战略导向,既关系到退役军人的人力资源开发和自我价值实现,又与国防和军队现代化建设、提高兵源素质和军队实力密不可分,对经济社会的长治久安与高质量发展产生影响。以修正后的“间断... 详细信息

退役军人就业创业是新时代退役军人工作的重要举措和战略导向,既关系到退役军人的人力资源开发和自我价值实现,又与国防和军队现代化建设、提高兵源素质和军队实力密不可分,对经济社会的长治久安与高质量发展产生影响。以修正后的“间断-均衡”解释框架为基本依据,通过与政策范式逻辑下的价值理念转换与序列变化分析有机结合,描绘新中国成立75年以来退役军人就业创业政策的演变轨迹与微观模式。依据政策图景、政策场域的变化与政策总体性目标、政策工具及其精准性设置的调整,退役军人就业创业政策的历史演进可划分为八个历史时期,由四个均衡期和四个间断期构成。在“间断-均衡”的更迭演进背后,反映的是“现代化-中国的现代化-中国式现代化”的实践探索与时代缩影。展望2035年远景目标规划,退役军人就业创业政策需要深刻把握中国式现代化的本质特征,关注退役军人的主体性价值,以国家治理体系和治理能力现代化回应多重困境和现实挑战。

关键词： “间断-均衡”理论政策范式退役军人就业创业

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Automatic detection of pecan fruits based on Faster RCNN with FPN in orchard

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2022年第6期15卷 189-196页

作者： Chunhua Hu Zefeng Shi Hailin Wei Xiangdong Hu yuning xie Pingping Li College of Information Science and Technology Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Hunan Academy of Forestry Changsha 410004China College of Biology and Environment Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

Although the development of the robot picking vision system is widely applied,it is very challenging for fruit detection in orchards with complex light and environment,especially for fruit colors similar to the *** recent,there are few studies on pecan fruit detection and location based on machine *** this study,an accurate and efficient pecan fruit detection method was proposed based on machine vision under natural pecan *** order to solve the illumination problem,a light compensation algorithm was first utilized to process the collected samples,and then an improved Faster Region Convolutional Neural Network(Faster RCNN)with the Feature Pyramid Networks(FPN)was established to train the ***,the pecan number counting method was introduced to count the number of pecan.A total of 241 pecan images were tested,and comparison experiments were carried *** mean average precision(mAP)of the proposed detection method was 95.932%,compared with the result without uneven illumination correction(UIC),which was increased by 0.849%,while the mAP of the Single Shot Detector(SSD)+FPN was 92.991%.In addition,the number of clusters was counted using the proposed method with an accuracy rate of 93.539%compared with the actual *** results demonstrate that the proposed network has good robustness for pecan fruit detection in different illumination and various unstructured environments,and the experimental achievement has great potential for robot-picking visual systems.

关键词： pecan fruit fruit detection Faster RCNN FPN uneven illumination correction

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Diverse bacterial populations of PM_(2.5) in urban and suburb Shanghai,China

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第3期15卷 77-86页

作者： Caihong Xu Jianmin Chen Zhikai Wang Hui Chen Hao Feng Lujun Wang yuning xie Zhenzhen Wang Xingnan Ye Haidong Kan Zhuohui Zhao Abdelwahid Mellouki Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention(LAP^(3)) Department of Environmental Science&EngineeringFudan Tyndall CentreInstitute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Institute of Eco-Chongming(IEC) Yangtze River Delta Estuary Wetland StationSchool of Geographic SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China School of Public Health Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety(Ministry of Education)NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology AssessmentFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Institut de Combustion AerothermiqueReactivite et EnvironnementCNRS45071 Orleans Cedex 02France

Airborne bacteria play key roles in terrestrial and marine ecosystems and human health,yet our understanding of bacterial communities and their response to the environmental variables lags significantly behind that of other components of PM_(2.5).Here,atmospheric fine particles obtained from urban and suburb Shanghai were analyzed by using the qPCR and Illumina Miseq *** bacteria with an average concentration of 2.12× 10^(3 )cells/m^(3),were dominated by Sphingomonas,Curvibacter,Acinetobacter,Bradyrhizobium,Methylobacterium,Halomonas,Aliihoeflea,and Phyllobacterium,which were related to the nitrogen,carbon,sulfur cycling and human health *** results provide a global survey of bacterial community across urban,suburb,and high-altitude *** Shanghai(China),urban PM2.5 harbour more diverse and dynamic bacterial populations than that in the *** structural equation model explained about 27%,41%,and 20%^78%of the variance found in bacteria diversity,concentration,and discrepant genera among urban and suburb *** work furthered the knowledge of diverse bacteria in a coastal Megacity in the Yangtze river delta and emphasized the potential impact of environmental variables on bacterial community structure.

关键词： PM_(2.5) Bacteria 16SrRNA SEM analysis Shanghai City

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Chemical characteristics of haze particles in Xi＇an during Chinese Spring Festival： Impact of fireworks burning

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第9期30卷 179-187页

作者： Can Wu Gehui Wang Jiayuan Wang Jianjun Li Yanqin Ren Lu Zhang Cong Cao Jin Li Shuagshuang Ge yuning xie Xinpei Wang Guoyan Xue State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi' an 710061 China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education School of Geographic Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai 210062 China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijin9 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China

Fireworks burning releases massive fine particles and gaseous pollutants, significantly deteriorating air quality during Chinese Lunar New Year （LNY） period. To investigate the impact of the fireworks burning on the atmospheric aerosol chemistry, 1-hr time resolution of PM2.5 samples in Xi＇an during the winter of 2016 including the LNY were collected and detected for inorganic ions, acidity and liquid water content （LWC） of the fine aerosols. PM2.5 during the LNY was 167 ± 87 μg/m^3, two times higher than the China National Ambient Air Quality Standard （75 μg/m^3）. K^＋（28 wt.% of the total ion mass） was the most abundant ion in the LNY period, followed by SO^2-4 （25 wt.%） and C1^- （18 wt.%）. In contrast, NO^-3 （34 wt.%） was the most abundant species in the haze periods （hourly PM2.5 〉 75 μg/m^3）, followed by SO^2-4 （29.2 wt.%） and NH^＋4 （16.3 wt.%）, while SC94 （35 wt.%） was the most abundant species in the clean periods （hourly PM2.5 〈 75 μg/m^3）, followed by NO^-3 （23.1 wt.%） and NH^＋4 （11 wt.%）. Being different from the acidic nature in the non-LNY periods, aerosol in the LNY period presented an alkaline nature with a pH value of 7.8 ± 1.3. LWC during the LNY period showed a robust linear correlation with K2SO4 and KC1, suggesting that aerosol hygroscopicity was dominated by inorganic salts derived from fireworks burning. Analysis of correlations between the ratios of NO^-3/SO^2-4 and NH^＋4/SO^2-4 indicated that heterogeneous reaction of HNO3 with NH3 was an important formation pathway of particulate nitrate and ammonium during the LNY period.

关键词： Inorganic ions Aerosol acidity Liquid water content Composition and source Nitrate formation

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Lignocellulose-Based Optical Biofilter with High Near-Infrared Transmittance via Lignin Capturing–Fusing Approach

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Research 2024年第3期2023卷 139-149页

作者： Shixu Yu Yifang Zhou Meixue Gan Lu Chen Yimin xie yuning Zhong Qinghua Feng Chaoji Chen Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry Hubei University of TechnologyWuhan 430068China.Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key LaboratorySchool of Resource and Environmental SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory School of Resource and Environmental SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China Hubei Open University Wuhan 430074China.

Near-infrared (NIR) transparent optical filters show great promise in night vision and receiving windows. However, NIR optical filters are generally prepared by laborious, environmentally unfriendly processes that involve metal oxides or petroleum-based polymers. We propose a lignin capturing–fusing approach to manufacturing optical biofilters based on molecular collaboration between lignin and cellulose from waste agricultural biomass. In this process, lignin is captured via self-assembly in a cellulose network;then, the lignin is fused to fill gaps and hold the cellulose fibers tightly. The resulting optical biofilter featured a dense structure and smooth surface with NIR transmittance of ~90%, ultralow haze of close to 0%, strong ultraviolet-visible light blocking (~100% at 400 nm and 57.58% to 98.59% at 550 nm). Further, the optical biofilter has comprehensive stability, including water stability, solvent stability, thermal stability, and environmental stability. Because of its unique properties, the optical biofilter demonstrates potential applications in the NIR region, such as an NIR-transmitting window, NIR night vision, and privacy protection. These applications represent a promising route to produce NIR transparent optical filters starting from lignocellulose biomass waste.

关键词： transparent starting waste

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可再生生物合成基钻井液体系研究

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石油钻探技术 2019年第6期47卷 34-39页

作者：解宇宁中国石油辽河油田分公司钻采工艺研究院石油工业入井流体质量监督检验中心

油基钻井液普遍存在基础油难以降解、不可再生等缺点,为此,利用天然生物油脂,通过催化加氢、分子异构等合成了生物合成基础油,以该基础油和改性有机土为主,通过优选其他钻井液添加剂及加量,形成了可再生生物合成基钻井液体系。生物合成... 详细信息

油基钻井液普遍存在基础油难以降解、不可再生等缺点,为此,利用天然生物油脂,通过催化加氢、分子异构等合成了生物合成基础油,以该基础油和改性有机土为主,通过优选其他钻井液添加剂及加量,形成了可再生生物合成基钻井液体系。生物合成基础油是C12—C24的支链异构烷烃混合物,具有优良的安全环保性和黏温特性。室内性能评价试验结果表明,可再生生物合成基钻井液体系的高温高压滤失量低于12 mL,沉降稳定性好,破乳电压在768 V以上,96 h半致死浓度大于1000000 mg/L,能抗20%地层水和10%劣土的侵入,岩屑滚动回收率达到98.06%,经其污染的岩心其渗透率恢复率为83.5%~92.3%。研究结果表明,生物合成基础油具有低毒环保、可降解、可再生等优点,可再生生物合成基钻井液在乳液稳定、抗污染、润滑、抑制、储层保护、安全环保等方面均表现出良好的性能,完全能满足复杂地质条件对钻井液的需求。

关键词：合成基钻井液生物合成基可再生钻井液性能半致死浓度防止地层损害

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低毒环保型油基钻井液体系室内研究

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石油钻探技术 2017年第1期45卷 45-50页

作者：解宇宁中国石油辽河油田分公司钻采工艺研究院辽宁盘锦124010

为了提高油基钻井液的环保性能,解决其生物毒性高、难于降解等问题,研制了低毒环保型油基钻井液。通过对普通原料油进行脱硫脱芳处理得到新型低毒油基钻井液用基础油,采用复合改性剂和新工艺处理有机土得到新型改性有机土,并对钻井液处... 详细信息

为了提高油基钻井液的环保性能,解决其生物毒性高、难于降解等问题,研制了低毒环保型油基钻井液。通过对普通原料油进行脱硫脱芳处理得到新型低毒油基钻井液用基础油,采用复合改性剂和新工艺处理有机土得到新型改性有机土,并对钻井液处理剂及加量进行优选,最终形成了低毒环保型油基钻井液体系。室内试验结果表明,该钻井液体系的高温高压滤失量为3.2~9.5mL,沉降密度差最高0.06g/cm3,破乳电压高达1 190V以上,水侵和劣质土侵后乳化体系还可以保持稳定,二次岩屑回收率达到99.17%,线性膨胀率仅为1.92%,岩心渗透率恢复率达88.5%~94.6%。研究结果表明,低毒环保型油基钻井液体系的流变性、稳定性、抗污染性、润滑性、抑制性和储层保护性能良好,可满足复杂地层深井、超深井安全高效钻井的需求及环保要求。

关键词：油基钻井液基础油低毒环保储层保护改性有机土钻井液性能实验室试验

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基于气泡理论分析表面活性剂对微孔曝气增氧性能的影响

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工程科学与技术 2017年第5期49卷 28-34页

作者：程香菊谢宇宁朱丹彤李然谢骏华南理工大学土木与交通学院广东广州510641 四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室四川成都610065 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所广东广州510380

在污水处理厂、湖泊、水库、河口和养殖池塘等需要曝气增氧的水体中,通过增氧机来维持水体溶解氧的动态平衡是非常重要的。而生活污水、城市废水等水体中常常会存在有表面活性剂,当这些废水进入以上需要曝气增氧的水体时,势必影响微孔... 详细信息

在污水处理厂、湖泊、水库、河口和养殖池塘等需要曝气增氧的水体中,通过增氧机来维持水体溶解氧的动态平衡是非常重要的。而生活污水、城市废水等水体中常常会存在有表面活性剂,当这些废水进入以上需要曝气增氧的水体时,势必影响微孔曝气系统的增氧性能和传质效果。因此,为了探究表面活性剂对微孔曝气系统增氧性能的影响,在长2 m、宽0.8 m、高0.8 m的试验水池中,以固定于水池中央的微孔曝气盘为增氧机,根据美国土木工程协会(ASCE)标准增氧试验方法,以阴离子表面活性剂,即十二烷基苯磺酸钠为影响因子,在5种曝气流量和阴离子表面活性剂浓度下进行了一系列的水体底部微孔曝气增氧试验。基于氧体积传质理论和气泡理论,计算分析了水体氧体积传质系数、气泡的Sauter平均直径和波形因子等参数,结果表明:在一定的曝气流量下,1 mg/L的阴离子表面活性剂提高了水体的氧体积传质系数,促进了氧传质;在阴离子表面活性剂浓度为1~5 mg/L时,随着浓度的增加,氧体积传质系数降低;而且阴离子表面活性剂使气泡的Sauter平均直径降低,降低率达到22.76%;在水体无表面活性剂的试验中,气泡的波形因子变化幅度较大,气泡的形状趋于扁平,而表面活性剂的存在阻碍了气泡发生变形,使气泡的波形因子变化幅度降低,气泡保持在近乎球体状态。

关键词：微孔曝气系统阴离子表面活性剂氧体积传质系数 Sauter平均直径波形因子

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