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Common Methods of Contraception Used at Monkey Bay Community Hospital in Mangochi District, Malawi

Advances in Infectious Diseases 2021年第1期11卷 13-20页

作者： David S. Chung Peter S. Park Sohyun Jeon Sue Min shin Ji Woo Han Chaieun Lee Andrew Mun William Mun yun jae shin Lorie Kim Jairos B. Makangano Fatsani Manase Thomas Nyirenda School of Medicine University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA Youth with Talents Fairfax VA USA Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Clinical Research Education and Management Service Lilongwe Malawi

To determine commonly used methods of contraception at Monkey Bay Community hospital, to compare different methods of contraception used by people of various age groups, parity, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Marital status, a clinical audit of family planning methods used by clients at Monkey Community hospital from January 2018 to June 2019 was done. Data was collected from the registers. A total number of 1734 clients reported at family planning clinic of Monkey-Bay Community Hospital between January 2018 and June 2019. All the clients were females. Most of these clients were in the age range of 15 - 34 years (83.33%). There were 1,486 (87%) HIV negative clients, 208 (12%) HIV positive clients and 24 (1%) had unknown HIV status. Most clients had a parity of 1 - 2 (905, 52.71%) followed by 3 - 4 (540, 31.45%) and 5 or plus (272, 15.84%). There were more married people (1641, 97.23%) than unmarried ones (46, 2.73%). There was only one person who was divorced (1, 0.05%). Education status was not recorded. The five commonly used contraceptive methods were: Intramuscular (IM) injectable Depo-IM (1366, 79.51%), Jadelle (122, 7.10%), Subcutaneous (SC) injectable Depo-SC (65, 3.78%), Combined Oral Contraceptives (COC) (60, 3.49%) and Implanon (40, 2.33%). None of the clients was used female condoms as a method of contraception. The contraceptive use was common between the age group of 15 - 24 (707, 44.92%) and 25 - 34 (709, 45%). Depo-IM was most used in age group 25 - 34 (44.5%) while Jadelle was mostly used by 15 - 24 years old (48%). 1181 clients (79.5%) of HIV negative clients used Depo-IM as the contraceptive method while 164 clients (78.8%) of HIV positive clients used Depo IM as a method of contraception. More HIV negative clients used Jadelle and COC as compared to HIV positive clients. The choice of a particular method of contraception was influenced by many factors. Parity, marital status, age as well as HIV status did have some association with the pre

关键词： Contraception Parity HIV Mangochi Malawi

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Development of a Consolidated Anaerobic Digester and Microbial Fuel Cell to Produce Biomethane and Electricity from Cellulosic Biomass Using Bovine Rumen Microorganisms

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2019年第2期9卷 17-28页

作者： Rebecca Chung Eunice Yujin Kang yun jae shin Justin Jong Park Peter Sang Park Chang Hyun Han Byungjun Kim Seog In Moon Jooheon Park Paul Sung Chung Centreville High School Clifton VA USA West Springfield High School Springfield VA USA Department of Biological Science University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Biology College of Arts & Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA Biological Science Mellon College of Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Biology Amherst College Amherst MA USA Biology Science Program University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Fuzbien Technology Institute (FTI) Rockville USA

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical systems that convert chemical energy contained in organic matter into electrical energy by using the catalytic (metabolic) activity of living microorganisms. Mediator-less two chamber H-type MFCs were constructed in the current study, using dairy digester microbial population as anode inocula to convert finely ground pine tree (Avicel) at 2% (w/v) to electricity. MFCs were placed at 37°C and after the circuit voltage was stabilized on d9, bovine rumen microorganisms cultured anaerobically for 48 hrs in cellulose broth media were added to treatment group of MFC at 1% v/v dosage. MFC power and current across an external resistor were measured daily for 10 d. At the end of incubation on d19 head space gas and anode chamber liquid solutions were collected and analyzed for total gas volume and composition, and volatile fatty acids, respectively. Addition of enriched rumen microorganisms to anaerobic anode chamber increased cellulose digestibility and increased both CO2 and methane production;however, it decreased the methane to CO2 ratio. Over the experimental period, electricity generation was increased with rumen microorganism addition, and power density normalized to anode surface area was 17.6 to 67.2 mW/m2 with average of 36.0 mW/m2 in treatment, while control group had 3.6 to 21.6 (AVE 12.0) mW/m2. These observations imply that biocatalysis in MFCs requires additional cellulolytic activities to utilize structural biomass in bioenergy production.

关键词： Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) Bovine Rumen Bacteria Bioenergy

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Effect of CaF2 content in refining slag on formation behavior of spinel inclusion in Ni-Cr-V-alloyed special steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2018年第2期25卷 157-163页

作者： jae-hong shin Joo-hyun Park Department of Materials Engineering Hanyang UniversityAnsan 426-791 Korea

The influence of CaF2 content on the formation behavior of spinel inclusions in the Ni-Cr-V-alloyed special steel was presented. The spinel was not formed at CaF2 content lower than 10 wt%. However, it was formed at early stage when the CaF2 content was greater than 30 wt%, followed by a modification to the aluminosilicate-type inclusions. Because the slag was saturated by MgO, the activity of MgO was unity irrespective of CaF2 content in the slag. Thus, Mg was transferred from slag to metal phase. Mg transferred to molten steel reacted with Al2O3-rich inclusions to form ***2O3 spinel. However, the spinel inclusion was modified to aluminosilicate-type inclusions by the reaction with Si and Ca transferred from slag to molten steel about 2-3 h later.

关键词： Spinel inclusion Refining slag CaF2 content Ni-Cr-V-alloyed special steel

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Synergistically coupling of Ni–Fe LDH arrays with hollow Co–Mo sulfide nanotriangles for highly efficient overall water splitting

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Rare Metals 2024年第2期43卷 522-532页

作者： yun jae Lee Seung-Keun Park Department of Advanced Materials Engineering Chung-Ang UniversityAnseongGyeonggi-do17546Republic of Korea Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry Chung-Ang University84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-guSeoul06974Republic of Korea Western Seoul Center Korea Basic Science Institute150 Bugahyeon-roSeodaemun-guSeoul03759Republic of Korea

Developing bifunctional catalysts that can catalyze both oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is pivotal to commercializing large-scale water ***,a novel hollow nanotriangle composed of NiFe LDH-CoMoS_(x) heterojunction(H-CMSx@NiFe LDH)is proposed as a highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for both OER and *** fabricate a heterojunction system,ultra-thin nickel–iron layered double hydroxide(NiFe LDH)nanosheets are uniformly electrodeposited onto a metal–organic framework-derived hollow CoMoS_(x) *** strong coupling of CoMoS_(x) and NiFe LDH catalysts forms the intimate heterojunction interfaces to facilitate interfacial charge transfer,which is favorable to enhance the bifunctional catalytic ***,the large void of CoMoS_(x) nanotriangles and interconnected ultra-thin NiFe LDH nanosheets result in good electrolyte penetration and gas ***,the as-prepared H-CMSx@NiFe LDH on nickel foam(NF)exhibits an impressive catalytic activity and durability for OER and HER activities,delivering a current density of 100 mA·cm^(−2) at the small overpotentials of 214 and 299 mV in OER and HER,***,H-CMSx@NiFe LDH/NF proves to be an effective electrode for an alkaline electrolyzer,as a voltage of only 1.99 V is enough to achieve a current density voltage of only 1.99 V is enough to achieve a current density of 400 mA·cm^(−2) with no degradation in performance over 50 h.

关键词： Overall water splitting Metal-organic framework Molybdenum sulfide Layered double hydroxide Heterojunction

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Anesthetics management of a renal angiomyolipoma using pulse pressure variation and non-invasive cardiac output monitoring: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第24期10卷 8656-8661页

作者： Woo jae Jeon Woo Jong shin Young Joon Yoon Chan Woo Park jae Hang Shim Sang yun Cho Department of Anesthesiolgy and Pain Medicine Hanyang University Guri HospitalGuri-si 471-701Gyeonggi-doSouth Korea

BACKGROUND Hypovolemic shock can lead to life-threatening organ dysfunction,and adequate fluid administration is a fundamental ***,parameters such as vital signs,central venous pressure,and urine output have been used to estimate intravascular ***,pulse pressure variation(PPV)and non-invasive cardiac monitoring devices have been *** this case report,we introduce a patient with massive active bleeding from giant renal angiomyolipoma(AML).During emergent nephrectomy,we used non-invasive cardiac monitoring with CSN-1901(Nihon Kohden,Tokyo,Japan)and PPV to evaluate the patient's intravascular volume status to achieve optimal fluid *** SUMMARY A 30-year-old male patient with giant AML with active bleeding was referred to the emergency room complaining of severe abdominal pain and spontaneous abdominal *** was diagnosed by computed tomography,and emergent nephrectomy was *** bleeding was expected so we decided to use non-invasive cardiac monitoring and PPV to assist fluid therapy because they are relatively easy and fast compared to invasive cardiac *** the surgery,6000 mL of estimated blood loss *** with the patient's vital signs and laboratory results,we monitored cardiac output,cardiac output,stroke volume,stroke volume index with a non-invasive cardiac monitoring device,and PPV using an intra-arterial catheter to evaluate intravascular volume status of the patient to compensate for massive *** In addition to traditional parameters,non-invasive cardiac monitoring and PPV are useful methods to evaluate patient's intravascular volume status and provideguidance for intraoperative management of hypovolemic shock patients.

关键词： Renal angiomyolipoma Pulse pressure variation Cardiac output Case report

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Advances in endoscopic management of biliary complications after living donor liver transplantation: Comprehensive review of the literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第27期22卷 6173-6191页

作者： Milljae shin jae-Won Joh Department of Surgery Konkuk University Medical Center Konkuk University School of Medicine Department of Surgery Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine

Apart from noticeable improvements in surgical techniques and immunosuppressive agents, biliary complications remain the major causes of morbidity and mortality after living donor liver transplantation(LDLT). Bile leakage and stricture are the predominant complications. The reported incidence of biliary complications is 15%-40%, and these are known to occur more frequently in living donors than in deceased donors. Despite the absence of a confirmed therapeutic algorithm, many approaches have been used for treatment, including surgical, endoscopic, and percutaneous transhepatic techniques. In recent years, nonsurgical approaches have largely replaced reoperation. Among these, the endoscopic approach is currently the preferred initial treatment for patients who undergo duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction. Previously, endoscopic management was achieved most optimally through balloon dilatation and single or multiple stents placement. Recently, there have been significant developments in endoscopic devices, such as novel biliary stents, as well as advances in endoscopic technologies, including deep enteroscopy, the rendezvous technique, magnetic compression anastomosis, and direct cholangioscopy. These developments have resulted in almost all patients being managed by the endoscopic approach. Multiple recent publications suggest superior long-term results, with overall success rates ranging from 58% to 75%. This article summarizes the advances in endoscopic management of patients with biliary complications after LDLT.

关键词： Biliary complication Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography Endoscopic management Living donor Liver transplantation

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Implementation of configuration dependent stiffness proportional damping for the dynamics of rigid multi-block systems

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2003年第1期2卷 87-98页

作者： yun Byeong Chae jae Kwan Kim R & D Division Chungsuk Engineering57Garak-dongSongpa-kuSeoul138-802Korea Assistant Engineer School of Civil Urban and Geosystem EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul151-742Korea Associate Professor

The distinct element method(DEM)has been used successfully for the dynamic analysis of rigid block sys- *** of many difficulties associated with DEM is modeling of *** this paper,new procedures are proposed for the damping modeling and its numerical implementation in distinct element analysis of rigid muhi-block *** stiff- ness proportional damping is constructed for the prescribed damping ratio,based on the non-zero fundamental frequency ef- fective during the time interval while the boundary conditions remain essentially *** this time interval,the funda- mental frequency can be estimated without complete eigenvalue *** damping coefficients will vary while the damp- ing ratio remains the same throughout the entire analysis.A new numerical procedure is developed to prevent unnecessary energy loss that can occur during the separation *** procedures were implemented in the development of the dis- tinet element method for the dynamic analyses of piled multi-block *** analysis results |or the single-block and two-block systems were in a good agreement with the analytic *** to the seismic analyses of piled four- block systems revealed that the new procedures can make a significant difference and may lead to much-improved results.

关键词： multi-block systems stiffness proportional damping rocking impact distinet element method rigid body dynamics

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Current innovations and future prospects of metal oxide electrospun materials for supercapacitor technology:A review

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第35期166卷 208-233页

作者： Sonali Ajay Beknalkar Aviraj Mahadev Teli jae Cheol shin Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Dongguk University-Seoul30Pildong-roJung-guSeoul 04620South Korea

Metal oxides with one-dimensional(1-D)nanostructures have shown promise as electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their unique properties,such as high aspect ratio,increased interaction between electrode and electrolyte,favourable mechanical strength,and short ion transportation pathways that im-prove the charge-discharge rates of electrons and *** is an effective technique for cre-ating 1-D metal oxide nanostructures that produce highly porous nanofibrous structures with exceptional specific surface areas,predictable pore size distributions,and tunable interconnected *** paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature on electrospun metal oxide nanostructures for superca-pacitors,including the principles and key parameters of electrospinning,an overview of supercapacitors,the charge storage mechanism of electrospun metal oxides,and recent developments in 1-D electrospun nanostructures,from binary to ternary metal *** review also discusses unresolved issues and future directions in this research ***,this paper offers valuable insights into the latest devel-opments,unresolved issues,and prospects of 1-D nanostructured metal oxides fabricated through elec-trospinning for supercapacitor applications,providing a critical analysis of their potential in this rapidly evolving field.

关键词： Electrospinning Supercapacitor Metal oxides New strategies Nanofibers

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Sorption enhanced catalytic CF4 hydrolysis with a three-stage catalyst-adsorbent reactor

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017年第4期11卷 537-544页

作者： Han, jae-yun Kim, Chang-Hyun Lee, Boreum Nam, Sung-Chan Jung, Ho-Young Lim, Hankwon Lee, Kwan-Young Ryi, shin-Kun Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) Daejeon Korea Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Seoul Korea Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering Catholic University of Daegu Gyeongbuk Korea Department of Environment and Energy Engineering Chonnam National University Gwangju Korea

In this study, we developed a three-stage catalyst-adsorbent reactor for the catalytic hydrolysis of CF4. Each stage is composed of a catalyst bed followed by an adsorbent bed using Ca（OH）2 to remove HF. The three stages are connected in series to enhance the hydrolysis of CF4 and eliminate a scrubber to dissolve HF in water at the same time. With a 10 wt-% Ce/AlaO3 catalyst prepared by the incipient wetness method using boehmite and a granular calcium hydroxide as an adsorbent, the CF4 conversion in our proposed reactor was 7%-23% higher than that in a conventional single-bed catalytic reactor in the temperature range of 923-1023 K. In addition, experimental and numerical simulation （Aspen HYSYS） results showed a reasonable trend of increased CF4 conversion with the adsorbent added and these results can be used as a useful design guideline for our newly proposed multistage reactor system.

关键词： PFCs catalytic hydrolysis calcium hydro-xide sorption enhanced process simulation

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Prevalence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding risk factors among the general population and osteoarthritis patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第48期22卷 10643-10652页

作者： Sang Hyuck Kim jae Moon yun Chong Bum Chang Heng Piao Su Jong Yu Dong Wook shin Department of Family Medicine Seoul National University Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery Seoul Municipal Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center Department of Family Medicine Graduate School Seoul National University Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute Seoul National University College of Medicine

AIM To assess the prevalence of possible risk factors of upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB) and their agegroup specific trend among the general population and osteoarthritis *** We utilized data from the National Health InsuranceService that included claims data and results of the national health check-up program. Comorbid conditions(peptic ulcer, diabetes, liver disease, chronic renal failure, and gastroesophageal reflux disease), concomitant drugs(aspirin, clopidogrel, cilostazol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroid, anticoagulants, and SSRI), personal habits(smoking, and alcohol consumption) were considered as possible UGIB risk factors. We randomly imputed the prevalence of infection in the data considering the age-specific prevalence of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection in Korea. The prevalence of various UGIB risk factors and the age-group specific trend of the prevalence were identified. Prevalence was compared between osteoarthritis patients and *** A total of 801926 subjects(93855 osteoarthritis patients) aged 20 and above were included. The prevalence of individual and concurrent multiple risk factors became higher as the age increased. The prevalence of each comorbid condition and concomitant drug were higher in osteoarthritis patients. Thirty-five point zero two percent of the overall population and 68.50% of osteoarthritis patients had at least one or more risk factors of UGIB. The prevalence of individual and concurrent multiple risk factors in younger age groups were also substantial. Furthermore, when personal habits(smoking, and alcohol consumption) and H. pylori infection were included, the prevalence of concurrent multiple risk factors increased greatly even in younger age *** Prevalence of UGIB risk factors was high in elderly population, but was also considerable in younger population. Patient with osteoarthritis was at higher UGIB risk than those without osteoarthritis. Physicians s h o

关键词： Upper gastrointestinal bleeding Prevalence Risk factor General population Osteoarthritis

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