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Effect of PEGylation on the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of bovine serum albumin-encapsulated liposome

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016年第1期11卷 112-113页

作者： yuko Okamoto Kazuaki Taguchi Keishi Yamasaki Mina Sakuragi Shun’ichi Kuroda Masaki Otagiri Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sojo UniversityKumamoto 860-0082Japan Department of Nanoscience Sojo UniversityKumamoto 860-0082Japan The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research Osaka UniversityOsaka 567-0047Japan Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya UniversityNagoya 464-8601Japan

There is now little doubt that PEGylation is useful and is in widespread use because it provides a prolonged half-life,a higher stability and a lowerimmunogenicity[1].However,it is of concern that PEGylation may affect the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of protein-encapsulated ***,we prepared the bovine serum albumin(BSA)-encapsulated liposome(BSA-liposome)with or without PEG and then compared their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics(Fig.1).BSA-liposomes were prepared by the thin-film hydration method.

关键词： Liposome PEGylation Bovine serum albumin

A Motor Programming Task Activates the Prefrontal Cortex More than a Sensitivity-to-Interference Task or an Inhibitory Control Task in Older Adults

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2016年第11期6卷 433-447页

作者： Masahiro Toyoda yuko Yokota Susan Rodiek Graduate School of Landscape Design and Management University of Hyogo Awaji Japan Center for Health Systems & Design Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

The objectives of this study were to detect age-related differences in activation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during the tasks of hand motions and to determine an activity-related task type activating the PFC. PFC activation during three tasks, three subtests of the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), was investigated in 77 healthy adults by using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The tasks were a motor programming task (FAB 3), a sensitivity-to-interference task (FAB 4) and an inhibitory control task (FAB 5). We divided participants into three age groups of Younger (20 - 39 years), Middle-aged (40 - 59 years), and Older (60 - 81 years), and compared relative changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in the PFC during the tasks. The activation in the frontal pole (FP) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during a motor programming task and a sensitivity-to-interference task showed no main effects by age. The results indicated that they were not likely to be affected by age-related cognitive decline compared to an inhibitory control task. In addition, in the Older group, a motor programming task induced significantly greater activation than a sensitivi-ty-to-interference task at eleven channels out of twelve on which we focused (p < 0.05). It was suggested that some characteristic factors included in the motor programming task such as repetition of a series of hand motions and attention to action have the potential to contribute to PFC activation in older adults. These findings provide a clue to understanding daily activities available to suppress cognitive decline of older adults by activating the PFC.

关键词： Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) Working Memory (WM) Attention to Action Cognitive Decline Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)

Processes through Which the Grandparents of a Child with Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities (SMID) May Become Involved in Raising the Child

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Open Journal of Nursing 2020年第12期10卷 1251-1264页

作者： Yuki Konoshima Junko Takemura yuko Tomari Department of Nursing Faculty of Health and Science Nagoya Women’s University Aichi Japan Faculty of Nursing Osaka Medical College Osaka Japan Graduate School of Nursing Kansai University of Social Welfare Ako Hyōgo Japan

In Japan, it is common practice to involve grandparents in the care of children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID), as it may be difficult for nuclear families to handle such children by themselves. This study aimed to explore and describe the process through which the grandparents of children with SMID may be involved in their upbringing. Data were obtained via semi-structured interviews with 13 grandparents who had a grandchild with SMID. The collected data were examined using Yasuhito Kinoshita’s modified grounded theory approach. Altogether, 11 categories were identified from 29 themes. The results revealed two broad patterns concerning the nature of the grandparents’ involvement and their definition of grandparenthood in the context of raising a grandchild with SMID. In one process, grandparents supported the child’s family. They also learned to relate to the child and their family, despite experiencing a lack of responsiveness from the child initially. This ultimately resulted in them being inspired by their grandchild. In the other process, the grandparents left the care of their grandchild to the child’s family and chose to monitor the child’s welfare indirectly. In both the processes, the level of involvement was determined by the extent to which the family chose to ask grandparents for help. The study’s findings can be used to identify the kind of support that grandparents of children with SMID require while highlighting the role of considering the needs and intentions of the children’s families.

关键词： Grandparents Children Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities Support Extended Family Caregiving Japan

Ultrasound-guided vs endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for pancreatic cancer diagnosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第15期19卷 2368-2373页

作者： Masato Matsuyama Hiroshi Ishii Kensuke Kuraoka Seigo Yukisawa Akiyoshi Kasuga Masato Ozaka Sho Suzuki Kouichi Takano yuko Sugiyama Takao Itoi Department of Gastroenterology Cancer Institute HospitalTokyo 135-8550Japan Department of Gynecology Cancer Institute HospitalTokyo 135-8550Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo 160-0023Japan

AIM: To clarify the effectiveness and safety of endo- scopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (PC). METHODS: Patients who were diagnosed with unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic PC between February 2006 and September 2011 were selected for this retrospective study. FNA biopsy for pancreatic tumors had been performed percutaneously under extracorporeal ultrasound guidance until October 2009; then, beginning in November 2009, EUS-FNA has been performed. We reviewed the complete medical records of all patients who met the selection criteria for the following data: sex, age, location and size of the targeted tumor, histological and/or cytological findings, details of puncture procedures, time from day of puncture until day of definitive diagnosis, and details of severe adverse events. RESULTS: Of the 121 patients who met the selection criteria, 46 had a percutaneous biopsy (Group A) and 75 had an EUS-FNA biopsy (Group B). Adequate cytological specimens were obtained in 42 Group A patients (91.3%) and all 75 Group B patients (P=0.0192), and histological specimens were obtained in 41 Group A patients (89.1%) and 65 Group B patients (86.7%). Diagnosis of malignancy by cytology was positive in 33 Group A patients (78.6%) and 72 Group B patients (94.6%) (P=0.0079). Malignancy by both cytology and pathology was found in 43 Group A (93.5%) and 73 Group B (97.3%) patients. The mean period from the puncture until the cytological diagnosis in Group B was 1.7 d, which was significantly shorter than that in Group A (4.1 d) (P < 0.0001). Severe adverse events were experienced in two Group A patients (4.3%) and in one Group B patient (1.3%). CONCLUSION: EUS-FNA, as well as percutaneous needle aspiration, is an effective modality to obtain cytopathological confirmation in patients with advanced PC.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration Percutaneous needle aspiration Pancreatic cancer

Effect of Acid Species on <i>Cryptococcus</i>sp. T1 and Construction of Its Bioreactor System for Continuous Neutralization of Acidic Media

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Advances in Microbiology 2019年第1期9卷 74-86页

作者： Shintaro Nagaoka yuko yuko Kajiwara Sayaka Toyama Masahiko Okai Masami Ishida Naoto Urano Department of Ocean Science Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo Japan Department of Life Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama Japan

Generally, the tolerance of yeasts to acid is stronger than that of bacteria. In addition, some of the yeasts are able to neutralize acidic media, which is called acid-neutralizing yeast. An acid-neutralizing yeast, Cryptococcus sp. strain T1, was previously isolated from Lake Tazawa in Japan. Here we investigated the effect of several types of acid on the neutralizing ability of strain T1, and we improved an existing bioreactor model to effectively neutralize acidic water. First we carried out a neutralizing test with strain T1 using casamino acid solution adjusted to pH 3.0 - 5.0 with each inorganic or organic acid. The solutions adjusted to pH 3.0 with nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and citric acid were neutralized by strain T1. The pH 3.0 solutions with lactic acid, formic acid, and acetic acid were not neutralized. These results demonstrated that some types of organic acid avoid neutralization by strain T1, and we hypothesized that this might be due to the sterilizing function of non-dissociative organic acid. We then constructed a bioreactor system with a column filled with T1-immobilized alginate beads. The previous research identified a problem in this bioreactor system: the high level of ammonium ions (NH+4) in the neutralized water might pollute water environments, and aluminum ions (Al3+) included in acidic water prevent the neutralization. Here, we used zeolite to get rid of the NH+4 and Al3+, and the addition of a zeolite reactor enabled the bioreactor system to neutralize the acidic water with a decrease of NH+4 in the water.

关键词： Acid-Tolerant Yeast Acid-Neutralizing Yeast Bioreactor Organic Acid Zeolite

Genetic variations in triple-negative breast cancers undergoing neo-adjuvant chemotherapy

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2019年第3期2卷 877-884页

作者： Miki Mori Tomoko Watanabe Sadako Akashi-Tanaka Kumiko Ueda Reiko Makino yuko Hirota Seigo Nakamura Department of Breast Surgical Oncology Showa UniversityShinagawakuTokyo 142-8666Japan Clinical Research Laboratory Showa UniversityShinagawakuTokyo 142-8666Japan Department of Pathology Showa UniversityShinagawakuTokyo 142-8666Japan

Aim:Triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)is known as aggressive subtype and have no identified targeted *** examined the relationship of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response to genetic variations of ***:The tumors used in this study were collected from Showa University Hospital,*** formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumors from Japanese TNBC patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy were used for *** these,eight surgically resected tumors showed progressive disease and/or recurrence after treatment(PD/REC),and biopsy tissues from five patients showing pathological complete response(pCR)were *** extracted from tissue sample were *** Miseq system and Trusight Tumor Sequence panel kit were used to sequence 174 amplicons over 82 exons of 26 cancer-related genes to identify genetic ***:Seven somatic non-synonymous variants were detected in three genes(FOXL2,PIK3CA,and TP53)in all five pCR patients,and six somatic non-synonymous variants in two genes(PTEN and TP53)were detected in six of eight PD/REC *** of 13 TNBC tumors were found to have TP53 pathogenic variants,in both pCR and PD/REC ***:Although TP53 variation was detected in both pCR and PD/REC cases,each location and type of the variant were *** could not identify genetic mutations associated with chemotherapy response and recurrence.

关键词： Triple negative breast cancer next generation sequence TP53 and neo adjuvant chemotherapy

gastrointestinal symptom prevalence depends on disease duration and gastrointestinal region in type 2 diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第36期23卷 6694-6704页

作者： Midori Fujishiro Akifumi Kushiyama Hiroki Yamazaki Sunao Kaneko yuko Koketsu Takeshi Yamamotoya Takako Kikuchi Hideyuki Sakoda Ryo Suzuki Takashi Kadowaki Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Graduate School of Medicine the University of Tokyo Division of Diabetes and Metabolism Institute for Adult Diseases Asahi Life Foundation Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Shinko Hospital Department of Medical Science Graduate School of Medicine University of Hiroshima Division of Neurology Respirology Endo-crinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki

AIM To unravel relationships between gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms impairing quality of life(QOL)and clinical profiles of diabetes mellitus(DM)patients. METHODS We enrolled 134 outpatients with type 2 *** age was 64.7 years,mean body mass index was 24.7 RESULTS Lower abdominal symptoms were found to be more frequent than those affecting the upper *** duration and medications showed associations with GI *** identified differences in peak prevalences of the five ***(P=0.02vs 10-14 years)and total GI symptoms(P=0.01 and P=0.02 vs 5-9 years and 10-14 years,respectively)peaked at a diabetes duration of 15-19 ***(P=0.004)and postprandial fullness(P=0.03)tended to increase with disease *** and diarrhea showed bimodal peaks,with the first early and the second late(e.g.,P=0.03 at 15-19 years vs 10-14years for diarrhea)in the disease ***,GI symptoms showed clustering that reflected the region of the GI tract affected,i.e.,constipation and diarrhea had similar frequencies(P<0.0001). CONCLUSION Our study highlights the importance of questioning patients about QOL impairment due to abdominal symptoms,especially in the early and the late periods of diabetes.

关键词： Gastrointestinal symptoms Questionnaire survey Disease duration Type 2 diabetes Quality of life Gastrointestinal tract regions

Raman spectroscopy for the diagnosis of unlabeled and unstained histopathological tissue specimens

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2018年第11期10卷 439-448页

作者： Haruo Ikeda Hiroaki Ito Muneaki Hikita Noriko Yamaguchi Naoyuki Uragami Noboru Yokoyama yuko Hirota Miki Kushima Yoichi Ajioka Haruhiro Inoue Digestive Disease Center Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital Department of Surgery Digestive Disease Center Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital Stem Cell Business Development Department Nikon Corporation Sakae-ku Department of Pathology Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences

AIM To investigate the possibility of diagnosing gastric cancer from an unstained pathological tissue using Raman spectroscopy, and to compare the findings to those obtained with conventional histopathology. METHODS We produced two consecutive tissue specimens from areas with and without cancer lesions in the surgically resected stomach of a patient with gastric cancer. One of the two tissue specimens was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and used as a reference for laser irradiation positioning by the spectroscopic method. The other specimen was left unstained and used for Raman spectroscopy analysis. RESULTS A significant Raman scattering spectrum could be obtained at all measurement points. Raman scattering spectrum intensities of 725 cm^(-1) and 782 cm^(-1), are associated with the nucleotides adenine and cytosine, respectively. The Raman scattering spectrum intensity ratios of 782 cm^(-1)/620 cm^(-1), 782 cm^(-1)/756 cm^(-1), 782 cm^(-1)/1250 cm^(-1), and 782 cm^(-1)/1263 cm^(-1) in the gastric adenocarcinoma tissue were significantly higher than those in the normal stomach *** The results of this preliminary experiment suggest the feasibility of our spectroscopic method as a diagnostic tool for gastric cancer using unstained pathological specimens.

关键词： Label-free analysis Raman spectroscopy Histopathological examination Gastric cancer

Extracting multiple layers from data having graph structures

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重庆邮电学院学报（自然科学版） 2004年第5期16卷 149-155页

作者： ITOKAWA yuko UCHIDA Tomoyuki NAKAMURA Yasuaki Faculty of Human and Social Environment Hiroshima International UniversityKurose 724 0695 JapanFaculty of Information Sciences Hiroshima City UniversityHiroshima 731 3194 JapanFaculty of Information Sciences Hiroshima City UniversityHiroshima 731 3194 Japan

Much data such as geometric image data and drawings have graph structures. Such data are called graph structured data. In order to manage efficiently such graph structured data, we need to analyze and abstract graph structures of such data. The purpose of this paper is to find knowledge representations which indicate plural abstractions of graph structured data. Firstly, we introduce a term graph as a graph pattern having structural variables, and a substitution over term graphs which is graph rewriting system. Next, for a graph G, we define a multiple layer ( g,(θ 1,…,θ k )) of G as a pair of a term graph g and a list of k substitutions θ 1,…,θ k such that G can be obtained from g by applying substitutions θ 1,…,θ k to g. In the same way, for a set S of graphs, we also define a multiple layer for S as a pair ( D,Θ ) of a set D of term graphs and a list Θ of substitutions. Secondly, for a graph G and a set S of graphs, we present effective algorithms for extracting minimal multiple layers of G and S which give us stratifying abstractions of G and S, respectively. Finally, we report experimental results obtained by applying our algorithms to both artificial data and drawings of power plants which are real world data.

关键词：图表结构最小多层结构几何图象数据 GIS