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Azure-winged magpies solve string-pulling tasks by partial understanding of the physical cognition

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 385-392页

作者： Lin Wang yunchao luo Xin Wang Abudusaimaiti Maierdiyali Hao Chang Zhongqiu Li School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China

String-pulling is one of the most widely used paradigms in an imal cog nition research. We in vestigated how azure-wi nged magpies Cyanopica cyan us solve multiple-string problems that they have never encountered before. In Experiment 1, the strings were arranged in parallel, slanted, or crossed to investigate what rules azure-winged magpies use to solve multiple spatial relations of strings. Experiment 2 assessed whether the subjects understood the connection between the string and the bait while taking advantage of broken strings. In Experiment 3, the subjects were confronted with strings of different lengths attached to rewards in order to explore whether the string length, as a proxy for the pulling efficiency or reward distanee, was crucial for the birds' choice of which string to pull. Gen erally, the birds were successful in tasks where the reward was close to the correct string's end, and they relied on a "proximity rule" in most cases. The results showed that azure-winged magpies had a partial understanding of the physical principles underlying the string-pulling but were stumped by complex spatial relations. They likely relied on simple strategies such as the proximity rule to solve the tasks. The effects of in dividual difference and experiential learning on string-pulling performance are also discussed.

关键词： string-pulling azure-winged magpies animal cognition personality

Using a behavior random permutation model to identify displacement grooming in ungulates

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Current Zoology 2023年第2期69卷 200-207页

作者： yunchao luo Lin Wang Le Yang Xiao-Fen Li Patrick Anselme Xinxin Wang Xingjun Tian Zhongqiu Li Lab of Animal Behavior and Conservation School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology Lhasa 850000China Department of Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University800 DongChuan RoadShanghai 200240China Department of Biopsychology Ruhr-Universitat Bochum 44801BochumGermany

Behavior affects an individual's life in all aspects,e.g.,enhancing fitness,leveraging predation risk,and reducing competition with ***,the sequential distribution of behaviors received less attention and is unclear what the function of displacement behavior *** activities can be found in vertebrate species but there is no formal method to determine whether a behavior is expressed as a displaced or normal *** the sequential distributions of behaviors in a natural setting may allow researchers to identify unexpected distributions as a possible signature of displacement *** this study,we used a behavior random permutation model to detect the presence of a displacement activity in the Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii and the Tibetan gazelle Procapra *** results showed that grooming in both ungulates tended to be accompanied with vigilance,and the frequency of grooming after vigilance was significantly higher than before vigilance.A significant positive correlation between the scan rate and grooming rate in the 2 ungulates was *** suggest that grooming could sometimes be expressed as a displacement activity in *** addition to providing a general method for further research on displacement activities in a variety of animal species,this study sheds light on the importance of a spectral analysis of sequential distribution of animal *** random permutation models can be used to explore the relevance between any 2 behaviors in a specific sequence,especially to identify a myriad of unexpected behaviors relative to their normal context of occurrence.

关键词： behavior sequence displacement activity self-grooming vigilance random distribution behavioral analysis method

Ability of azure-winged magpies(Cyanopica cyanus) to solve multiple-string problems

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Ability of azure-winged magpies(Cyanopica cyanus) to solve m...

山地城市格局对餐饮业区位选择影响的空间异质性

第十三届全国野生动物生态与资源保护学术研讨会暨第六届中国西部动物学学术研讨会

作者： Lin Wang yunchao luo Zhongqiu Li School of Life Sciences Nanjing University

String-pulling is a widely used paradigm in animal cognition research to assess what animals understand about the functionality of strings as a means to obtain an out-of-reach *** are known for their exceptional memory,enormous curiosity and high *** they became one of the key targets for the exploration of animal

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地理学报 2019年第6期74卷 1163-1177页

作者：涂建军唐思琪张骞吴越罗运超西南大学地理科学学院重庆400700 三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室重庆400715 西南大学资源环境学院重庆400700 中国地理学会

城市格局对产业布局有深刻影响,山地城市尤甚。餐饮业是城市商业的重要'引流业态',其布局与城市居住、交通、公共服务等空间功能密切相关,山地城市格局对餐饮业布局影响的空间异质性尤为明显和特殊。以典型山地城市重庆主城区为研究对象... 详细信息

城市格局对产业布局有深刻影响,山地城市尤甚。餐饮业是城市商业的重要'引流业态',其布局与城市居住、交通、公共服务等空间功能密切相关,山地城市格局对餐饮业布局影响的空间异质性尤为明显和特殊。以典型山地城市重庆主城区为研究对象,基于多源兴趣点(POI)数据,运用核密度、空间自相关、地理加权回归等空间分析工具,探究山地城市格局对餐饮业区位选择影响的空间异质性。结果表明:①重庆主城区餐饮业空间布局形态呈凝聚多中心特征,形成'一主两副四次级'的多中心空间结构,是重庆主城区'多中心,组团式'城市格局的缩影。②餐饮业发育成熟度与山地城市扩展时序密切相关,且空间分布方向与城市扩展方向一致。③同一类城市空间因子对不同城市组团的餐饮业分布具有不同甚至相反的影响力,相较圈层式单中心城市空间因子作用模式的空间异质性更为显著,其本质原因在于山水自然分割和城市扩展的特殊性导致的中心组团和外围组团资源要素配置不均。④不同城市空间因子对餐饮业布局的作用力也具有空间异质性,城市居住、商业、交通、公共服务、休闲空间等5类因子在不同区域对餐饮业区位选择均有不同程度正向促进作用,其中城市商业空间因子对餐饮业区位选择影响最大。

关键词：城市空间山地城市餐饮业布局空间异质性兴趣点(POI)

Exploring practical methods for detecting k-nonseparability in multipartite quantum states

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期68卷 251-252页

作者： Shunlong luo Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Quantum entanglement,referred to as“spooky action at a distance”by Einstein,is not only an intriguing and fascinat-ing feature of quantum theory challenging our classical intu-itions about locality and correlations,but also has practical and profound implications for quantum ***-tially described by Einstein,Podolsky and Rosen,as well as by Schrödinger,entanglement now has become a basic and crucial ingredient for both foundational and experimental in-vestigations of the quantum world.

关键词： quantum Einstein foundation

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负压气流输送技术在给砂整备作业中的应用

铁道运营技术 2002年第4期8卷 7-8页

作者：罗云超柳州铁路局桂林机务段 541001

　　长期以来,机车使用的干砂通常依靠日光晒干或采用滚筒式烤砂炉烤干,不仅工作效率低,而且受气候的变化影响较大.这种"靠天吃饭"的局面,显然不能适应当今铁路飞速发展的需要.近两年来,桂林机务段推广使用了一种新型整备给砂作业设备-... 详细信息

　　长期以来,机车使用的干砂通常依靠日光晒干或采用滚筒式烤砂炉烤干,不仅工作效率低,而且受气候的变化影响较大.这种"靠天吃饭"的局面,显然不能适应当今铁路飞速发展的需要.近两年来,桂林机务段推广使用了一种新型整备给砂作业设备--热气流烘砂、上砂装置,实现了机车给砂作业的全天候和高效率.……

关键词：上砂桂林广西热气流负压机务段机车整备湿砂气流输送气砂干砂气泵化工用泵真空泵柳州铁路局净化处理

关于项目施工难点分析及应对措施的研究——以东岭花园项目为例

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中外建筑 2016年第11期 115-118页

作者：罗云超深圳市英来建设监理有限公司

我单位充分利用在大型项目管理上的技术优势、管理优势和资源优势,统一对接各政府相关管理部门,降低社会公关成本,提高管理和办事效率,我们有充分的信心与决心以国家规范、相关法律法规为依据,以"创精品工程"为主线,以丰富的施工管理经... 详细信息

我单位充分利用在大型项目管理上的技术优势、管理优势和资源优势,统一对接各政府相关管理部门,降低社会公关成本,提高管理和办事效率,我们有充分的信心与决心以国家规范、相关法律法规为依据,以"创精品工程"为主线,以丰富的施工管理经验为依托,以业主、用户满意为目的,通过精心组织、精心施工、精心管理,保证优质、按期、安全地完成本工程施工的工作内容。

关键词：施工质量控制措施

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隧道浅埋下穿居民区暗挖法施工参数研究

山西建筑 2018年第8期44卷 174-175页

作者：骆云超中铁十一局集团有限公司湖北武汉430000

结合具体工程实例,通过介绍洞顶地形地貌、地质情况、现有施工资源、工期等因素,对预先设定的暗挖施工参数进行具体实施,并经现场验证和修正,最终选取安全可靠、经济方便的施工措施。

关键词：隧道工程暗挖施工施工参数

Hyperosmolality tolerance of freshwater largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides to brackish in early ontogenetic stages of eggs,embryos,and yolk-sac larvae

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2025年第1期43卷 286-298页

作者： Du luo Dingtian YANG South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhou 510380China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Salinity is recognized as a pivotal factor limiting the migration of freshwater fish to brackish *** largemouth bass(LMB,Micropterus salmoides),a globally translocated freshwater fish,exhibits estuarine distribution,yet its hyperosmoregulatory capacity during early ontogenetic stages remains inadequately *** investigate the impact of freshwater salinization,a series of experiments were conducted in Guangzhou and Foshan,*** reveal that freshwater-activated mature eggs and naturally fertilized oocytes maintained nearly identical osmotic homeostasis,with diameters of 1.38±0.07 mm and 1.37±0.05 mm,***,both exhibited peak water excretion at a salinity of ***,a reduction in water permeability was observed in hyperosmotic *** hatching rates increased from 27.5%±14.4%in the 1.0 group to 75.1%±12.0%in the 6.0 group under fluctuating temperature ***-sac LMB larvae consistently reduced survival time from 12.5 d at 1.0 to 50.7±2.1 min at salinity of ***,more developed larvae also experienced a decrease in survival *** regression models fitting lethal time with salinity indicated a sharp decrease between 10.0 and *** findings offer practical insights for predicting distribution patterns and enhancing aquaculture technology for ***,they may contribute theoretically to the broader understanding of the osmoregulatory mechanisms of freshwater fish.

关键词： osmotic homeostasis acute toxicity median lethal time hatching rate dose-response model