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Functional Optical Fiber Sensors Detecting Imperceptible Physical/Chemical Changes for Smart Batteries

Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第8期16卷 268-308页

作者： Yiding Li Li wang Youzhi song Wenwei wang Cheng Lin Xiangming He Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China National Engineering Research Center of Electric Vehicles Beijing Institute of Technology(BIT)Beijing 100081People’s Republic of China Shenzhen Automotive Research Institute of BIT(Shenzhen Research Institute of National Engineering Research Center of Electric Vehicles) Shenzhen 518118People’s Republic of China

The battery technology progress has been a contradictory process in which performance improvement and hidden risks coexist.Now the battery is still a“black box”,thus requiring a deep understanding of its internal state.The battery should“sense its internal physical/chemical conditions”,which puts strict requirements on embedded sensing parts.This paper summarizes the application of advanced optical fiber sensors in lithium-ion batteries and energy storage technologies that may be mass deployed,focuses on the insights of advanced optical fiber sensors into the processes of one-dimensional nano-micro-level battery material structural phase transition,electrolyte degradation,electrode-electrolyte interface dynamics to three-dimensional macro-safety evolution.The paper contributes to understanding how to use optical fiber sensors to achieve“real”and“embedded”monitoring.Through the inherent advantages of the advanced optical fiber sensor,it helps clarify the battery internal state and reaction mechanism,aiding in the establishment of more detailed models.These advancements can promote the development of smart batteries,with significant importance lying in essentially promoting the improvement of system consistency.Furthermore,with the help of smart batteries in the future,the importance of consistency can be weakened or even eliminated.The application of advanced optical fiber sensors helps comprehensively improve the battery quality,reliability,and life.

关键词： Smart battery Advanced embedded optical fiber sensor Battery internal physical/chemical state Quality-reliability-life characteristic

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Practical Prescribed Time Tracking Control With Bounded Time-Varying Gain Under Non-Vanishing Uncertainties

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第1期11卷 219-230页

作者： Dahui Luo Yujuan wang Yongduan song the Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber Physical Society Ministry of EducationChongqing UniversityChongqing 400044 the School of Automation Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044 the Star Institute for Intelligent Systems Chongqing 400044 IEEE

This paper investigates the prescribed-time control(PTC) problem for a class of strict-feedback systems subject to non-vanishing uncertainties. The coexistence of mismatched uncertainties and non-vanishing disturbances makes PTC synthesis nontrivial. In this work, a control method that does not involve infinite time-varying gain is proposed, leading to a practical and global prescribed time tracking control solution for the strict-feedback systems, in spite of both the mismatched and nonvanishing uncertainties. Different from methods based on control switching to avoid the issue of infinite control gain that involves control discontinuity at the switching point, in our method a softening unit is exclusively included to ensure the continuity of the control action. Furthermore, in contrast to most existing prescribed-time control works where the control scheme is only valid on a finite time interval, in this work, the proposed control scheme is valid on the entire time interval. In addition, the prior information on the upper or lower bound of gi is not in need,enlarging the applicability of the proposed method. Both the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.

关键词： Adaptive control prescribed time control(PTC) strict-feedback systems tracking control

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Low profile cavity-embedded ultra-wideband UHF array antenna with end-fire beams

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2024年第2期22卷 24-35页

作者： Huan He Wen-song wang Southwest China Institute of Electronic Technology Chengdu610036China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore

A low-profile,vertically polarized,ultra-wideband array antenna with end-fire beams operating in an ultra-high frequency(UHF)band is developed in this paper.The array antenna consists of 1×16 log-periodic top-hat loaded monopole antenna arrays and is feasible to embed into a shallow cavity to further reduce the array height.Capacitance is introduced in the proposed antenna element to reduce profile height and the rectangular top hats are carefully designed to minimize the transverse dimension.Simulated results show that when the antenna array operates in a frequency range of 300 MHz-900 MHz,the end-fire radiation pattern achieves±45°scanning range in the horizontal plane.Then prototypes of the proposed end-fire antenna element and a uniformly spaced linear array(1×2)are fabricated and validated.The end-fire antenna array should be suitable for airborne applications where low-profile and conformal scanning phased antenna arrays with end-fire radiations are required.This design is attractive for airborne platform applications that are used to search,discover,identify,and scout the aerial target with vertically polarized beams.

关键词： End-fire radiation Low-profile Vertical polarization Log-periodic array

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A credible traffic prediction method based on self-supervised causal discovery

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 244-258页

作者： Dan wang Yingjie LIU Bin song State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xidian University

Next-generation wireless network aims to support low-latency, high-speed data transmission services by incorporating artificial intelligence(AI) technologies. To fulfill this promise, AI-based network traffic prediction is essential for pre-allocating resources, such as bandwidth and computing power. This can help reduce network congestion and improve the quality of service(QoS) for users. Most studies achieve future traffic prediction by exploiting deep learning and reinforcement learning, to mine spatio-temporal correlated variables. Nevertheless, the prediction results obtained only by the spatio-temporal correlated variables cannot reflect real traffic changes. This phenomenon prevents the true prediction variables from being inferred, making the prediction algorithm perform poorly. Inspired by causal science, we propose a novel network traffic prediction method based on self-supervised spatio-temporal causal discovery(SSTCD). We first introduce the Granger causal discovery algorithm to build a causal graph among prediction variables and obtain spatio-temporal causality in the observed data, which reflects the real reasons affecting traffic changes.Next, a graph neural network(GNN) is adopted to incorporate causality for traffic prediction. Furthermore,we propose a self-supervised method to implement causal discovery to to address the challenge of lacking ground-truth causal graphs in the observed data. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the SSTCD method.

关键词： wireless network traffic prediction causal discovery self-supervised

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Experimental study on combustion characteristics of supersonic combustor based on alternating-wedge strut

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第5期37卷 214-227页

作者： Jie LI Wenyan song Yuhang wang School of Power Energy Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710129China

Acetone Planar Lase-Induced Fluorescence(PLIF)and OH-PLIF were employed to capture the fuel distribution and OH distribution downstream for the supersonic combustor based on the alternating-wedge strut.The combustion establishment process and combustion mode in the combustor under different fuel injection methods and different equivalence ratios were analyzed.Combined with the kerosene-PLIF and OH-PLIF results in the cavity combustor,a comparative analysis was conducted to understand the combustion characteristics and combustion modes between the alternating-wedge strut-based combustor and the cavity-based combustor.The results show that the combustor is in weak combustion mode in the case of low equivalence ratio,and the combustor is in intensive combustion mode in the case of high equivalence ratio.The lower limit of the equivalence ratio of the combustor to maintain the intensive combustion mode varies based on different fuel injection methods.The OH distribution under reacting condition has a strong correlation with the fuel distribution under non-reacting condition.The OH fluorescence signal near the injector is weaker when the fuel distribution is more concentrated.The injector position located at the base of the strut rear has better mixing performance,enabling the combustor to be in intensive combustion mode at a lower equivalence ratio.The combustion reaction in the alternating-wedge strut-based combustor is not necessarily dominated by mass transfer due to the mixing enhancement and premixed zone downstream of strut,while the combustion reaction process in the cavity-based combustor is mainly influenced by mass transfer.

关键词： Supersonic combustor Alternating-wedge strut Cavity PLIF Fuel injection Fuel distribution Combustion characteristics Combustion mode

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Open-Shell Oligomers and Polymers: Theory, Characterization Methods, Molecular Design, and Applications

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第4期42卷 417-436页

作者： Xue-Qing wang Cheng song Ting Lei Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics(Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China

Open-shell oligomers and polymers have exhibited intriguing electronic and magnetic properties, making them highly desirable for a wide range of applications, including ambipolar organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), photodetectors, organic thermoelectrics, and spintronics. Although open-shell ground states have been observed in certain small molecules and doped organic semiconductors, the exploration of open-shell ground-state conjugated polymers is still limited, and the strategies for designing these polymers remain obscure. This review aims to briefly introduce the theory and characterization methods of open-shell conjugated polymers, along with an overview of recent progress and applications. The objective is to stimulate further advancements and investigations in this promising area by shedding light on the potential of open-shell conjugated polymers and the challenges that lie ahead.

关键词： Conjugated polymers Open-shell molecules High-spin ground state Donor-acceptor(D-A)polymers Optoelectronic and magnetic properties

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Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain and their delicate balance between ACE2 affinity and antibody evasion

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Protein & Cell 2024年第6期15卷 403-418页

作者： song Xue Yuru Han Fan Wu Qiao wang Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecurityShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and InfectionSchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Intensive selection pressure constrains the evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 genomes and results in various novel variants with distinct mutation profiles.Point mutations,particularly those within the receptor binding domain(RBD)of SARS-CoV-2 spike(S)protein,lead to the functional alteration in both receptor engagement and monoclonal antibody(mAb)recognition.Here,we review the data of the RBD point mutations possessed by major SARS-CoV-2 variants and discuss their individual effects on ACE2 affinity and immune evasion.Many single amino acid substitutions within RBD epitopes crucial for the antibody evasion capacity may conversely weaken ACE2 binding affinity.However,this weakened effect could be largely compensated by specific epistatic mutations,such as N501Y,thus maintaining the overall ACE2 affinity for the spike protein of all major variants.The predominant direction of SARS-CoV-2 evolution lies neither in promoting ACE2 affinity nor evading mAb neutralization but in maintaining a delicate balance between these two dimensions.Together,this review interprets how RBD mutations efficiently resist antibody neutralization and meanwhile how the affinity between ACE2 and spike protein is maintained,emphasizing the significance of comprehensive assessment of spike mutations.

关键词： ACE2 affinity maintained

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Diversity and ecological assembly process of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in a low irradiation area,Three Gorges Reservoir

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 116-125页

作者： Lixin Huo Anran Ma Hong Liu Xingzu wang Cheng song Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China Chongqing School University of Chinese Academy of SciencesCollege of Resources and EnvironmentChongqing 400714China Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria(AAPB)are significant bacterial groups in aquatic ecosystems,known for their rapid growth and photoheterotrophic characteristics.However,the distribution and ecological assembly process of AAPB in low irradiation freshwater basins remain unclear,warranting further investigation.In this study,we present the diversity,abundance,spatial variations,ecological process,and community interaction of AAPB in sediment of Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)under low irradiation.Our findings demonstrate the dominant genera of AAPB community that exist in the TGR area also are appeared in different waters,with some regional preference.Moreover,the concentration of pufM gene,an indicator for AAPB,maintains a consistently high numerical level ranging from(2.21±0.44)×10^(4)to(9.98±0.30)×10^(7)gene copies/g.Although solar irradiation is suggested as the major factor affecting AAPB,it remains unclear whether and how AAPB differ between regions due to varying solar irradiation levels.Our results show spatial differences between total bacteria and AAPB communities,with significant differences observed only in AAPB.Geographical and environmental factor contributed less than 10%to the spatial difference of community,with sediment type and environmental factors being the key factors influencing microbial community structure.The stochastic process plays a dominant role in the aggregation and replacement of AAPB communities,among which the most contribution is dispersal limitation.For AAPB network,Yoonia and Gemmobacter are the hubs for modules.Those results valuable insights into the AAPB communities in TGR with low irradiation.

关键词： Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR) Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria(AAPB) Bacterial community Null model Community assembly

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Molecular design of recyclable thermosetting polyimide and its composite with excellent mechanical and tribological properties

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Friction 2024年第3期12卷 452-461页

作者： Xiaoyue wang Zenghui YANG Tingmei wang Qihua wang Xinrui ZHANG song LI Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Recyclability of thermosetting polymers and their composites is a challenge for alleviating environmental pollution and resource waste.In this study,solvent-recyclable thermosetting polyimide(PI)and its composite were successfully synthesized.The tensile strength,elongation at break,and Young’s modulus of PI are 108.70±7.29 MPa,19.35%±3.89%,and 2336.42±128.00 MPa,respectively.The addition of reduced graphene oxide(RGO)not only enhances the mechanical properties of PI but also endows it with excellent tribological properties.The PI illustrates a high recycling efficiency of 94.15%,but the recycled composite exhibits inferior mechanical properties.The recycling and utilization of PI and its composite are realized through imine bonds(-C=N),which provides new guidance for solving the problem of environmental pollution and resource waste and is potential application in the field of sustainable tribology.

关键词： thermosetting polyimide(PI) recyclability dynamic covalent bonds friction and wear polymer composites

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CHIT1-positive microglia act as culprits for spinal motor neuron aging

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 847-848页

作者： Zhao wang Wantong Cai Weihong song Oujiang Laboratory(Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine Vision and Brain Health)Institute of AgingKey Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceThe Second Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035China

Aging is one of the primary factors in spinal cord-associated disorders(Roberts,1990).However,the effects of aging on the spinal cord and the age-specific mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear.Motor n... 详细信息

关键词： aging Roberts positive

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