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A spectroscopic study on the effect of ultra-violet solar radiation in Antarctica on the human skin fbroblast cells

Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第6期4卷 647-653页

作者： Tatsuyuki Yamamoto Hideo Akiyoshi Keisuke Yoshikiyo Tetsuya Takahashi yukiko tanabe Sakae Kudoh Satoshi Imurad Naoyuki Yamamoto Faculty of Life and Environmental Science Shimane University Faculty of Education Shimane University Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo National Institute of Polar Research Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University

A study on the effect of the solar ultra-violet radiation on the human skin fibroblast cells revealed that the production of matrix metalloproteinase-2 was inhibited by the radiation.A CO2 incubator connected by optical fibers to a reflector telescope for collecting the solar light was built at Syowa station by the 49th Japanese Antarctica Research Expedition.The direction of the telescope was continuously controlled by a sun-tracker to follow the movement of the Sun automatically.The intensity of the collected light was monitored by a portable spectrophotometer housed inside.The human skin fibroblast cells were incubated in the CO2 chamber to investigate the effect of the solar radiation at Syowa station and were compared with those reference experiments at a laboratory in Japan.The results showed cell damage by strong UV radiation.The production of matrix metalloproteinase-2 was prompted by the moderate UV-B,but was inhibited by the strong UV-B radiation,as studied under laboratory conditions in Japan.The effect of strong solar radiation at Syowa station involving the radiation of UV-B region was estimated to be of the same extent of the radiation caused by an artificial UV-B light with the intensity more than 50 mJ/cm2.

关键词： Antarctica Geobiology Ultra-violet radiation Human skin fibroblast cells Matrix metalloproteinase

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Limnology and ecology of lakes along the S?ya Coast, East Antarctica

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Advances in Polar Science 2014年第2期25卷 75-91页

作者： Sakae Kudoh yukiko tanabe National Institute of Polar Research 10-3 Midori-choTachikawa Tokyo 190-8518 Japan Department of Polar Science The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai) 10-3 Midori-choTachikawa Tokyo 190-8518 Japan Waseda Institute for Advanced Study Waseda University 1-6-1 Nishi WasedaShinjuku Tokyo 169-8050 Japan

The Soya Coast in East Antarctica has several ice-free areas where many small （〈1 km2） and shallow （〈50 m depth） glacial lakes display various limnological features. Geological, biological, and ecological studies conducted by the Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions since 1957 are reviewed herein. Most of the lakes along the coast are oligotrophic; however, water quality is highly variable depending on differences in lake morphology and history. Geophysical and paleolimnological studies suggest that most of the lakes appeared after the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM） and have since maintained a lacustrine condition. The ubiquitous occurrence of benthic microbial assemblages with low phytoplankton biomasses is a common feature of other Antarctic lakes. However, diverse benthic assemblages such as moss pillars and large pinnacle microbial structures are found in the lake basins. Frequent and continuous limnological studies have revealed three typical water circulation patterns, underwater light climate features （too much light, which includes UV radiation during the ice free season）, and the structure of benthic assemblages based on their photosynthetic physiology. The phenomenon of mass floatation of benthic assemblages was observed in a lake during the ice-covered season; this was explained by seasonal environmental conditions. Thus, a hypothesis was formulated based on ecological matter cycling, eutrophication, and lake succession processes.

关键词： glacial lakes biological diversity phytobenthos polar ecosystem photophysiology circulation patterns

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